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Diffusion hypoxia is a type of ...............hypoxia | Hypoxic hypoxia also called aerial hypoxiais a result of insufficient oxygen available to the lungs. Diffusion hypoxia occurs during recovery from nitrous oxide anesthesia when nitrous oxide is suddenly cut off. Nitrous oxide diffuses from the blood to the alveoli and replaces the oxygen which reduces alveolar O2 conce... | 4 | Anemic | Histotoxic | Stagnant | Hypoxic | Anaesthesia | Inhalational Anesthetic Agents | f2fd4448-3405-41e6-bc72-3ebaf63db8b1 | single |
Muscle relaxant of choice in patient suffering from chronic liver disease | Atracurium is preferred in CLD patients since it is metabolised by Hoffmann elimination. | 2 | Pancuronium | Atracurium | Mivacurium | Vecuronium | Anaesthesia | null | cda02f98-ba04-488a-b315-7ff0faa4938c | single |
The cardiovascular side effect of Dexmedetomidine is following | Dexmetetomidine is a highly selective alpha2 - adrenoceptor against thus can cause hypotension and Bradycardia. Dexmedetomidine * Highly selective alpha - 2 adrenoreceptor agonist * Used mainly as IV adjunct during induction and /or maintenance of general anesthetics * Minimal respiratory and cardiovascular depression ... | 1 | Hypotension and Bradycardia | Hypeension and Tachycardia | Hypotension and Tachycardia | Hypeension and Bradycardia | Anaesthesia | Intravenous Anesthetic Agents | f7e3daf1-ab6d-4e72-a2a7-26d182d3386e | single |
Merits of nasotracheal intubation is | Good oral hygine Intubation can be done in two ways : Orotracheal intubation Nasotracheal intubation Orotracheal intubation is the preferred technique in most cases. It is most suited to emergency situation (nasotracheal intubation requires a little extra time. Orotracheal intubation under direct laryn goscopy is gener... | 1 | Good oral hygiene | Less infection | Less miscosal damage and bleeding | More movement or displacement of endotracheal t ube | Anaesthesia | null | 0b14a1a1-0b3a-4326-b3d0-64df105b9b1d | single |
Most cardiotoxic local anaesthetic is | Bupivacaine (Sensoricaine, Marcaine)Bupivacaine is 2nd most commonly used local anaesthetic (after lidocaine)Bupivacaine has the highest local tissue irritancy amongst local anaestheticsIt is the most cardiotoxic local anaestheticLevobupivacaine (The S(-) enantiomer of bupivacaine) is less cardiotoxic and less prone to... | 1 | Bupivacaine | Procaine | Prilocaine | Dibucaine | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 45f7b6f1-f97c-4588-83c5-697b8887d662 | single |
Pin index system for oxygen | Ans: (b) 2,5Ref: Miller's Anaesthesia 7th ed. / 675* Pin index for oxygen is 2, 5.* Cylinder of oxygen is black body with white shoulder.GasColor CodePin index positionBodyShoulderOxygenBlackWhite2,5Nitrous oxideBlueBlue3, 5CO2GrayGray1,6HeliumBrownBrown2,5AirGreyWhite/black quartered1,5 | 2 | 1,5 | 2,5 | 4,5 | 3,5 | Anaesthesia | Local and Regional Anesthesia | 027707f3-c54a-47d9-ac0f-8faea34dfb9f | single |
The site of action of local anaesthetic in epidural anesthesia is | Local anaesthetic in maximal blockade is believed to act in spinal nerve root. Mechanism of action of central neuraxial blockade. The mechanisms of spinal and epidural are believed to be the nerve roots. Blockade of neural transmission in the posterior nerve root fibers interrupt somatic and visceral sensation, whereas... | 1 | Spinal nerve root | Spinal cord | Epidural neural tissue | Anterior root of spinal nerve | Anaesthesia | Central Neuraxial Blockade | 8a78e1a6-f97e-4726-9caa-ec1b9a063438 | single |
The treatment of choice in diagnosed ventricular fibrillation is | Defibrillation.The delivery of an electrical shock through the chest wall to the hea momentarily stops the hea and the chaotic rhythm. This often allows the normal hea rhythm to resume. If a public-use automated external defibrillator (AED) is available, anyone can administer it. Most public-use AEDs voice instructions... | 3 | Amiodarone | External cardiac massage | DC shock | Adrenaline | Anaesthesia | Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation | 0ca66de7-02f3-4b3d-b7b3-dc517d51e463 | single |
Index of potency of general anesthesia | Minimal alveolar concentrationIt is the lowest concentration of the anaesthetic in pulmonary alveoli needed to produce immobility in response to a painful stimulus (surgical incision) in 50% individualsIt is the measure of potency of inhalation Gas.(Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg ... | 1 | Minimum alveolar concentration | Diffusion coefficient | Dead space concentration | Alveolar blood concentration | Anaesthesia | All India exam | e336226b-1657-490c-b691-354961a21794 | single |
A intravenous anesthetic agent that is associated with hemodynamic stability, maintenence of CPP with post operative nausea, vomiting and myoclonus | B i.e. Etomidate | 2 | Ketamine | Etomidate | Propofol | Opioids. | Anaesthesia | null | d671fa37-a30c-40a8-990c-1ce0b42a4c83 | single |
A child with bladder exstrophy and chronic renal failure. The Anesthesia of choice for the child while operating exstrophy is aEUR' | Atracurium "Atracurium and cisatracurium are muscle relaxants of choice for both liver and kidney failure". | 1 | Atracurium | Mivacurium | Pancuronium | Rocuronium | Anaesthesia | null | 1980e7d1-d5ab-4782-8ca8-6690452220e3 | single |
Sodium Thiopentone is ultra sho acting d/t | Barbiturate pharmacokinetics has been described in physiologic and compament models. Both these pharmacokinetic models describe rapid redistribution as the primary mechanism that terminates the action of a single induction dose. Physiologic models of barbiturates describe a rapid mixing of the drug within the central b... | 3 | Rapid absorption | Rapid metabolism | Rapid redistribution | Rapid excretion | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | 7fca4e73-c0d6-4059-ae8c-80dd95c9098a | single |
Complete neuromuscular blocking agent with shortest duration of action | Ans. c (Mivacurium) (Ref. Anaesthesia by Ajay Yadav, 2nd/pg. 90)Mivacurium is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with a short duration of action. Mivacurium is indicated as an adjunct to anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to induce skeletal muscle relaxation in the surgical field.Neuromusc... | 3 | Rocuronium | Pipecuronium | Mivacurium | Pancuronium | Anaesthesia | Muscle Relaxant | 912ee9b6-932c-4364-8168-eb1b8aab45ff | single |
Rebreathing systems are WE | D i.e. Mapleson F - Calcium hydroxide is the main component of both sodalime (94%) and baralimeQ (80%). - Ba(OH)2 is not a constituent of soda lime, it is used in baralime. Water (of crystalization) is used to produce hardening in baralimeQ. - Clayton, mimosaQ, ethyl violet, phenolphthalein & ethyl orange are indicator... | 4 | To & fro system | Circle system | Water's system | Mapleson F | Anaesthesia | null | 639d007f-cf48-4ab5-b868-bf49a3d94637 | single |
Chest compression to ventilation ratio in resuscitation of children with 2 rescuers is | In CPR of children compression to ventilation ratio if single rescuer is 30:2 and if double rescuer is 15:2. | 3 | 30:02:00 | 3:01 | 15:02 | 30:02:00 | Anaesthesia | null | 09c511d0-c5e3-4832-88d1-a8e4a3ae8617 | single |
Maximum does of lidocaine as local anesthesia is | D i.e. 500 mg | 4 | 100 mg | 200 mg | 300 mg | 500 mg | Anaesthesia | null | a8349217-41c1-4510-837a-87cec0d8d380 | single |
Thiopentone is absolutely contraindicated in | (Porphyria): (381 -- KDT 7th edition; 536- Goodman 12th7or variegate)Thiopentone can precipitate acut intermittent or variegate porphyria in susceptible individuals therefore contraindicated. The abnormal synthesis of protoporphyrin (important in hemoglobin production) results in excess porphobilinogen. Barbiturates in... | 1 | Porphyria | Moribund patients | Increased intracranial pressure | Meningitis | Pharmacology | Anaesthesia | e1a6bd20-0da6-47b4-9f16-bca48ed0f609 | single |
MAC stands for | Minimum alveolar concentration is defined as the alveolar concentration of an inhaled anesthetic agent that prevents movement in 50% of patients in response to a standardized surgical stimulus. Low MAC - High potency MAC values of adult Halothane: 0.75 Sevoflurane: 2.0 Isoflurane: 1.2 Desflurane: 6.0 Enflurane: 1.7 Xen... | 1 | Minimum alveolar concentration | Minimal analgesic concentration | Minimal anaesthetic concentration | Maximum alveolar concentration | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | f6ef2d56-11af-45d1-8954-e505a3dd9800 | single |
The potency of an inhalational anaesthetic agent depends upon | Meyer-Oveon correlation of anesthetic potency with solubility in olive oil interpreted by the majority of researchers as an indicator that lipids are likely the anesthetic target. This interpretation focused attention on anesthetic effects on the bulk physical propeies of cell membranes, which were known at that time t... | 2 | blood gas paition coefficient | Oil-gas paition coefficient | Gas pressure | Blood pressure | Anaesthesia | Fundamental concepts | f94d737e-3ed1-483f-8c30-fcb1ae47438e | single |
Drug used to prolong the action of LA in Hypeensive pts | Vasoconstrictor are used along with local anaestheticsAdrenaline is the most commonly used vasoconstrictor. Less commonly phenylephrine is also used. Felypressin (synthetic vasopressin) does not affect BP & HR - Preferred in patients with cardiovascular disease(Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th ... | 2 | Clonidine | Felypressin | Dexmeditomidate | Noradrenalin | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 01a61937-4e59-4020-8794-3004c5e23e48 | single |
Capnography is useful for | capnography is the ideal method of determining the correct placemet of endotracheal tube. Identification : loss of waveform of capnogram.decline in End tidal CO2 levels. | 3 | Determining Vaporizer malfunction or contamination | Determining circuit hypoxia | Determining the appropriate placement of endotracheal | Detecting concentration of oxygen in the anesthetic circuit. | Anaesthesia | Preoperative assessment and monitoring in anaesthesia | 216b1c0a-18f1-4126-b8e0-d53ac9037bd5 | single |
Intravenous anesthetic agent of choice in this below given procedure | Methohexitone is IV anesthetic agent of choice for electroconvulsive therapy because, compared to thiopental and propofol, methohexitone produces less depression of EEG activity. intravenous injection is painful. | 4 | Thiopentone | Propofol | Etomidate | Methohexitone | Anaesthesia | Intravenous Anesthetic Agents | 8cf9dee3-7bc5-4dcf-bd44-b6ea8188fb4b | single |
The following combination of agents are the most preferred for sho day care surgeries | A i.e. Propofol, Fentanyl, isoflurane | 1 | Propofol, fentanyl, isoflurane | Thiopentone sodium, morphine, halothane | Ketamine, pethidine, halothane | Propofol, morphine, halothane | Anaesthesia | null | 386a1f9c-0c72-41dd-8c15-b105e6967cac | single |
For high pressure storage of compressed gases cylinders are made up of. | A i.e. Molybdenum Steel | 1 | Molybdenum steel | Iron + Mo | Steel + Cu | Cast iron | Anaesthesia | null | 7421914f-f23e-409b-a816-63495a6aa44b | single |
Most potent cerebral vasodilator is | C i.e. Hyper carbia | 3 | B blocker | Nitro-glycerine | Hyper carbia | Nitroprusside | Anaesthesia | null | 60061103-7cbe-4c3b-aaa1-179e688e2c64 | single |
Inducing agent with maximum incidence of vomiting | Postoperative nausea and vomiting are more common following etomidate than following propofol or barbiturate induction. Propofol also possesses significant antiemetic activity with small (sub hypnotic) doses (i.e., 10 mg in adults). The median concentration of propofol with an antiemetic effect was 343 ng/mL, which als... | 2 | Ketamine | Etomidate | Thiopentone | Propofol | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | 4df8da90-d1ae-4f0d-a5ae-db86ccc18e90 | single |
The Heidbrink meter in Boyle&;s machine | Heidbrink is a flowmeter used in past. It consists of a metal tapered tube with inveed black float. The upper-end projects in the glass tube. Other type of flowmeter used in past was Connell which has round bobin. | 2 | Reduces pressure of gases | Indicates flow of gases | Indicates humidity of gases | It a fixed orifice meter | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments | 6e194de7-1ea5-4f92-a061-14e59b30c70c | single |
Atracurium is metabolized and excreted by | Ans. d (Hoffman's elimination). (Ref. Harrisons, Medicine, 18th/735)ATRACURIUM BESYLATE# Long acting and non-depolarising muscle relaxant.# Muscle relaxant of choice in renal failure or anephric patients.# pH of solution is 3.5.# Stored at 4degC.# Duration of action doubled at 25degC.# Metabolism mainly by Hofmann elim... | 4 | Kidney | Liver | Brain | Hoffman's elimination | Anaesthesia | Muscle Relaxant | 17ff3db2-cb07-4f02-88bf-54bdc1c2a12b | single |
Maximum dose of lignocaine with adrenaline (in mg/kg) | Maximum safe dose of plain lidocaine - 300 mg (4.5 mg/kg)Maximum safe dose of lidocaine with epinephrine- 500 mg (7mg/kg)(Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg no. 754, 856) | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 10 | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 77d7cdd4-7f5b-468d-93b6-8b8dcbe866ee | single |
Maximum interval between bare metal cardiac stent and elective surgery is | 1 month is ideal interval between bare metal cardiac stent and any elective surgery. | 3 | 1 year | 2 month | 1 month | 2 year | Anaesthesia | null | c6f05ec6-13d1-40a4-a4f5-781cd36936ff | single |
The definite contraindication of Thiopentone | (D) Acute intermittant porphyria # Barbiturates are Contraindicated in -- H/O Barbiturate hypersensitivity H/O Acute intermittent porphyria (cause LMN paralysis or CVS collapse);Anticipated airway obstruction> Care: Fixed cardiac output states; Shock states; Hepatic/Renal dysfunction; Asthmatic/Myxoedema; Adrenocortica... | 4 | Diabetic patient | ECT | Sarcoidosis | Acute intermittant porphyria | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous | 75b547e8-2aa3-4f9f-a5db-44ea259a5fa6 | single |
Bronchospasm is not caused by | D i.e. Halothane | 4 | Regurgitation | Aspiration | Intubation | Halothane | Anaesthesia | null | 9ab192eb-ae4e-4eb2-9e64-362b704d2588 | single |
Sodalime circuit is not used with | D i.e. Trilene | 4 | Enflurane | Isoflurane | Methoxyflurane | Trilene | Anaesthesia | null | f3d414a5-66da-43aa-a1f8-9bdc33f4492c | single |
Minimum Alveolar concentration of halothane is | Halothane is a potent anesthetic with a MAC of 0.74%. Its blood/gas paition coefficient of 2.4 makes it an agent with moderate induction and recovery time. It is not a good analgesic and its muscle relaxation effect is moderate. | 1 | 0.74% | 1-2% | 6% | 2% | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | d8c15424-0ed5-4757-81be-2758b8475def | single |
In epidural anaesthesia drug is injected | Epidural (extradural anaesthesia)Local anaesthetic is injected in epidural space, i.e., outside the dura mater with Tuohy&;s needleIn extradural space, LA acts on the nerve rootsIt is used in thoracic, lumbar and sacral (caudal) regions (in contrast to spinal anaesthesia which is given in lumbar region)Continuous analg... | 1 | Outside the dura | Inside the duramater | Inside arachnoidamater | inside piamater | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 92f9db21-4c0c-4f3f-b46e-c4de7bd89b29 | single |
Minimum Alveolar concentration of halothane is | Halothane is a potent anesthetic with a MAC of 0.74%. Its blood/gas partition coefficient of 2.4 makes it an agent with moderate
induction and recovery time. It is not a good analgesic and its muscle relaxation effect is moderate. | 1 | 0.74% | 1-2% | 6% | 2% | Anaesthesia | null | b54da3ac-d32d-43c3-8221-6e3b8cb5142d | single |
In venturi mask maximum 02 concentration attained is | In Venturi mask normal O2 concentration is between 24 and 60% . In non breathing masks oxygen saturation is between 80 and 90%. | 3 | 90% | 100% | 60% | 80% | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments | 9708c475-537c-4ce0-aba8-90dc2f02e2be | single |
Adiministration of Scoline (Sch) produces dangerous hyperkalamia in | D i.e. Paraplegia | 4 | Acute Renal Failure (A.R.F.) | Raised ICT | Fracture femur | Paraplegia | Anaesthesia | null | ccd6b291-4cea-4c89-88ed-4aae95f732a3 | single |
Emergence delirium is associated with | Ketamine causes postoperative delirium and hallucinations. It is also contraindicated in delirium tremens and head injury. Ketamine increases cerebral metabolism, CBF, and ICP. So contraindicated in neurosurgeries. Ketamine, like other phencyclidines, produces undesirable psychological reactions, which occur during awa... | 2 | Pentothal sodium | Ketamine | Droperidol | Halothane | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | 76d6e8ef-8da2-4b82-b3ee-82b15b44159e | single |
Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) is a measure of | Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) - Measure of potencyBlood: Gas paition coefficient -Blood solubility of anaesthetic agent and determines the speed of induction & recoveryOil: Gas paition coefficient - Lipid solubility of anaesthetic agent and is related to potency of anaesthetic agent.(Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's ... | 1 | Potency of anaesthetic agent | Speed of induction and recovery | Lipid solubility of agent | Toxicity of agent | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 795e8eba-887f-4da8-af8d-f908df4aa954 | single |
Most potent antiemetic agent used in preoperative period | the most potent anti-emetic used is hyoscine . the most commonly used anti-emetics are metochlopramide,ondensetron. | 2 | Glycopyrolate | Hyoscine | Atropine | Metochlorpromide | Anaesthesia | Preoperative assessment and monitoring in anaesthesia | cf8e5fea-3f10-4bdb-a1d2-d8d7257b2e1d | single |
The most important determinant of carbon dioxide elimination is | Fresh gas flow is important determinant of carbon dioxide elimination in breathing circuits. | 2 | Minute ventilation | Fresh gas flow | Expiratory reserve volume | Vital capacity | Anaesthesia | null | 595e5db9-609d-426a-a77d-18463db79c68 | single |
In a 2 months old infant undergoing surgery for biliary atresia, you would avoid one of the following anaesthetic | B i.e. Halothane Among all these options only halothane is hepatotoxic so it should be avoided Lets revise some impoant facts. All coagulation factors with exception of factor VIII (8) & von wille brand factor are produced by liverQ Vit K is necessary for synthesis of prothrombin (factor II) and factor VII, IX and XQ. ... | 2 | Thiopentone | Halothane | Propofol. | Sevoflurane | Anaesthesia | null | 89f1fc8f-a728-4ccf-aa39-31bee8fa38aa | single |
In volume controlled ventilation, the inspiratory flow rate is | In most patients, inspiratory flow rates is 60 L/min are adequate. Higher flow rates are required in patients with higher ventilator demands. | 4 | 140-160 L/min | 110-130 L/min | 60-100 L/min | 30-50 L/min | Anaesthesia | Preoperative assessment and monitoring in anaesthesia | 339ac4b7-9136-4688-8efd-a92a5e628cae | single |
Shoest acting NDMR | Rapacuronium Among the given options Rapacuronium is the shoest ating drug. Rapacuronium has been withdrawn from the market because it produces intense bronchospasm in a significant number of patients. Alcuronium is a relatively sho acting muscle relaxant. Always remember this | 2 | Succinyl choline | Rapac uroni um | Atracurium | Pancuronium | Anaesthesia | null | 9e8b40da-669b-47ff-97f9-268e1f3a4999 | single |
Following group of drugs is the first line in the management of schizophrenia | Most antipsychotics are dopamine antagonists, and as such they have found use in treatingschizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and stimulant psychosis. | 4 | Opioids | Antiepileptics | Serotonergic drugs | Dopamine antagonist | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous | 4c7f4c37-7b2e-40e4-aa5f-92f172245234 | single |
Most potent bronchodilator among inhalational anesthetic agents is | Effect of inhalational agents on respiratory systemAll inhalational agents are bronchodilators -Halothane cause maximum bronchodilatation. The inhalational agent of choice in asthmatics (intravenous anaesthtic of choice is ketamine).All inhalational agents cause respiratory depression to some extent - Maximum depressio... | 3 | Isoflurane | Sevoflurane | Halothane | Desflurane | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 48c5a2e3-2e0c-4a3f-a28f-b90edd413c82 | single |
Anesthetic agent (s) safe to use in ICP | Anesthetic agents safe to use in raised intracranial pressure (ICP) are thiopentone, propofol & etomidate. Ref: Manuel C Pardo Jr and Ronaldo D Miller 7th Ed. | 2 | Halothane | Thiopentone | Ketamine | Ether | Anaesthesia | null | 862ee773-a036-49ad-a84d-1144e7eebf25 | single |
Concentration of adrenaline used with local anaesthetic | Concentration of adrenaline used for local anaesthetic is 1 in 2 lakhs, (that of phenylephrine is 1 in 20,000). | 4 | 1:1,000 | 1:10,000 | 1:1,00000 | 1:2,00000 | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 084749cf-de2e-44b4-b849-e412e8f5cef9 | single |
Anaesthetic of choice for day care surgery is | “Propofol is parcularly suitable for day care surgery’ because residual impairment is less marked and shorter lasng Propofol
Propofol is a milky white powder that is preservave free; therefore, it must be used within 6 hours. It is an oil based preparaon, therefore injecon is painful.
Propofol is the most frequently ... | 3 | Thiopentone | Nitrous oxide | Propofol | Halothane | Anaesthesia | null | 1c7656bb-4e9e-4072-9dc5-43cd15e7eea5 | single |
Fluoride content is least in | (Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg no.170-171) | 4 | Enflurane | Isoflurane | Sevoflurane | Desflurane | Anaesthesia | All India exam | e5bb2ea7-947c-4378-8f75-bfd92cbfd523 | single |
Fasciculation are caused by | Fasciculations are the characteristic feature of depolarising block. Succinylcholine is the depolarising muscle relaxant. d-tubocurare, vecuronium and pancuronium are the non-depolarising muscle relaxants. | 1 | Suxamethonium | Pancuronium | d-TC | Vecuronium | Anaesthesia | Muscle relaxants | 64900aa6-187d-416d-b9a3-72130b15da19 | single |
Induction agent that may cause adrenal coex suppression is | The specific endocrine effects manifested by etomidate consist of a dose-dependent reversible inhibition of the enzyme 11b-hydroxylase, which results in decreased biosynthesis of coisol. Blockade of the cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme 11b-hydroxylase also results in decreased mineralocoicoid production and increased f... | 2 | Ketamine | Etomidate | Propofol | Thiopentone | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | 980aa12c-a592-4e38-924d-b84839c4943d | single |
Reynolds number is related to | Flow through a tube can be described by the modified Bernoulli Equation, which states: Po = P + 1/2 r*U^2 Where Po is a constant called the "stagnation pressure," P is pressure, r is density, U and is equal to fluid velocity. Pressure does not always decrease in the direction of flow - if one assumes friction is neglig... | 1 | Laminar flow | Ventimask | Dissolved oxygen in blood | Intraalveolar tension | Anaesthesia | Airway | 44f342ce-085b-4c37-ad81-8121d3d79cc8 | single |
Most potent bronchodilator among inhalational anesthetic agent is | Halothane is considered a potent bronchodilator, as it often reverses asthma-induced bronchospasm. This action is not inhibited by b-adrenergic blocking agents. Halothane attenuates airway reflexes and relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by inhibiting intracellular calcium mobilization. Halothane also depresses clearance o... | 2 | Isoflurane | Halothane | Sevoflurane | Desflurane | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | 88eb84c9-98ad-4578-8d50-eb392a00d0d7 | single |
In infant (full term) diameter (mm) length (cm) of ETT used are | C i.e. 3.5 mm, 12 cm Endotracheal Intubation Endotracheal tube is sterilized by boilingQ and cuffed E.T. tube is inflated at pressure 15-22 mmHg In neurosurgical operations Armoured Endotracheal tubeQ is used. For quick intubation, DOC is Suxamethonium.Q | 3 | 3.5, 16 | 7,12 | 3.5, 12 | 7,10 | Anaesthesia | null | 21e15a25-1253-4f54-bdb4-ce630278b014 | single |
Upper Lid Retractors include | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Levator palpabrae superioris & muller muscle The levator palpebrae superioris is the impoant upper eye lid retractor. Injury or weakness to this muscle leads to ptosis. This muscle is supplied by occulomotor (3') nerve. Deep pa of the elevator muscle is the Muller's muscle, which is sympathetically in... | 4 | Muller muscle and superior rectus | Levator palpabrae superioris and superior oblique | Superior oblique and superior rectus | Levator palpabrae superioris & muller muscle | Anaesthesia | null | 317462f8-9a21-4882-bd73-df080b0c178b | single |
The triad of general anaesthesia includes | The triad of general anesthesia : Unconsciousness (narcosis) analgesia muscle relaxation The pentad of anesthesia: Loss of consciousness loss of reflex response amnesia muscle relaxation analgesia Ref: Miller's anesthesia 8th edition Ref: Morgan & Mikhail's clinical anesthesiology 6e | 1 | Unconsciousness, analgesia and muscle relaxation | Anxiolysis, analgesia and unconsciousness | Muscle relaxation, sedation and analgesia | Dissociation, analgesia and muscle relaxation | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | f57d4468-4022-4e61-acc1-675e53df01f2 | single |
In renal failure, IV anesthetic used | Ans. D Cis-Atracurium Atracurium & cisatracurium both undergo Hoffman elimination & therefore both are safe in liver and kidney compromise. Additionally cisatracurium has lesser risk of causing seizures, so it's preferred over atracurium | 4 | Atracurium | Vivacurium | Pancuronium | Cistracurium | Anaesthesia | Non-depolarising Neuromuscular Blocking Agents | 732a704b-ced2-4b08-8f69-8f0e7f1dcb13 | single |
Amount of K+ in ringer lactate is | Ringer lactate solution include a concentration of 4mEq/L. | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Anaesthesia | Preoperative assessment and monitoring in anaesthesia | 9a6d42bd-106e-44ba-9ee5-2df00638194c | single |
Drug used in treatment of malignant hypehermia is | MH is a pharmacogenetic clinical syndrome that, in its classic form occurs during anesthesia with a volatile halogenated alkane such as halothane and/or the administration of the depolarizing muscle relaxant succinylcholine.The fulminant MH episode observed clinically produces rapidly increasing body temperature (by as... | 1 | Dantrolene | Diazepam | Paracetamol | Phenobarbitone | Anaesthesia | Complications of anaesthesia | 68fad2d9-c7c4-44f2-9005-0c80339c1694 | single |
High air way resistance is seen in | D i.e. Main bronchus Medium size airways like main bronchus has maximum resistanceQ | 4 | Respiratory bronchiole | Terminal bronchiole | Intermediate bronchiole | Main bronchus | Anaesthesia | null | a1bb2e9d-06e4-444a-bac0-253c3f2ea052 | single |
This pattern of capnograph is seen in | The shark finn pattern capnograph is seen in endotracheal tube obstruction | 2 | Spontaneous breathing | Endotracheal tube obstruction | Malignant hyperthermia | Unidirectional valve malfunction | Anaesthesia | null | 8e51a5b2-8426-4efd-b81b-02e6631a29f9 | single |
Dextrose is added to the spinal anesthetic drugs to | By adding dextrose we maKe local anaesthetic hyperbaric and prevent uncontrolled ascending of local anaesthetics The local anesthetic solutions can be made hyperbaric by the addition of glucose or hypobaric by the addition of sterile water or fentanyl. A hyperbaric solution of local anesthetic is denser (heavier) than ... | 3 | Increase duration of action | Reduce plasma levels of local anesthetic to prevent toxicity | Increase specific gravity | Hasten onset of action | Anaesthesia | Regional Anesthesia | 8ec29b0d-a3cf-4073-b8e9-b04ad686a44b | single |
Repeated use of halothane causes | A i.e. Hepatitis | 1 | Hepatitis | Pancreatitis | Encephalitis | Meningitis | Anaesthesia | null | 3dd7650c-4cd2-4db5-8b13-95dce45ac640 | single |
With a fixed performance mask such as a ventimask | Dead space in ventimask is low and rebreathing is not possible because of high flow of gas. | 3 | Rebreathing is possible | Plugging side holes increases the oxygen concentration | Total gas flow is higher than the patient’s peak inspiratory flow | There is high equipment dead space | Anaesthesia | null | 66c14f54-5f89-4097-80d4-35bdbaa42c55 | single |
Stages of anesthesia were established by | A i.e. Ether | 1 | Ether | N20 | Halothane | Chloroform | Anaesthesia | null | 937ce7a7-b9b1-4dce-970f-e062331b5b4d | single |
This is used in treatment of | This is autologous epidural blood patch, used in treatment of post dural puncture headache. | 2 | Migraine | Post dural puncture headache | Spondylolisthesis | Disc prolapse | Anaesthesia | null | 6f67ad41-3b24-47f4-8fab-cfd887fae301 | single |
For high pressure Storage of compressed gases cylinders are made up of | To withstand high pressure cylinders are made up of molybdenum and steel. | 1 | Molybdenum steel | Iron + Mo | Steel + Cu | Cast iron | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments | f7636d6b-6358-4439-aaaf-f575962ddbcb | single |
Minimum Alveolar Concentration of sevoflurane in % is | Minimum alveolar concentration is defined as alveolar concentration of an inhaled anesthetic agent that prevents movement in 50% of patients in response to a standardized surgical stimulus. Low MAC - High potency MAC values of adult Halothane : 0.75 Sevoflurane : 2.0 Isoflurane : 1.2 Desflurane : 6.0 Enflurane : 1.7 | 4 | 0.75 | 0.42 | 1.15 | 2 | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | 4863193b-edb1-4227-8fc3-79a704f318a0 | single |
If a patient starts getting convulsions following the use of Lignocaine as local anaesthetic, the Drug of choice for the control of convulsions would be | (A) Diazepam > If a patient starts getting convulsions following the use of Lignocaine as local anaesthetic, the Drug of choice for the cortrol of convulsions is the> diazepam# DIAZEPAM> Relatively lipid soluble, water insoluble; crosses placenta.> Should be administered orally or i.v. as i.v. route is slow, incomplete... | 1 | Diazepam | Chlorpromazine | Scoline | Any | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous | aa51643c-0006-4001-9dcf-6c2f9ab56f85 | single |
The most suitable agent for IV induction and maintenance in a day care surgery | PROPOFOL The active ingredient in propofol, 2,6-diisopropylphenol, is essentially insoluble in aqueous solutions and is formulated only for IV administration as a 1% (10 mg/ml) emulsion in 10% soybean oil, 2.25% glycerol, and 1.2% purified egg phosphatide. In the United States, disodium EDTA (0.05 mg/ml) or sodium meta... | 3 | Etomidate | Ketamine | Propofol | Thiopentone | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | 0fb56149-fcb7-485c-aad4-4d2d8eed1647 | single |
Success of Block 1 is assessed by | Westphal's sign (Block 1 is Epidural block) | 1 | Westphal's sign | Gutierrez sign | Loss of resistance | Crawford sign | Anaesthesia | Spinal, Epidural, & Caudal Blocks | c9fd38f3-12da-4492-a4cf-19a26d79484f | single |
Inducing agent contraindicated in asthma is | D i.e. Althesin Contraindications Steroidal agent (Althesin) is contraindicated in Porphyria and AsthamaQ Adernaline is C/I with Halothane and Ring block is C/I in finger Ether and Cylopropane are C/I with cauery Trilene is C/I with sodalime In pregnancy Gallamine and Morphine In Diabetics Ether (better answer) & Chlor... | 4 | Ketamine | Thiopentone | Propofol | Althesin | Anaesthesia | null | 5d709eff-852f-4f8c-8f78-4b2c163d7496 | single |
Colour code of oxygen cylinder is | Color coding of cylinders is introduced to prevent accidental misplacement of cylinders. | 1 | Black cylinder with white shoulders | Black cylinder with grey shoulders | White cylinder with black shoulders | Grey cylinder with white shoulders | Anaesthesia | Fundamental concepts | c32b231a-bed5-4aa9-8c74-ae4381431e6b | single |
As compared to a 10 year old child, a 1 year old child will have higher | Metabolic rate and oxygen consumption are higher in infants than in older children. Rest of the parameters in question remain the same. | 1 | Oxygen consumption | Functional residual capacity | Tidal volume | Vital capacity | Anaesthesia | null | 57caa800-66a3-4cd4-8e25-b472d324ae79 | single |
Non depolarizing neuromuscular blocker is | Non depolarising neuromuscular blocker is competitive antagonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptor. It doesn’t cause fasciculations . it is reversed by neostigmine. | 2 | Non competitive neuromuscular blocker | Reversed by neostigmine | Persistent stimulator of nicotinic cholinergic receptors | Induces fasciculations | Anaesthesia | null | 87212064-fe05-47a9-a8d9-4a0b6953e830 | single |
VAS is most widely used to measure | The visual analog scale (VAS) is a validated, subjective measure for acute and chronic pain. Scores are recorded by making a handwritten mark on a 10-cm line that represents a continuum between "no pain" and "worst pain." | 3 | Sleep | Sedation | Pain intensity | Depth of anaesthesia | Anaesthesia | Preoperative assessment and monitoring in anaesthesia | bfee869c-a7ba-4707-a8e0-bbfe3561d187 | single |
Gas used in rapid airbag inflation | Chemistry of airbagsThe inclusion of airbags in the modern automobiles has led to decrease in the automobile injuries The term airbag is a misnomer as air is not involved in the inflation processRather an airbag inflates rapidly (in about 30ms) due to explosive production of N2 gas. Sodium azide is used which rapidly d... | 1 | Sodium azide | Nitrocellulose | Mercuric nitrate | Potassium nitrate | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 409447c6-ce02-4f0d-a49c-3c22a7d940f9 | single |
Anaphylaxis is caused by | AlthesinAlthesis is a neurosteroidIt was used as a parenteral anaestheticIt was withdrawn from the market because of several severe anaphylactic reactions(Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition) | 2 | N2O | Althesin | Halothane | Propofol | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 60d61a52-1467-4a16-a371-cacb91ea4276 | single |
Most common site of Curling's ulcer | Duodenum [Ref Robbins 7/e p819; Curling's ulcer is acute peptic ulcer of the duodenum described in 1842 by Curling as a complication of burns. Cushing's ulcer is acute peptic ulcer of stomach, duodenum and esophagus seen in intracranial injury, operations or tumor. | 3 | Ileum | Stomach | Duodenum | Esophagus | Anaesthesia | null | d6ff563c-5f17-4d39-9def-b1f672e809f6 | single |
Bradycardia during anaesthesia seen ina) Pancuronium b) Vecuronium c) Atracuriumd) Propofole) Succinylcholine | Bradycardia is caused by → Succinylcholine, propofol, opioids anaesthetics (Morphine, fentanyl and its cogneres).
Tachycardia is caused by → Gallamine, Pancuronium, Rocuronium, Ketamine, Thiopentone, Methohexitone. | 4 | ab | bc | cd | de | Anaesthesia | null | cd2ec856-9903-4a91-9116-3572caba7019 | single |
Second gas effect is | The increase in the paial pressures of the other gases in the alveolar mixture resulting from the rapid uptake of high concentrations of nitrous oxide during inhalational anesthesia induction is known as the second gas effect. The second gas effect is also evident in this example: the rapid uptake of N2O and reduced al... | 3 | Displacement of N20 by Oxygen | Displacement of oxygen by N20 | Facilitation of inhalation of Halothane by N20 | Removal of oxygen by N20 from alveoli during recovery from general anaesthesia | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | 536e0ba3-fc58-4a2b-965f-b12c1c1171b2 | single |
Intravenous regional anaesthesia is contraindicated in | As tourniquet application can precipitate sickling and hypoxia, IVRA is contraindicated in sickle cell anemia. | 1 | Sickle cell disease | Thalassemia | Hereditary spherocytosis | G6PD deficiency | Anaesthesia | null | d86a75a0-2453-4cf4-a309-330d5a3bbdc3 | single |
The opioid contraindicated in patients on MAO inhibitor is | Some opioid analgesics are associated with a risk of serotonin syndrome in combinations with MAOIs due to their serotonergic propeies. 1. Dextromethorphan, 2. methadone, 3. pethidine, 4. tramadol or 5. fentanyl should be avoided in patients on MAO inhibitor. | 3 | codeine | Morphine | Fentanyl | Buprenorphine | Anaesthesia | Intravenous Anesthetic Agents | b01fa96b-7976-4a71-a709-10429d551a02 | single |
Inhalation agent incompatable with sodaline | B i.e. Trichloro ethylene Sodalime with trilene forms phosgene (neurotoxic) gas.Q So this combination is contraindicated. Sodalime is a mixture of 94% (Ca(OH)2 + 5% NaOH as catalyst + 1% KOHQ; with granule size of 4-8 meshQ. It should not be used with : The drier the sodalime, the more likely it will degrade & absorb v... | 2 | Isoflurane | Trichloro Ethylene | Methoxy flurane | Enflurane | Anaesthesia | null | 4e1a2c22-52d9-4128-9627-4289f407100e | single |
Malampatti grading is for | D i.e. Inspection of oral cavity before intubation Malampatti grading is for assessment of difficult air way (inspection of oral cavity for intubation)Q | 4 | Mobility of cervical spine | Mobility of atlanto axial joint | Assessment of free rotation of neck before intubation | Inspection of oral cavity before intubation | Anaesthesia | null | 6fbf3579-c236-44bf-82a2-8031caced3bd | single |
O2 delivery is regulated by WE | D i.e. Noval Catheter - Nasal catheter is used for 02 delivery not novel catheter. O2 is delivered through various devices. The common used methods are. | 4 | O2 tent | Venti mask | Poly mask | Noval Catheter | Anaesthesia | null | f403dd2d-9cc8-4011-8449-2c57eb9b91d5 | single |
Hepatotoxic agent is | The first modern halogenated volatile anesthetic, halothane, was introduced in 1955. Clinical exposure to halothane is associated with two distinct types of hepatic injury. Subclinical hepatotoxicity occurs in 20% of adults who receive halothane. It is characterized by mild postoperative elevations in alanine aminotran... | 4 | Ketamine | Ether | N2O | Halothane | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | 703f2b92-6af3-4913-9b47-16514c0fd94a | single |
Only anticholinergic commonly used to reverse the action of neuromuscular blocker | All the given drugs are used for neuromuscular blockade reversal, However neostigmine is the most commonly used one. | 4 | Edrophonium | Physostigmine | Pyridostigmine | Neostigmine | Anaesthesia | null | 336ac5d6-6edb-4854-bb17-f48af14099d6 | single |
Local anaesthetics act on | Local anaesthetics act on open state > inactivated state > resting state, votage gated sodium channels. | 1 | Inactivated voltage gated sodium channels | Inactivated ligand gated potassium channels | Resting ligand gated potassium channels | Resting voltage gated sodium channels | Anaesthesia | null | 5cabd296-3cea-42f1-885f-b27a2df1307b | single |
Risk of adverse effects of SCOLINE is greater in | Ans. a (Spinal cord injury) (Ref. Lee Anesthesia 12th/pg. 223 & Anaesthesia by Ajay Yadav 2nd/pg. 86-88)Potassium release following use of scoline is especially seen in patients with the following, hence the risk of adverse effects greater in them:# Burns# Cerebral palsy# Duchenne's muscular dystrophy# Spinal cord trau... | 1 | Spinal cord injury | Thoracic injury | Bone injury | Head injury | Anaesthesia | Complications Of Anaesthesia | 712757c5-380d-4260-8e66-53d7143af7e6 | single |
Percentage of thiopentone used for induction is | The usual concentration of thiopental is 2.5%. The usual doses of thiopental (3 to 4 mg/kg) and thiamylal (3 to 4 mg/kg) are approximately twice the dose of methohexital (1 to 2 mg/kg). In dose-response studies, the ED50 for thiopental ranged from 2.2 to 2.7 mg/kg, and the ED50 for methohexital was 1.1 mg/kg. Less inte... | 3 | 0.50% | 1.50% | 2.50% | 4.50% | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | eb3ab30d-b3ec-4b1d-8edf-f4afb083479c | single |
Fastest route of absorption of local anaesthetic is | The fastest route for absorption of LA is intercostal block, due to close location of blood vessel around the nerve, so that is why LA are rapidly taken by in intercostal block. | 1 | Intercostal | Epidural | Brachial | Caudal | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 53fea5dc-2dbd-4e2e-8b3f-f4bbea10293c | single |
Post Spinal Headache can last for | C i.e. 7-10 days | 3 | Upto 10 min | Upto 10 hours | 7 - 10 days | Upto 10 months | Anaesthesia | null | a117d7e8-6051-4b33-a0ab-ab8a8c36168a | single |
The cuff used in Endotracheal tube is following | Low pressure - high volume type cuffs have a comparatively large volumes and consequently large contact areas between cuff and trachea. Advantage of high volume, low pressure cuff is lesser incidence of tracheal mucosal damage. Disadvantages of high volume, low pressure cuff include: Sore throat (due to larger mucosal ... | 1 | Low pressure - high volume | High pressure - low volume | Variable pressure - low volume | Low pressure - low volume | Anaesthesia | Airway | fc8f2d7d-59bf-4895-a8c0-ee13964fef12 | single |
Mendelson's syndrome is | D i.e. Aspiration of gastric content - Mendelson's syndrome is d/t aspiration of gastric contentQ - It is prevented by Sellick's maneuver i.e. backward pressure on cricoid cailageQ. | 4 | Air leak | Tracheal rupture during intubation | Oesophageal rupture | Aspiration of gastric content | Anaesthesia | null | fa4b5206-1b5e-4263-87b1-5d8c562d26eb | single |
Sellick's maneuver is used for | Ans. (b) To prevent gastric aspirationRef : Miller's Anaesthesia 7th ed. 12430* Sellick s manuever is a method of preventing regurgitation of an anesthesized patient during endotracheal intubation by applying pressure to the cricoid cartilage.* Or in other words, Sellicks maneuver is application of backward pressure on... | 2 | To prevent alveolar collapse | To prevent gastric aspiration | To facilitate Respiration | To reduce dead space | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous General Anesthesia | 0dcf4c5d-206f-4e8a-b92a-94e322b6f7a7 | single |
Local anesthetic that can cause Methemoglobinemia | Ans. b (Prilocaine) (Ref. KDT 5th ed., 325; Anaesthsia by Ajay Yadav 3rd ed., 218-appendix; 114)Local anesthetic is associated with the risk of Methemoglobinemia- Prilocaine.PRILOCAINE# Prilocaine is an amide type local anesthetic agent.# Safest Local Anesthetic# Metabolized in liver, kidney and lung# Maximum safest do... | 2 | Ropivacaine | Prilocaine | Amethocaine | Bupivacaine | Anaesthesia | Local and Regional Anesthesia | 736c4393-2b23-4527-ba3f-3194526cefac | single |
Bradycardia is common after injection of | Succinylchole is the only muscle relaxant, which stimulates vague nerve - BRADYCARDIA.(attenuates tachycardia and hypeension) This effect is more predominant in the pediatric age group. Therefore, I. V. Atropine is given prior to the first dose of scholine in the children and prior to the second dose in the adults. Ref... | 2 | Midazolam | Succinylcholine | Dopamine | Isoprenaline | Anaesthesia | Muscle relaxants | b6c2b95a-aea7-4c81-bbfb-821302c85bf1 | single |
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