Datasets:

Shushant
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BiomedicalQuestionAnsweringDataset

Unnamed: 0.1 int64 1 131k	Unnamed: 0 int64 1 130k	id stringlengths 6 24	title stringclasses 2 values	context stringlengths 151 44k	question stringlengths 2 25.7k	answers stringlengths 32 440
56,589	56,247	5a67da4df038b7001ab0c4a0	generic	The standard specifies how speed ratings should be reported by the camera. If the noise-based speed (40:1) is higher than the saturation-based speed, the noise-based speed should be reported, rounded downwards to a standard value (e.g. 200, 250, 320, or 400). The rationale is that exposure according to the lower satura...	Is the SOS rounded up or down?	{'text': 'upwards', 'answer_start': 663}
72,826	72,484	57271bf2dd62a815002e9918	generic	Comcast was given an "F" for its corporate governance practices in 2010, by Corporate Library, an independent shareholder-research organization. According to Corporate Library, Comcast's board of directors ability to oversee and control management was severely compromised (at least in 2010) by the fact that several of ...	How much did Comcast pay for flights of its company jet in 2010?	{'text': '$40 million', 'answer_start': 580}
32,075	31,733	5a836015e60761001a2eb621	generic	Like aluminium, copper is 100% recyclable without any loss of quality, regardless of whether it is in a raw state or contained in a manufactured product. In volume, copper is the third most recycled metal after iron and aluminium. It is estimated that 80% of the copper ever mined is still in use today. According to the...	What is the amount of copper stolen, per capita, globally?	{'text': '35–55 kg', 'answer_start': 443}
74,294	73,952	5727c28c3acd2414000debdf	generic	New Haven was the host of the 1995 Special Olympics World Summer Games; then-President Bill Clinton spoke at the opening ceremonies. The city is home to the Pilot Pen International tennis event, which takes place every August at the Connecticut Tennis Center, one of the largest tennis venues in the world. New Haven bia...	In what year did New Haven host the Special Olympic Summer World Games?	{'text': '1995', 'answer_start': 30}
60,668	60,326	57266960dd62a815002e840d	generic	At the end of the 16th century, England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia, forming private joint-stock companies to finance the voyages—the English, later British, East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1600 and 1602 respectively. The primary aim of...	When was the Dutch East India Company chartered?	{'text': '1602', 'answer_start': 283}
30,170	29,828	57062c9b52bb891400689934	generic	As sound scholar Jonathan Sterne notes, "An Australian hacker acquired l3enc using a stolen credit card. The hacker then reverse-engineered the software, wrote a new user interface, and redistributed it for free, naming it "thank you Fraunhofer"".	What did the hacker use to acquire the software?	{'text': 'stolen credit card', 'answer_start': 85}
111,122	110,780	5ace99c932bba1001ae4ac48	generic	During World War II, the development of the anti-aircraft proximity fuse required an electronic circuit that could withstand being fired from a gun, and could be produced in quantity. The Centralab Division of Globe Union submitted a proposal which met the requirements: a ceramic plate would be screenprinted with metal...	Mr. Rubenstein was honored in 1994 by which university?	{'text': 'the University of Wisconsin-Madison', 'answer_start': 984}
65,367	65,025	5acfcabb77cf76001a686010	generic	The term Cubism did not come into general usage until 1911, mainly with reference to Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay, and Léger. In 1911, the poet and critic Guillaume Apollinaire accepted the term on behalf of a group of artists invited to exhibit at the Brussels Indépendants. The following year, in preparation for the S...	Which poet critic in 1911 with a group of poets rejected the term Cubism?	{'text': 'Guillaume Apollinaire', 'answer_start': 155}
4,505	4,163	56d104d117492d1400aab73f	generic	Each year HHC's facilities provide about 225,000 admissions, one million emergency room visits and five million clinic visits to New Yorkers. HHC facilities treat nearly one-fifth of all general hospital discharges and more than one third of emergency room and hospital-based clinic visits in New York City.	How many people visit HHC emergency rooms every year?	{'text': 'one million', 'answer_start': 61}
9,667	9,325	56dee2b8c65bf219000b3dd5	generic	In 1987, occupations and units with the primary role of preparing for direct involvement in combat on the ground or at sea were still closed to women: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery, signals, field engineers, and naval operations. On 5 February 1987, the Minister of National Defence cr...	What was the study called?	{'text': 'Combat-Related Employment of Women', 'answer_start': 425}
70,421	70,079	5ad407aa604f3c001a3ffeb1	generic	It established a colony at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Two years later, a flotilla of seven ships left England under the Company's Admiral, Sir George Somers, and the new Governor of Jamestown, Sir Thomas Gates, with several hundred settlers, food and supplies to relieve the colony of Jamestown. Somers had previous e...	What was established in 1706?	{'text': 'a colony at Jamestown, Virginia', 'answer_start': 15}
67,674	67,332	572789bff1498d1400e8fb41	generic	Switzerland lies between latitudes 45° and 48° N, and longitudes 5° and 11° E. It contains three basic topographical areas: the Swiss Alps to the south, the Swiss Plateau or Central Plateau, and the Jura mountains on the west. The Alps are a high mountain range running across the central-south of the country, comprisin...	How much of Switzerland's total area do the Alps comprise?	{'text': '60%', 'answer_start': 328}
117,183	116,841	5ad0185377cf76001a6869b2	generic	To the southwest, the principality of Halych had developed trade relations with its Polish, Hungarian and Lithuanian neighbours and emerged as the local successor to Kievan Rus'. In 1199, Prince Roman Mstislavich united the two previously separate principalities. In 1202 he conquered Kiev, and assumed the title of Gran...	What did the patriarch of the Western Orthodox Church grant?	{'text': 'King of Poland a metropolitan for his Russian subjects', 'answer_start': 697}
80,150	79,808	5727f2a54b864d190016407e	generic	USB 2.0 provides for a maximum cable length of 5 meters for devices running at Hi Speed (480 Mbit/s). The primary reason for this limit is the maximum allowed round-trip delay of about 1.5 μs. If USB host commands are unanswered by the USB device within the allowed time, the host considers the command lost. When adding...	What does theUSB 2.0 specification require?	{'text': 'cable delay be less than 5.2 ns per meter', 'answer_start': 527}
87,476	87,134	5728d8654b864d1900164f62	generic	In 1873, one of the first papers in modern medicine on the subject tried to explain the pathophysiology of the disease while one in 1872, concluded that asthma can be cured by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment. Medical treatment in 1880, included the use of intravenous doses of a drug called pilocarpin. In 188...	When was the first paper written about asthma?	{'text': 'In 1873', 'answer_start': 0}
119,885	119,543	57320fc50fdd8d15006c6740	generic	Incubation, which optimises temperature for chick development, usually begins after the last egg has been laid. In monogamous species incubation duties are often shared, whereas in polygamous species one parent is wholly responsible for incubation. Warmth from parents passes to the eggs through brood patches, areas of ...	How many days is the incubation period for woodpeckers?	{'text': '10 days', 'answer_start': 685}
104,354	104,012	5a773cbb2d6d7f001a4a9f71	generic	In the 2000s, more Venezuelans opposing the economic and political policies of president Hugo Chávez migrated to the United States (mostly to Florida, but New York City and Houston are other destinations). The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida, especially the suburbs of Doral...	Where is the largest concentration of Floridians?	{'text': 'South Florida', 'answer_start': 274}
117,610	117,268	5730b14b069b531400832272	generic	The most important archaeological discoveries in Sumer are a large number of tablets written in cuneiform. Sumerian writing, while proven to be not the oldest example of writing on earth, is considered to be a great milestone in the development of man's ability to not only create historical records but also in creating...	What is Sumerian writing considered to be in the development of man's ability to create literature?	{'text': 'milestone', 'answer_start': 216}
126,494	126,152	5a82119631013a001a33519d	generic	Humanists reacted against this utilitarian approach and the narrow pedantry associated with it. They sought to create a citizenry (frequently including women) able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and thus capable of engaging the civic life of their communities and persuading others to virtuous and prudent...	What was the least pervasive cultural mode?	{'text': 'Humanism', 'answer_start': 613}
64,633	64,291	5727784ddd62a815002e9dbb	generic	The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result there was de...	What do many scholars regard the Late Middle Ages as the beginning of?	{'text': 'modern history and early modern Europe', 'answer_start': 138}
53,670	53,328	57261636271a42140099d460	generic	Different cultures have evolved various ways of creating clothes out of cloth. One approach simply involves draping the cloth. Many people wore, and still wear, garments consisting of rectangles of cloth wrapped to fit – for example, the dhoti for men and the sari for women in the Indian subcontinent, the Scottish kilt...	Many people still wear clothes that are what shape?	{'text': 'rectangles', 'answer_start': 184}
91,800	91,458	5728d0f4ff5b5019007da732	generic	The security of Paris is mainly the responsibility of the Prefecture of Police of Paris, a subdivision of the Ministry of the Interior of France. It supervises the units of the National Police who patrol the city and the three neighbouring departments. It is also responsible for providing emergency services, including ...	How many vehicles are in the fleet?	{'text': '6,000', 'answer_start': 482}
124,725	124,383	57325c2fe99e3014001e6718	generic	Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see them...	Holden acknowledges that defectors are seldom allowed a what from the church?	{'text': 'dignified exit', 'answer_start': 588}
55,108	54,766	5a6227aaf8d794001af1be99	generic	Shell was vertically integrated and is active in every area of the oil and gas industry, including exploration and production, refining, distribution and marketing, petrochemicals, power generation and trading. It has minor renewable energy activities in the form of biofuels and wind. It has operations in over 90 count...	How many countries does Shell have renewable energy activities in?	{'text': 'over 90 countries', 'answer_start': 307}
74,784	74,442	57277595708984140094de37	generic	Many towns in Croatia's Kvarner region (and in other parts of the country) observe the Carnival period, incorporating local traditions and celebrating local culture. Just before the end of Carnival, every Kvarner town burns a man-like doll called a "Jure Piškanac", who is blamed for all the strife of the previous year....	Who is blamed for all the strife of the previous year?	{'text': 'Jure Piškanac', 'answer_start': 250}
55,531	55,189	5a3a0cbe2f14dd001ac726da	generic	In intelligent mammals, such as primates, the cerebrum is larger relative to the rest of the brain. Intelligence itself is not easy to define, but indications of intelligence include the ability to learn, matched with behavioral flexibility. Rats, for example, are considered to be highly intelligent, as they can learn ...	With primates, what is related to intelligence?	{'text': 'food gathering', 'answer_start': 435}
73,268	72,926	5ad4124d604f3c001a400237	generic	NAACP had many problem's with JFK's "token" proposal. They wanted jobs. One day after the order took effect, NAACP labor secretary Herbert Hill filed complaints against the hiring and promoting practices of Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. Lockheed was doing business with the Defense Department on the first billion-dolla...	Which company was targeted by the NAACP for having fair practices?	{'text': 'Lockheed Aircraft Corporation', 'answer_start': 207}
97,460	97,118	572a8062f75d5e190021fb10	generic	During World War II, Hayek began the ‘Abuse of Reason’ project. His goal was to show how a number of then-popular doctrines and beliefs had a common origin in some fundamental misconceptions about the social science. In his philosophy of science, which has much in common with that of his good friend Karl Popper, Hayek ...	Whose beliefs in scientific philosophy were similar to Hayek's?	{'text': 'Karl Popper', 'answer_start': 301}
123,264	122,922	573259a4b9d445190005ea8e	generic	Protestants also took the initiative in advocating for religious freedom. Freedom of conscience had high priority on the theological, philosophical, and political agendas since Luther refused to recant his beliefs before the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire at Worms (1521). In his view, faith was a free work of the Holy S...	Where did Luther refuse to change his beliefs?	{'text': 'Worms', 'answer_start': 258}
58,891	58,549	5a15c0eea54d4200185294d1	generic	Another limitation of current U.S. Intellectual Property legislation is its focus on individual and joint works; thus, copyright protection can only be obtained in 'original' works of authorship. This definition excludes any works that are the result of community creativity, for example Native American songs and storie...	What bias is eliminated by asking native cultures to write down their cultural artifacts?	{'text': 'Western', 'answer_start': 579}
3,638	3,296	56cece5caab44d1400b88a9d	generic	The Red Cross Society of China flew 557 tents and 2,500 quilts valued at 788,000 yuan (US$113,000) to Wenchuan County. The Amity Foundation already began relief work in the region and has earmarked US$143,000 for disaster relief. The Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs said that they have provided 30,000 tents for those ...	How much were both supplies worth?	{'text': '788,000 yuan', 'answer_start': 73}
36,074	35,732	570ace2c4103511400d59a1b	generic	The Late Triassic spans from 237 million to 200 million years ago. Following the bloom of the Middle Triassic, the Late Triassic featured frequent heat spells, as well as moderate precipitation (10-20 inches per year). The recent warming led to a boom of reptilian evolution on land as the first true dinosaurs evolve, a...	Besides moderate precipitation, what weather conditions did the Late Triassic have?	{'text': 'heat spells', 'answer_start': 147}
89,014	88,672	5728484a3acd2414000df873	generic	The Obama administration began to reengage in Iraq with a series of airstrikes aimed at ISIS beginning on 10 August 2014. On 9 September 2014 President Obama said that he had the authority he needed to take action to destroy the militant group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, citing the 2001 Authoriza...	When did Obama launch airstrikes on ISIS?	{'text': '10 August 2014', 'answer_start': 106}
77,879	77,537	5a8263fae60761001a2eb237	generic	In October 2015, TCM announced the launch of the TCM Wineclub, in which they teamed up with Laithwaite to provide a line of mail-order wines from famous vineyards such as famed writer-director-producer Francis Ford Coppola's winery. Wines are available in 3 month subscriptions, and can be selected as reds, whites, or a...	How long do True Grit subscriptions last?	{'text': '3 month', 'answer_start': 256}
70,432	70,090	5ad40858604f3c001a3ffee3	generic	In 1610, all but three of the survivors of the Sea Venture sailed on to Jamestown. Among them was John Rolfe, whose wife and child died and were buried in Bermuda. Later in Jamestown he married Pocahontas, a daughter of the powerful Powhatan, leader of a large confederation of about 30 Algonquian-speaking tribes in coa...	Who did Rolfe John marry?	{'text': 'Pocahontas,', 'answer_start': 194}
117,100	116,758	5ad0101877cf76001a68686e	generic	Vladimir had been prince of Novgorod when his father Sviatoslav I died in 972. He was forced to flee to Scandinavia in 976 after his half-brother Yaropolk had murdered his other brother Oleg and taken control of Rus. In Scandinavia, with the help of his relative Earl Håkon Sigurdsson, ruler of Norway, Vladimir assemble...	Where did Vladimir live in the 900s?	{'text': 'Novgorod', 'answer_start': 28}
64,317	63,975	5727284add62a815002e9968	generic	Bohemia prospered in the 14th century, and the Golden Bull of 1356 made the king of Bohemia first among the imperial electors, but the Hussite revolution threw the country into crisis. The Holy Roman Empire passed to the Habsburgs in 1438, where it remained until its dissolution in 1806. Yet in spite of the extensive t...	In what year was the Holy Roman Empire dissolved?	{'text': '1806', 'answer_start': 283}
65,388	65,046	5acfcb8d77cf76001a686059	generic	At the Salon d'Automne of the same year, in addition to the Indépendants group of Salle 41, were exhibited works by André Lhote, Marcel Duchamp, Jacques Villon, Roger de La Fresnaye, André Dunoyer de Segonzac and František Kupka. The exhibition was reviewed in the October 8, 1911 issue of The New York Times. This artic...	List the artists who weren't featured in the Salon d'Automne?	{'text': 'André Dunoyer de Segonzac and František Kupka', 'answer_start': 183}
86,272	85,930	572834fd2ca10214002da0b6	generic	Life with PlayStation, released on September 18, 2008 to succeed Folding@home, was retired November 6, 2012. Life with PlayStation used virtual globe data to display news and information by city. Along with Folding@home functionality, the application provided access to three other information "channels", the first bein...	What's was Life's channel that delivered information about history topics?	{'text': 'World Heritage', 'answer_start': 554}
5,964	5,622	56d2675b59d6e41400145f75	generic	According to the scriptures, soon after the parinirvāṇa (from Sanskrit: "highest extinguishment") of Gautama Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held. As with any ancient Indian tradition, transmission of teaching was done orally. The primary purpose of the assembly was to collectively recite the teachings to ensure...	Some sources say that discourse of who else were recited along with Buddha's?	{'text': 'abhidhamma', 'answer_start': 562}
54,829	54,487	57264890f1498d1400e8db14	generic	Greece was eventually occupied by the Nazis who proceeded to administer Athens and Thessaloniki, while other regions of the country were given to Nazi Germany's partners, Fascist Italy and Bulgaria. The occupation brought about terrible hardships for the Greek civilian population. Over 100,000 civilians died of starvat...	How many Greeks starved due to Nazi occupation?	{'text': 'Over 100,000', 'answer_start': 282}
118,600	118,258	5acfebcd77cf76001a6864d1	generic	The malaria problem seems to be compounded by the AIDS epidemic. Research has shown that in Namibia the risk of contracting malaria is 14.5% greater if a person is also infected with HIV. The risk of death from malaria is also raised by approximately 50% with a concurrent HIV infection. Given infection rates this large...	How many health professionals in total did Namibia have in 2002?	{'text': '598', 'answer_start': 494}
106,907	106,565	572f671cb2c2fd14005680df	generic	This method produces the clear plastic blank part of the disc. After a metallic reflecting layer (usually aluminium, but sometimes gold or other metal) is applied to the clear blank substrate, the disc goes under a UV light for curing and it is ready to go to press. To prepare to press a CD, a glass master is made, usi...	What is a glass master?	{'text': 'positive image of the desired CD surface', 'answer_start': 402}
16,962	16,620	5a21d7a58a6e4f001aa08f5d	generic	The law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches. Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important part. In 1929 Pius ...	What was finalized in 1958?	{'text': 'Codes for the Eastern Churches', 'answer_start': 451}
129,229	128,887	57345641acc1501500babe04	generic	Richmond is not home to any major league professional sports teams, but since 2013, the Washington Redskins of the National Football League have held their summer training camp in the city. There are also several minor league sports in the city, including the Richmond Kickers of the USL Professional Division (third tie...	What sport do the Richmond Kickers compete in?	{'text': 'soccer', 'answer_start': 334}
13,192	12,850	56df27123277331400b4d9c0	generic	The merger made Columbia and Epic sister labels to RCA Records, which was once owned by RCA which also owned CBS rival NBC. It also started the process of bringing BMG's Arista Records back under common ownership with its former parent Columbia Pictures, a Sony division since 1989, and also brought Arista founder Clive...	Who is the CCO of Sony Music?	{'text': 'Clive Davis', 'answer_start': 315}
26,153	25,811	56f8f65b9b226e1400dd1203	generic	The use of the term Middle East as a region of international affairs apparently began in British and American diplomatic circles quite independently of each other over concern for the security of the same country: Iran, then known to the west as Persia. In 1900 Thomas Edward Gordon published an article, The Problem of ...	What was Iran known as to the west?	{'text': 'Persia', 'answer_start': 246}
87,452	87,110	5728d2b3ff5b5019007da775	generic	The prognosis for asthma is generally good, especially for children with mild disease. Mortality has decreased over the last few decades due to better recognition and improvement in care. Globally it causes moderate or severe disability in 19.4 million people as of 2004 (16 million of which are in low and middle income...	How many cases that are diagnosed in childhood make it past 10 years with asthma?	{'text': 'half of cases will no longer carry the diagnosis after a decade', 'answer_start': 371}
102,615	102,273	572e9b5e03f9891900756825	generic	In the early 21st century the Cypriot economy has diversified and become prosperous. However, in 2012 it became affected by the Eurozone financial and banking crisis. In June 2012, the Cypriot government announced it would need €1.8 billion in foreign aid to support the Cyprus Popular Bank, and this was followed by Fit...	What affected the Cypriot economy in 2012?	{'text': 'Eurozone financial and banking crisis', 'answer_start': 128}
114,964	114,622	5ad3c8e4604f3c001a3ff083	generic	Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath...	What song of Whitehead's is now considered a primary source of process philosophy?	{'text': 'Process and Reality', 'answer_start': 603}
78,898	78,556	5ad259d1d7d075001a428e15	generic	Another who contributed significantly to the spirituality of the order is Albertus Magnus, the only person of the period to be given the appellation "Great". His influence on the brotherhood permeated nearly every aspect of Dominican life. Albert was a scientist, philosopher, astrologer, theologian, spiritual writer, e...	What was Albert Magnus not also known as "Albert the what?	{'text': 'Great', 'answer_start': 150}
106,949	106,607	572f6b14a23a5019007fc5f3	generic	Due to technical limitations, the original ReWritable CD could be written no faster than 4x speed. High Speed ReWritable CD has a different design, which permits writing at speeds ranging from 4x to 12x. Original CD-RW drives can only write to original ReWritable CDs. High Speed CD-RW drives can typically write to both...	How fast could the first ReWritable CD be written?	{'text': '4x speed', 'answer_start': 89}
90,268	89,926	5728a5ce4b864d1900164b6c	generic	The failure of democratic parties to prevent fascism from taking over Austrian politics in the 1920s and 1930s traumatised Popper. He suffered from the direct consequences of this failure, since events after the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria by the German Reich in 1938, forced him into permanent exile. His most ...	What political ideology dominated Austrian politics in the decades before the second world war?	{'text': 'fascism', 'answer_start': 45}
83,505	83,163	5727cd9b3acd2414000decd7	generic	Oklahoma is between the Great Plains and the Ozark Plateau in the Gulf of Mexico watershed, generally sloping from the high plains of its western boundary to the low wetlands of its southeastern boundary. Its highest and lowest points follow this trend, with its highest peak, Black Mesa, at 4,973 feet (1,516 m) above s...	How many feet above sea level is Oklahoma's lowest point?	{'text': '289', 'answer_start': 522}
55,306	54,964	57263b9538643c19005ad346	generic	In the beginning of 1996, several human rights groups brought cases to hold Shell accountable for alleged human rights violations in Nigeria, including summary execution, crimes against humanity, torture, inhumane treatment and arbitrary arrest and detention. In particular, Shell stood accused of collaborating in the e...	Shell was accused of participating in the execution of which southern Nigerian tribal leader?	{'text': 'Ken Saro-Wiwa', 'answer_start': 332}
11,941	11,599	56df5a5596943c1400a5d3fe	generic	In 1945, Plymouth-born Michael Foot was elected Labour MP for the war-torn constituency of Plymouth Devonport and after serving as Secretary of State for Education and responsible for the 1974 Health and Safety at Work Act, went on to become one of the most distinguished leaders of the Labour party.	What party did Michael Foot become a leader of?	{'text': 'Labour', 'answer_start': 48}
129,889	129,547	573452bb879d6814001ca51b	generic	Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over...	How much money is distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs each year?	{'text': '$200 million', 'answer_start': 18}
39,297	38,955	570c34086b8089140040fc2d	generic	FBI Directors are appointed by the President of the United States. They must be confirmed by the United States Senate and serve a term of office of five years, with a maximum of ten years, if reappointed, unless they resign or are fired by the President before their term ends. J. Edgar Hoover, appointed by Calvin Cooli...	What legislative body confirms FBI directors?	{'text': 'United States Senate', 'answer_start': 97}
130,086	129,744	5aceaad432bba1001ae4af79	generic	The Arabian oryx, a species of large antelope, once inhabited much of the desert areas of the Middle East. However, the species' striking appearance made it (along with the closely related scimitar-horned oryx and addax) a popular quarry for sport hunters, especially foreign executives of oil companies working in the r...	What feature in land areas of the Middle East first attracted foreign oil executives?	{'text': 'striking appearance', 'answer_start': 129}
113,661	113,319	572ff27bb2c2fd1400568629	generic	The term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and ary- (Parthian...	What Proto-Indo-European term means "skillful assembler?"	{'text': '*ar-yo-', 'answer_start': 450}
83,575	83,233	5727d4022ca10214002d9776	generic	In 1995, Oklahoma City was the site of one of the most destructive acts of domestic terrorism in American history. The Oklahoma City bombing of April 19, 1995, in which Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols detonated an explosive outside of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, killed 168 people, including 19 children. Th...	When was McVeigh executed?	{'text': 'June 11, 2001', 'answer_start': 434}
58,158	57,816	572897fe2ca10214002da4a1	generic	A few special additions enhance the language-learning experience. For example, BYU's International Cinema, featuring films in several languages, is the largest and longest-running university-run foreign film program in the country. As already noted, BYU also offers an intensive foreign language living experience, the F...	What is the name of BYU's foreign language living experience?	{'text': 'Foreign Language Student Residence', 'answer_start': 319}
10,160	9,818	5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac4	generic	While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of...	Who upheld the cap on cardinals in the College of the Cardinals?	{'text': 'Pope John XXIII', 'answer_start': 561}
120,965	120,623	57312d39497a881900248c13	generic	Egypt (i/ˈiːdʒɪpt/; Arabic: مِصر‎ Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: مَصر Maṣr, Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khemi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia, via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is the world's only contiguous Eurafrasi...	How larger is Egypt?	{'text': '1,010,408 square kilometres', 'answer_start': 360}
5,019	4,677	56ce7cbbaab44d1400b88805	generic	The International Energy Agency has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces:	Which organization believes that solar energy can solve some of our most pressing issues?	{'text': 'The International Energy Agency', 'answer_start': 0}
75,042	74,700	5a316d78e4dcb1001abb22f0	generic	Another milestone in the early development of Baptist doctrine was in 1638 with John Spilsbury, a Calvinistic minister who helped to promote the strict practice of believer's baptism by immersion. According to Tom Nettles, professor of historical theology at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, "Spilsbury's cogent ar...	When did John Spilsbury create the strict practice of immersion?	{'text': '1638', 'answer_start': 70}
30,663	30,321	5ad29173d7d075001a429aa9	generic	In the late 1980s, Nu Groove Records prolonged, if not launched the careers of Rheji Burrell & Rhano Burrell, collectively known as Burrell (after a brief stay on Virgin America via Timmy Regisford and Frank Mendez), along with basically every relevant DJ and Producer in the NY underground scene. The Burrell's are resp...	What label were the Mendez's briefly with before their success?	{'text': 'Virgin America', 'answer_start': 163}
52,481	52,139	57260e0d89a1e219009ac1a3	generic	In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia). The marshy ground was watered by the river Tyburn, which still flows below the courtyard and south wing of the palace. Where the river was fordable (at Cow Ford), the village of Eye Cross grew. Ownership of the site c...	What was the name of the manor that previously existed on the site?	{'text': 'Manor of Ebury', 'answer_start': 69}
99,722	99,380	572b459134ae481900dead72	generic	John Dewey (1859–1952) modified James' pragmatism to form a theory known as instrumentalism. The role of sense experience in Dewey's theory is crucial, in that he saw experience as unified totality of things through which everything else is interrelated. Dewey's basic thought, in accordance with empiricism was that rea...	What did Dewey think about reality?	{'text': 'reality is determined by past experience', 'answer_start': 317}
92,158	91,816	5728d807ff5b5019007da7fc	generic	A lot of temples dedicated to Apollo were built in Greece and in the Greek colonies, and they show the spread of the cult of Apollo, and the evolution of the Greek architecture, which was mostly based on the rightness of form, and on mathematical relations. Some of the earliest temples, especially in Crete, don't belon...	What buildings were originally rectangle wood structures?	{'text': 'peripteral temples', 'answer_start': 366}
50,369	50,027	572639beec44d21400f3dc63	generic	In some countries anti-Masonry is often related to antisemitism and anti-Zionism. For example, In 1980, the Iraqi legal and penal code was changed by Saddam Hussein's ruling Ba'ath Party, making it a felony to "promote or acclaim Zionist principles, including Freemasonry, or who associate [themselves] with Zionist orga...	Who suggested the September 11 attacks on the United States were inspired by a masonic world order?	{'text': 'Professor Andrew Prescott', 'answer_start': 332}
89,668	89,326	5728ca18ff5b5019007da6b1	generic	At the end of the 1980s, Estonians perceived their demographic change as a national catastrophe. This was a result of the migration policies essential to the Soviet Nationalisation Programme aiming to russify Estonia – administrative and military immigration of non-Estonians from the USSR coupled with the deportation o...	What Russian institutions were removed in the decade following Estonia's reclaim of independence?	{'text': 'Russian military bases', 'answer_start': 470}
99,718	99,376	5a57ff0c770dc0001aeeff25	generic	Around the beginning of the 20th century, William James (1842–1910) coined the term "radical empiricism" to describe an offshoot of his form of pragmatism, which he argued could be dealt with separately from his pragmatism – though in fact the two concepts are intertwined in James's published lectures. James maintained...	What methodology by James is roundly accepted today?	{'text': 'radical empiricism', 'answer_start': 591}
16,188	15,846	56e07bc7231d4119001ac1c4	generic	The American professor Robert H. Goddard had worked on developing solid-fuel rockets since 1914, and demonstrated a light battlefield rocket to the US Army Signal Corps only five days before the signing of the armistice that ended World War I. He also started developing liquid-fueled rockets in 1921; yet he had not bee...	Liquid-fueled rockets were developed in what year?	{'text': '1921', 'answer_start': 296}
45,616	45,274	57101004b654c5140001f79c	generic	Other capital crimes include: the use of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death, espionage, terrorism, certain violations of the Geneva Conventions that result in the death of one or more persons, and treason at the federal level; aggravated rape in Louisiana, Florida, and Oklahoma; extortionate kidnapping in ...	In what state is armed robbery a capital crime?	{'text': 'Georgia', 'answer_start': 514}
106,432	106,090	5ad2298ed7d075001a428592	generic	The language of the Quran has been described as "rhymed prose" as it partakes of both poetry and prose; however, this description runs the risk of failing to convey the rhythmic quality of Quranic language, which is more poetic in some parts and more prose-like in others. Rhyme, while found throughout the Quran, is con...	Which suras in the Quran are particularly non-rhythmic?	{'text': 'earlier Meccan suras', 'answer_start': 344}
60,543	60,201	5a5fdc90eae51e001ab14cbd	generic	In late 1994, Marvel acquired the comic book distributor Heroes World Distribution to use as its own exclusive distributor. As the industry's other major publishers made exclusive distribution deals with other companies, the ripple effect resulted in the survival of only one other major distributor in North America, Di...	What was the only North American distribution company to go under?	{'text': 'Diamond Comic Distributors Inc', 'answer_start': 318}
106,391	106,049	572eb523dfa6aa1500f8d2e0	generic	Belief is a fundamental aspect of morality in the Quran, and scholars have tried to determine the semantic contents of "belief" and "believer" in the Quran. The ethico-legal concepts and exhortations dealing with righteous conduct are linked to a profound awareness of God, thereby emphasizing the importance of faith, a...	Which month is designated for fasting in the Quran?	{'text': 'Ramadan', 'answer_start': 1035}
28,993	28,651	57070d4b9e06ca38007e932d	generic	Due to the often political and cultural contours of blackness in the United States, the notion of blackness can also be extended to non-black people. Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States, because, as she put it, he displayed "almost every trope of blackness". Chris...	Who described Bill Clinton as "Black"?	{'text': 'Toni Morrison', 'answer_start': 150}
22,621	22,279	5ad4a8225b96ef001a109d20	generic	When their migratory movements ended, there appeared among the Slavs the first rudiments of state organizations, each headed by a prince with a treasury and a defense force. Moreover, it was the beginnings of class differentiation, and nobles pledged allegiance either to the Frankish/ Holy Roman Emperors or the Byzanti...	What did the beginnings of class differentiation end?	{'text': 'their migratory movements', 'answer_start': 5}
7,714	7,372	56db7278e7c41114004b5126	generic	The coverage of the events by the media came under scrutiny during the relay. Chinese media coverage of the torch relay has been distinct in a number of ways from coverage elsewhere. Western reporters in Beijing have described Chinese media coverage as partial and censored (for example when Chinese media did not broadc...	Chinese State Press said what French newspaper was biased?	{'text': 'Libération', 'answer_start': 502}
71,788	71,446	5acf76e677cf76001a684e85	generic	Small, cheap discoidal ceramic capacitors have existed since the 1930s, and remain in widespread use. Since the 1980s, surface mount packages for capacitors have been widely used. These packages are extremely small and lack connecting leads, allowing them to be soldered directly onto the surface of printed circuit boar...	What is one inconvenience of using surface mount components?	{'text': 'simplify automated assembly', 'answer_start': 411}
82,723	82,381	5727c79f3acd2414000dec2d	generic	Various auto racing organizations hold exhibition events; these events usually award no championship points to participants, but they do offer prize money to participants. The NASCAR Sprint Cup Series holds two exhibition events annually - the Sprint Unlimited, held at Daytona International Speedway at the start of the...	How many exhibition events per year does the NASCAR Sprint Cup have?	{'text': 'two', 'answer_start': 207}
42,848	42,506	570de84b0b85d914000d7ba9	generic	During the Cambrian period, Gondwana had a mild climate. West Antarctica was partially in the Northern Hemisphere, and during this period large amounts of sandstones, limestones and shales were deposited. East Antarctica was at the equator, where sea floor invertebrates and trilobites flourished in the tropical seas. B...	Where was east Antarctica during the Cambrian period?	{'text': 'equator', 'answer_start': 232}
96,153	95,811	5acd1a0207355d001abf34f5	generic	Another energy-related concept is called the Lagrangian, after Joseph-Louis Lagrange. This formalism is as fundamental as the Hamiltonian, and both can be used to derive the equations of motion or be derived from them. It was invented in the context of classical mechanics, but is generally useful in modern physics. The...	Is the Lagrange formalism or the Hamiltonian more convenient for conservative systems?	{'text': 'Lagrange formalism', 'answer_start': 406}
49,038	48,696	5acfbce377cf76001a685b88	generic	The Umayyads have met with a largely negative reception from later Islamic historians, who have accused them of promoting a kingship (mulk, a term with connotations of tyranny) instead of a true caliphate (khilafa). In this respect it is notable that the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as khalifat rasul Alla...	What histories were written outside the Abbasid court?	{'text': 'Tabari and Baladhuri', 'answer_start': 1015}
27,173	26,831	5ad3c65a604f3c001a3ff023	generic	Standard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate of 25 frame/s, causing a speedup o...	The technique in which with successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields, and the next is held for two, isn't called what?	{'text': '3:2 Pulldown:', 'answer_start': 560}
50,567	50,225	572519c80a492a19004356f8	generic	Freemasonry, as it exists in various forms all over the world, has a membership estimated by the United Grand Lodge of England at around six million worldwide. The fraternity is administratively organised into independent Grand Lodges (or sometimes Grand Orients), each of which governs its own Masonic jurisdiction, whi...	How large is the membership of Freemasonry?	{'text': 'around six million worldwide', 'answer_start': 130}
101,168	100,826	572e7c7303f989190075668f	generic	The first written account of a game played was on October 15, 1862, on the Montreal Cricket Grounds. It was between the First Battalion Grenadier Guards and the Second Battalion Scots Fusilier Guards resulting in a win by the Grenadier Guards 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing.[citation needed] In 1864, at Trinity College, T...	On which date was the first Canadian football game for which a written record has survived?	{'text': 'October 15, 1862', 'answer_start': 50}
94,277	93,935	57295510af94a219006aa2c9	generic	Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from t...	Which two former rivers in Palermo are currently building sites?	{'text': 'Papireto river and the Kemonia', 'answer_start': 15}
5,787	5,445	56d1ece4e7d4791d0090258a	generic	Bodhi (Pāli and Sanskrit, in devanagari: बॊधि) is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants. Bodhi literally means "awakening", but it is more commonly translated into English as "enlightenment". In Early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some different metaphors to des...	what is the word for hate or aversion?	{'text': 'dosa', 'answer_start': 405}
128,868	128,526	5a68f1298476ee001a58a8db	generic	Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death in the summer of 1839 brought political chaos and the subsequent battles of succession and the bloody infighting between the factions at court weakened the state. Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down, starting the First Anglo-Sikh War; this led to a British o...	What was the name of the territory annexed in 1849?	{'text': 'Lahore', 'answer_start': 346}
68,057	67,715	5726d4705951b619008f7f55	generic	Mali underwent economic reform, beginning in 1988 by signing agreements with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. During 1988 to 1996, Mali's government largely reformed public enterprises. Since the agreement, sixteen enterprises were privatized, 12 partially privatized, and 20 liquidated. In 2005, the ...	In what year did Mali start economic changes?	{'text': '1988', 'answer_start': 45}
60,605	60,263	5a5fe5d0eae51e001ab14cfa	generic	Walt Disney Parks and Resorts plans on creating original Marvel attractions at their theme parks, with Hong Kong Disneyland becoming the first Disney theme park to feature a Marvel attraction. Due to the licensing agreement with Universal Studios, signed prior to Disney's purchase of Marvel, Walt Disney World and Tokyo...	What was signed after Disney purchased Marvel?	{'text': 'the licensing agreement with Universal Studios', 'answer_start': 200}
24,239	23,897	56f7c49eaef2371900625bdd	generic	During the Partitions of Poland from 1772 to 1795, its members began to lose these legal privileges and social status. From that point until 1918, the legal status of the nobility was essentially dependent upon the policies of the three partitioning powers: the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg M...	When was the March constitution implemented.	{'text': '1921', 'answer_start': 448}
90,851	90,509	5ad22dcad7d075001a428653	generic	Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il gio...	Who rejected the La conquista della Spagne di Scipione Afriacano il giovance?	{'text': 'Antonio Maria Bononcini', 'answer_start': 234}
21,030	20,688	56e7b4f737bdd419002c43b5	generic	In 2001, Jeff Foley published War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It. The book details a journalist's two preseasons (1999 and 2000) as an offensive specialist/writer with the now-defunct Albany Firebirds. The 5-foot-6 (170 cm), self-described "unathletic writer"...	How many games did Jeff Foley play in?	{'text': 'three', 'answer_start': 331}
33,805	33,463	5709a9f2ed30961900e843e6	generic	Although used in the Census and the American Community Survey, "Some other race" is not an official race, and the Bureau considered eliminating it prior to the 2000 Census. As the 2010 census form did not contain the question titled "Ancestry" found in prior censuses, there were campaigns to get non-Hispanic West India...	There were campaigns to try to get minorities to use what race category into 2010 census?	{'text': 'Some other race', 'answer_start': 502}
65,799	65,457	5726a7b4dd62a815002e8c26	generic	Another debate developed around the (distinct) criticisms of liberal political theory made by Michael Walzer, Michael Sandel and Charles Taylor. The liberal-communitarian debate is often considered valuable for generating a new set of philosophical problems, rather than a profound and illuminating clash of perspective....	What type of economic and social policies do Communitarians tend to support?	{'text': 'policies which encourage the growth of social capital', 'answer_start': 606}
85,318	84,976	5728116c3acd2414000df3a5	generic	The independence of the ECB is instrumental in maintaining price stability. Not only must the bank not seek influence, but EU institutions and national governments are bound by the treaties to respect the ECB's independence. To offer some accountability, the ECB is bound to publish reports on its activities and has to ...	Why do EU institutions and national governments have to respect the independence of the ECB?	{'text': 'bound by the treaties', 'answer_start': 168}

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Question Answering • Updated Nov 24, 2023 • 13 • 1