In our cohort (n=26), 11 children (42.3%) were transferred to a designated tertiary care pediatric trauma center from our ED, and 15 (57.7%) were hospitalized and monitored at our primary hospital. Of those that required transfer, CT-head findings were significant for subdural (3/11; 27%), subarachnoid (2/11; 18%) and epidural hemorrhage (2/11; 18%), scalp hematoma at the site of fracture (2/11; 18%). Two (18%) patients required transfer based on physician discretion. The patients in our cohort that stayed in our facility for observation only (n=15) had an average length of stay of 3.1 days (range 1 to 6 days). Of those patients that were admitted for observation, nine patients (35%) were admitted to the general pediatric inpatient service, and six (23%) were sent to PICU for closer observation. All the hospitalized children had a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 15 on arrival. None of the children in the cohort required intubation or other advanced interventions.</p>","<p>The results of this study were previously presented as a meeting abstract at the 2022 American College of Emergency Physicians Research Forum on October 1-4, 2022.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>Results</title>\",\n \"<p>We identified 26 children with isolated skull fractures and normal neurological examination (Table ##TAB##1##2##).</p>\",\n \"<p>The average age of children presenting to the ED with overall head trauma (both with and without skull fracture) was 1.0±1.3 years old. In the 26 patients with skull fractures, the median age was six months old. Of those with isolated skull fracture(s), 46% were male. Demographically, 46% identified as Hispanic, 12% Black, and 42% “other”. Most patients with head trauma, regardless of fracture status, were brought into the ED by private vehicle (71%), followed by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) (17%), and others (12%).</p>\",\n \"<p>The mechanisms of injury from most prominent to least were falls (61.5%), unknown (19.2%), motor vehicle collisions (MVC) (n=1), dog bite (n=1), and sledding accidents (n=1). The most common mechanism of injury was a fall in this dataset.</p>\",\n \"<p>Fracture characteristics such as fracture location and description were also studied (Table ##TAB##2##3##).</p>\",\n \"<p>The location of the fractures varied; these include parietal (46%), occipital (19%), temporal (15%), frontal (7.7%), occipital + parietal (7.7%), and parietal + frontal (3.8%) regions. Four fractures were depressed (15%), and the remainder were non-displaced (n=22). Additional associated injuries in the cohort included hematomas of the face and scalp and abdominal bruising.</p>\",\n \"<p>In our cohort (n=26), 11 children (42.3%) were transferred to a designated tertiary care pediatric trauma center from our ED, and 15 (57.7%) were hospitalized and monitored at our primary hospital. Of those that required transfer, CT-head findings were significant for subdural (3/11; 27%), subarachnoid (2/11; 18%) and epidural hemorrhage (2/11; 18%), scalp hematoma at the site of fracture (2/11; 18%). Two (18%) patients required transfer based on physician discretion. The patients in our cohort that stayed in our facility for observation only (n=15) had an average length of stay of 3.1 days (range 1 to 6 days). Of those patients that were admitted for observation, nine patients (35%) were admitted to the general pediatric inpatient service, and six (23%) were sent to PICU for closer observation. All the hospitalized children had a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 15 on arrival. None of the children in the cohort required intubation or other advanced interventions.</p>\",\n \"<p>The results of this study were previously presented as a meeting abstract at the 2022 American College of Emergency Physicians Research Forum on October 1-4, 2022.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"discussion":{"kind":"list like","value":["<title>Discussion</title>","<p>In the pediatric population, head trauma often results in skull fractures. Pediatric skull fractures require age-specific treatment and should not have the same treatment plan as adult fractures. Unlike their adult, the pediatric skull has a greater capacity to remodel; concurrently, pediatric brains are still developing [##REF##36030630##9##]. Though much research has been conducted studying pediatric trauma, literature is sparse in terms of isolated skull fractures. Our study aimed to help fill this knowledge gap by determining whether it is necessary to transfer pediatric patients with isolated skull fractures to tertiary centers for neurosurgical evaluation or if they could be closely observed at the primary care center.</p>","<p>The PECARN Head Trauma Protocol is a clinical guideline designed to assist healthcare providers in assessing and managing head injuries in children [##REF##19758692##8##]. It considers age-specific criteria, GCS score, and the duration of loss of consciousness (LOC) to evaluate the severity of head injuries in children systematically. This protocol stratifies patients into low-, intermediate-, or high-risk categories based on their clinical presentation, helping healthcare providers make informed decisions about the need for CT scans. For low-risk patients, the protocol discourages unnecessary CT scans to minimize radiation exposure, reducing unnecessary radiation exposure while ensuring the timely detection of serious injuries, whereas intermediate and high-risk patients receive clear indications for CT imaging [##REF##19758692##8##,##UREF##2##10##], in addition to the emphasis on parental education. PECARN prioritizes patient safety, minimizes radiation exposure, and ensures timely identification and treatment of serious head injuries while providing a structured risk assessment and management framework. Although this protocol stratifies the imaging a patient should receive, it does not delineate disposition criteria for admission versus observation.</p>","<p>A common practice is to admit children with skull fractures to the hospital for observation. Neurologically intact children with an isolated skull fracture without intracranial hemorrhage do not require neurosurgical intervention. However, patients with worrisome findings may be referred to tertiary hospitals with pediatric neurosurgery capabilities. Recently, more efforts have been made to reduce unnecessary hospitalizations. Studies suggest that children with linear non-displaced skull fractures and no intracranial hematoma after head trauma have a very low risk of evolving other traumatic findings or requiring neurosurgical intervention, so observation in the ED may be sufficient [##REF##28922710##11##]. Overall, there is no consensus on the appropriate course of action in children with isolated skull fractures, so there is considerable variability in the standard of care. In our cohort, there were 26 patients found to have a fracture via a CT scan of the head. Among these patients, 11 were transferred to another tertiary care facility. These individuals were noted to have hemorrhage in the epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid regions, and some had a hematoma along the fracture line. The pediatric ED physician team and clinical exam determination delineated the transfer of these patients. The remaining 15 were admitted and observed in the Inpatient and PICU services.</p>","<p>A recent study by Barba et al. found that multi-level falls (MLF) accounted for upwards of 37.7% of pediatric basilar skull fractures [##REF##20800299##12##]. Perheentupa et al. found that the most common skull base fracture type was the temporal bone fracture (64%), with road traffic accidents as the primary etiology [##REF##28433849##13##]. Leibu et al. also found the temporal bone to be the most common fracture location (57%) but via falls [##REF##25994196##14##]. In our ED, most skull fractures were of the parietal bone (46%), and the most common etiology for isolated skull fractures was from falls (62%). There is much variability in fracture location and etiology in children.</p>","<p>There is no universal protocol in place for the standard of care regarding the decision to admit for observation versus transfer versus discharge of a patient following a head trauma encounter with an isolated skull fracture in the ED, and often, these patients are admitted for observation. Frequently, neurologically normal children who have an isolated (basilar) skull fracture without any intracranial hemorrhage do not require any neurosurgical intervention [##REF##36030630##9##]. Since there is no consensus on the appropriate course of action in children with isolated skull fractures, there is considerable variability in their evaluation. In this study, all patients received head CT as part of the generalized trauma protocol. However, Barba et al. suggest that CT examinations only detected abnormalities in 1.9% of patients, so it is hard to know if CT scans are, in fact, necessary for every head trauma [##REF##19758692##8##,##REF##20800299##12##]. Head CT is preferred over simple radiography due to the ability to dual identify skull fractures and traumatic brain injury. The threshold for obtaining a CT scan in infants younger than two years, particularly those younger than three months, should be lower than for older children [##UREF##0##4##,##UREF##2##10##,##REF##11145776##15##,##REF##26186360##16##]. Skull radiographs may be performed when trauma history is uncertain [##REF##25994196##14##]. After the X-ray, one patient was directed to the CT suite for a head scan at the physician's discretion.</p>","<p>Powell et al. described a set of criteria for admitting pediatric skull fracture patients, but this is not the universal gold standard. Signs of increased intracranial pressure, such as persistent neurologic deficits, headache, or vomiting, intracranial injury, suspected child abuse, and parents or caregivers who are unreliable or unable to return, if necessary, require an admission [##UREF##3##17##]. Additionally, those patients with depressed skull fractures (15% in our study) do require neurosurgery consultation [##UREF##3##17##]. This process could be protocolized to evaluate and follow up with the patient during admission to streamline recommendations with discharge and outpatient services guidance.</p>","<p>Children with isolated skull fractures, specifically those that are non-displaced/depressed, which accounted for 85% of our patient population that is neurologically intact, can be safely discharged home if specific discharge criteria are met [##REF##26186360##16##]. Patients are instructed to follow up with their pediatric PCP within one to two days of injury, which also brings up a similar issue; the child might not have a PCP, or their caretaker might not be able to take another day off from work [##REF##26186360##16##]. Our patients may not fit the proposed criteria for admission, but they may still get admitted due to their social determinants of health [##REF##26186360##16##,##UREF##4##18##]. It is possible that different protocols need to be in place as a contingency plan if adequate follow-up is not available.</p>","<p>Though our study has limitations, including its retrospective study design with a relatively small sample size and conducted in a low socioeconomic patient population, the results of our study demonstrate no advantage in hospitalization of children with isolated skull fractures who otherwise have normal neurologic examination as no clinical deterioration noted during observation. Few patients were noted as having an unclear mechanism of injury. This is a limitation as the chart was reviewed to explore if abuse was at play, and the chart review noted appropriate steps taken by the clinical staff to explore this; thus, a retrospective review of the data places a limitation. For the patients that were transferred to a tertiary pediatric care facility with a neurosurgical department, our team was unable to capture the overall outcome with the management plan and length of stay at the tertiary center, as this is a limitation of this report. All children in this study had good clinical outcomes. Therefore, inpatient observation for children with isolated skull fractures and normal neurological examinations may suffice without being transferred or admission awaiting follow-up with consultation service. It is important to develop protocols to guide when planning which patients require hospitalization or transfer for a higher level of care at a tertiary care center.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>Discussion</title>\",\n \"<p>In the pediatric population, head trauma often results in skull fractures. Pediatric skull fractures require age-specific treatment and should not have the same treatment plan as adult fractures. Unlike their adult, the pediatric skull has a greater capacity to remodel; concurrently, pediatric brains are still developing [##REF##36030630##9##]. Though much research has been conducted studying pediatric trauma, literature is sparse in terms of isolated skull fractures. Our study aimed to help fill this knowledge gap by determining whether it is necessary to transfer pediatric patients with isolated skull fractures to tertiary centers for neurosurgical evaluation or if they could be closely observed at the primary care center.</p>\",\n \"<p>The PECARN Head Trauma Protocol is a clinical guideline designed to assist healthcare providers in assessing and managing head injuries in children [##REF##19758692##8##]. It considers age-specific criteria, GCS score, and the duration of loss of consciousness (LOC) to evaluate the severity of head injuries in children systematically. This protocol stratifies patients into low-, intermediate-, or high-risk categories based on their clinical presentation, helping healthcare providers make informed decisions about the need for CT scans. For low-risk patients, the protocol discourages unnecessary CT scans to minimize radiation exposure, reducing unnecessary radiation exposure while ensuring the timely detection of serious injuries, whereas intermediate and high-risk patients receive clear indications for CT imaging [##REF##19758692##8##,##UREF##2##10##], in addition to the emphasis on parental education. PECARN prioritizes patient safety, minimizes radiation exposure, and ensures timely identification and treatment of serious head injuries while providing a structured risk assessment and management framework. Although this protocol stratifies the imaging a patient should receive, it does not delineate disposition criteria for admission versus observation.</p>\",\n \"<p>A common practice is to admit children with skull fractures to the hospital for observation. Neurologically intact children with an isolated skull fracture without intracranial hemorrhage do not require neurosurgical intervention. However, patients with worrisome findings may be referred to tertiary hospitals with pediatric neurosurgery capabilities. Recently, more efforts have been made to reduce unnecessary hospitalizations. Studies suggest that children with linear non-displaced skull fractures and no intracranial hematoma after head trauma have a very low risk of evolving other traumatic findings or requiring neurosurgical intervention, so observation in the ED may be sufficient [##REF##28922710##11##]. Overall, there is no consensus on the appropriate course of action in children with isolated skull fractures, so there is considerable variability in the standard of care. In our cohort, there were 26 patients found to have a fracture via a CT scan of the head. Among these patients, 11 were transferred to another tertiary care facility. These individuals were noted to have hemorrhage in the epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid regions, and some had a hematoma along the fracture line. The pediatric ED physician team and clinical exam determination delineated the transfer of these patients. The remaining 15 were admitted and observed in the Inpatient and PICU services.</p>\",\n \"<p>A recent study by Barba et al. found that multi-level falls (MLF) accounted for upwards of 37.7% of pediatric basilar skull fractures [##REF##20800299##12##]. Perheentupa et al. found that the most common skull base fracture type was the temporal bone fracture (64%), with road traffic accidents as the primary etiology [##REF##28433849##13##]. Leibu et al. also found the temporal bone to be the most common fracture location (57%) but via falls [##REF##25994196##14##]. In our ED, most skull fractures were of the parietal bone (46%), and the most common etiology for isolated skull fractures was from falls (62%). There is much variability in fracture location and etiology in children.</p>\",\n \"<p>There is no universal protocol in place for the standard of care regarding the decision to admit for observation versus transfer versus discharge of a patient following a head trauma encounter with an isolated skull fracture in the ED, and often, these patients are admitted for observation. Frequently, neurologically normal children who have an isolated (basilar) skull fracture without any intracranial hemorrhage do not require any neurosurgical intervention [##REF##36030630##9##]. Since there is no consensus on the appropriate course of action in children with isolated skull fractures, there is considerable variability in their evaluation. In this study, all patients received head CT as part of the generalized trauma protocol. However, Barba et al. suggest that CT examinations only detected abnormalities in 1.9% of patients, so it is hard to know if CT scans are, in fact, necessary for every head trauma [##REF##19758692##8##,##REF##20800299##12##]. Head CT is preferred over simple radiography due to the ability to dual identify skull fractures and traumatic brain injury. The threshold for obtaining a CT scan in infants younger than two years, particularly those younger than three months, should be lower than for older children [##UREF##0##4##,##UREF##2##10##,##REF##11145776##15##,##REF##26186360##16##]. Skull radiographs may be performed when trauma history is uncertain [##REF##25994196##14##]. After the X-ray, one patient was directed to the CT suite for a head scan at the physician's discretion.</p>\",\n \"<p>Powell et al. described a set of criteria for admitting pediatric skull fracture patients, but this is not the universal gold standard. Signs of increased intracranial pressure, such as persistent neurologic deficits, headache, or vomiting, intracranial injury, suspected child abuse, and parents or caregivers who are unreliable or unable to return, if necessary, require an admission [##UREF##3##17##]. Additionally, those patients with depressed skull fractures (15% in our study) do require neurosurgery consultation [##UREF##3##17##]. This process could be protocolized to evaluate and follow up with the patient during admission to streamline recommendations with discharge and outpatient services guidance.</p>\",\n \"<p>Children with isolated skull fractures, specifically those that are non-displaced/depressed, which accounted for 85% of our patient population that is neurologically intact, can be safely discharged home if specific discharge criteria are met [##REF##26186360##16##]. Patients are instructed to follow up with their pediatric PCP within one to two days of injury, which also brings up a similar issue; the child might not have a PCP, or their caretaker might not be able to take another day off from work [##REF##26186360##16##]. Our patients may not fit the proposed criteria for admission, but they may still get admitted due to their social determinants of health [##REF##26186360##16##,##UREF##4##18##]. It is possible that different protocols need to be in place as a contingency plan if adequate follow-up is not available.</p>\",\n \"<p>Though our study has limitations, including its retrospective study design with a relatively small sample size and conducted in a low socioeconomic patient population, the results of our study demonstrate no advantage in hospitalization of children with isolated skull fractures who otherwise have normal neurologic examination as no clinical deterioration noted during observation. Few patients were noted as having an unclear mechanism of injury. This is a limitation as the chart was reviewed to explore if abuse was at play, and the chart review noted appropriate steps taken by the clinical staff to explore this; thus, a retrospective review of the data places a limitation. For the patients that were transferred to a tertiary pediatric care facility with a neurosurgical department, our team was unable to capture the overall outcome with the management plan and length of stay at the tertiary center, as this is a limitation of this report. All children in this study had good clinical outcomes. Therefore, inpatient observation for children with isolated skull fractures and normal neurological examinations may suffice without being transferred or admission awaiting follow-up with consultation service. It is important to develop protocols to guide when planning which patients require hospitalization or transfer for a higher level of care at a tertiary care center.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"conclusion":{"kind":"list like","value":["<title>Conclusions</title>","<p>This limited dataset suggests that isolated, linear, non-displaced skull fractures with intact neurologic examination in children are at low risk for complications. This raises the question of whether these children need to be transferred to a pediatric trauma center or could be safely monitored in the primary non-pediatric trauma center where they are first seen. We believe clinically stable patients with no underlying brain injury on CT scan do not need to be admitted or transferred to a tertiary care center and can be observed safely in a non-pediatric neurosurgical center, provided there are no additional injuries. Multicenter studies are required to make a uniform recommendation and change practice, but this limited data suggests that children with isolated, linear, non-displaced skull fractures can be discharged safely from the ED after a brief period of observation.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>Conclusions</title>\",\n \"<p>This limited dataset suggests that isolated, linear, non-displaced skull fractures with intact neurologic examination in children are at low risk for complications. This raises the question of whether these children need to be transferred to a pediatric trauma center or could be safely monitored in the primary non-pediatric trauma center where they are first seen. We believe clinically stable patients with no underlying brain injury on CT scan do not need to be admitted or transferred to a tertiary care center and can be observed safely in a non-pediatric neurosurgical center, provided there are no additional injuries. Multicenter studies are required to make a uniform recommendation and change practice, but this limited data suggests that children with isolated, linear, non-displaced skull fractures can be discharged safely from the ED after a brief period of observation.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"front":{"kind":"list like","value":["<p>Introduction</p>","<p>Young children experiencing head trauma are prone to skull fractures. Pediatric skull fractures are distinct from adults as they have a greater capacity to undergo remodeling. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether children with isolated skull fractures without an underlying brain injury and normal neurological exam require a transfer to a tertiary hospital with pediatric neurosurgery service.</p>","<p>Methods</p>","<p>A retrospective chart review was performed to review children under five years old presenting to the emergency department of a non-pediatric trauma center with an isolated skull fracture resulting from head trauma without intracerebral hemorrhage between 2015 and 2021. The inclusion criteria consisted of children who have isolated skull fractures without underlying injuries and normal neurological examination.<sup> </sup>We reviewed these patients' injury characteristics, disposition, and clinical outcomes. The t-test and chi-square were used for evaluating the groups and evaluating the transfer to a dedicated trauma care facility.</p>","<p>Results</p>","<p>We identified 26 children who had isolated skull fractures with no underlying brain injury and normal neurological examination. The two most common mechanisms of injury were falls (64%) and motor vehicle collisions (MVC) (11%). The median age of patients was six months old. The location of the skull fractures was as follows: parietal (46%), occipital (19%), temporal (15%), frontal (7.7%), occipital + parietal (7.7%), and parietal + frontal (3.8%). Four fractures were depressed (15%) and the remainder were non-displaced. Eleven children with skull fractures (42%) were transferred to a designated pediatric trauma center and the remaining 58% were hospitalized for observation and monitored at the primary hospital. None of the children with skull fractures required intubation or other advanced interventions.</p>","<p>Conclusion</p>","<p>In this relatively limited sample, approximately one-third of the children with isolated skull fractures without brain injury were managed successfully in a non-tertiary care center. However, none of them required surgical intervention. Thus, we propose that patients akin to those in this study can be observed at a local hospital without being transferred to a pediatric trauma center.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<p>Introduction</p>\",\n \"<p>Young children experiencing head trauma are prone to skull fractures. Pediatric skull fractures are distinct from adults as they have a greater capacity to undergo remodeling. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether children with isolated skull fractures without an underlying brain injury and normal neurological exam require a transfer to a tertiary hospital with pediatric neurosurgery service.</p>\",\n \"<p>Methods</p>\",\n \"<p>A retrospective chart review was performed to review children under five years old presenting to the emergency department of a non-pediatric trauma center with an isolated skull fracture resulting from head trauma without intracerebral hemorrhage between 2015 and 2021. The inclusion criteria consisted of children who have isolated skull fractures without underlying injuries and normal neurological examination.<sup> </sup>We reviewed these patients' injury characteristics, disposition, and clinical outcomes. The t-test and chi-square were used for evaluating the groups and evaluating the transfer to a dedicated trauma care facility.</p>\",\n \"<p>Results</p>\",\n \"<p>We identified 26 children who had isolated skull fractures with no underlying brain injury and normal neurological examination. The two most common mechanisms of injury were falls (64%) and motor vehicle collisions (MVC) (11%). The median age of patients was six months old. The location of the skull fractures was as follows: parietal (46%), occipital (19%), temporal (15%), frontal (7.7%), occipital + parietal (7.7%), and parietal + frontal (3.8%). Four fractures were depressed (15%) and the remainder were non-displaced. Eleven children with skull fractures (42%) were transferred to a designated pediatric trauma center and the remaining 58% were hospitalized for observation and monitored at the primary hospital. None of the children with skull fractures required intubation or other advanced interventions.</p>\",\n \"<p>Conclusion</p>\",\n \"<p>In this relatively limited sample, approximately one-third of the children with isolated skull fractures without brain injury were managed successfully in a non-tertiary care center. However, none of them required surgical intervention. Thus, we propose that patients akin to those in this study can be observed at a local hospital without being transferred to a pediatric trauma center.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"body":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"back":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"figure":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"table":{"kind":"list like","value":["<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"TAB1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Discharge criteria for non-displaced, isolated skull fracture pediatric patients</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><tbody><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">No significant extracranial injuries</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">No indications of intracranial injuries</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Normal neurological examination</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Ability to arouse easily</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">No concern for child abuse</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Residence in close proximity to the hospital</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Reliable caretakers who can return with the child if necessary</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap>","<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"TAB2\"><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Patient characteristics</title><p>Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation and categorical as n and frequency, n (%).</p><p>*MVC = motor vehicle collision</p><p>** Hemorrhage noted on the CT scan imaging: subdural, subarachnoid, and epidural.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><tbody><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"> Variables</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Fracture</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">N</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">26</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Age (years)</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">1.0±1.3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Median, years</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">0.52 (0.27-0.76)</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Gender</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"> </td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Male</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">12 (46.2%)</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Female</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">14 (53.8%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Length of stay (days)</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">3.1±1.6</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Race</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"> </td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">African American</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">3 (11.5%)</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Hispanic</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">12 (46.2%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Others</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">11 (42.3%)</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Radiology</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"> </td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">CT Scan, only</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">25 (96.2%)</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">X-rayand CT scan</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">1 (3.8%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Injury Mechanism</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"> </td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Fall</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">16 (61.5%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Abuse</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">1 (3.8%)</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Unknown</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">5 (19.2%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">MVC*</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">1 (3.8%)</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Dog bite</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">1 (3.8%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Sledding accident</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">1 (3.8%)</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Abuse/Fall</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">1 (3.8%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Associated Injuries</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"> </td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Abdominal injury</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">1 (3.8%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Hematoma-Facial/Scalp</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">8 (30.8%)</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Hemorrhage**</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">6 (23.1%)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap>","<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"TAB3\"><label>Table 3</label><caption><title>Characteristics of patients with isolated skull fracture</title><p>PICU = pediatric intensive care unit</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><tbody><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">N</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">26</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Fracture Location</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"> </td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Frontal</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">2 (7.7%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Parietal</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">12 (46.2%)</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Temporal</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">4 (15.4%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Occipital</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">5 (19.2%)</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Parietal/Frontal</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">1 (3.8%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Occipital/Parietal</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">2 (7.7%)</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Fracture Description</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"> </td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Depressed</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">4 (15.4%)</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Non-displaced</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">22 (84.6%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Disposition</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"> </td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Observation at Primary Hospital</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"> </td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">PICU</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">9 (34.6%)</td></tr><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">lnpatient Service</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">6 (23.1%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Transferred to Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center</td><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">11 (42.3%)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap>"],"string":"[\n \"<table-wrap position=\\\"float\\\" id=\\\"TAB1\\\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Discharge criteria for non-displaced, isolated skull fracture pediatric patients</title></caption><table frame=\\\"hsides\\\" rules=\\\"groups\\\"><tbody><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">No significant extracranial injuries</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">No indications of intracranial injuries</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Normal neurological examination</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Ability to arouse easily</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">No concern for child abuse</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Residence in close proximity to the hospital</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Reliable caretakers who can return with the child if necessary</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap>\",\n \"<table-wrap position=\\\"float\\\" id=\\\"TAB2\\\"><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Patient characteristics</title><p>Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation and categorical as n and frequency, n (%).</p><p>*MVC = motor vehicle collision</p><p>** Hemorrhage noted on the CT scan imaging: subdural, subarachnoid, and epidural.</p></caption><table frame=\\\"hsides\\\" rules=\\\"groups\\\"><tbody><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\"> Variables</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Fracture</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">N</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">26</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Age (years)</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">1.0±1.3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Median, years</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">0.52 (0.27-0.76)</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Gender</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\"> </td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Male</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">12 (46.2%)</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Female</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">14 (53.8%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Length of stay (days)</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">3.1±1.6</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Race</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\"> </td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">African American</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">3 (11.5%)</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Hispanic</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">12 (46.2%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Others</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">11 (42.3%)</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Radiology</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\"> </td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">CT Scan, only</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">25 (96.2%)</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">X-rayand CT scan</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">1 (3.8%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Injury Mechanism</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\"> </td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Fall</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">16 (61.5%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Abuse</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">1 (3.8%)</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Unknown</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">5 (19.2%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">MVC*</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">1 (3.8%)</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Dog bite</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">1 (3.8%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Sledding accident</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">1 (3.8%)</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Abuse/Fall</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">1 (3.8%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Associated Injuries</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\"> </td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Abdominal injury</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">1 (3.8%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Hematoma-Facial/Scalp</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">8 (30.8%)</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Hemorrhage**</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">6 (23.1%)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap>\",\n \"<table-wrap position=\\\"float\\\" id=\\\"TAB3\\\"><label>Table 3</label><caption><title>Characteristics of patients with isolated skull fracture</title><p>PICU = pediatric intensive care unit</p></caption><table frame=\\\"hsides\\\" rules=\\\"groups\\\"><tbody><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">N</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">26</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Fracture Location</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\"> </td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Frontal</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">2 (7.7%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Parietal</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">12 (46.2%)</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Temporal</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">4 (15.4%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Occipital</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">5 (19.2%)</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Parietal/Frontal</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">1 (3.8%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Occipital/Parietal</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">2 (7.7%)</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Fracture Description</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\"> </td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Depressed</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">4 (15.4%)</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Non-displaced</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">22 (84.6%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Disposition</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\"> </td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Observation at Primary Hospital</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\"> </td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">PICU</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">9 (34.6%)</td></tr><tr style=\\\"background-color:#ccc\\\"><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">lnpatient Service</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">6 (23.1%)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Transferred to Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center</td><td rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">11 (42.3%)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"formula":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"box":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"code":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"quote":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"chemical":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"supplementary":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"footnote":{"kind":"list like","value":["<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Human Ethics</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p>Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Office of the Institutional Review Board at Lincoln Medical Center issued approval FWA#00009807</p></fn></fn-group>","<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Animal Ethics</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p><bold>Animal subjects:</bold> All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue.</p></fn></fn-group>","<fn-group content-type=\"competing-interests\"><fn fn-type=\"COI-statement\"><p>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn></fn-group>"],"string":"[\n \"<fn-group content-type=\\\"other\\\"><title>Human Ethics</title><fn fn-type=\\\"other\\\"><p>Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Office of the Institutional Review Board at Lincoln Medical Center issued approval FWA#00009807</p></fn></fn-group>\",\n \"<fn-group content-type=\\\"other\\\"><title>Animal Ethics</title><fn fn-type=\\\"other\\\"><p><bold>Animal subjects:</bold> All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue.</p></fn></fn-group>\",\n \"<fn-group content-type=\\\"competing-interests\\\"><fn fn-type=\\\"COI-statement\\\"><p>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn></fn-group>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"graphic":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"media":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"unknown_pub":{"kind":"string","value":"[{\"label\": [\"4\"], \"article-title\": [\"Pediatric Skull Fractures\"], \"source\": [\"StatPearls\"], \"person-group\": [\"\\n\"], \"surname\": [\"McGrath\", \"Taylor\"], \"given-names\": [\"A\", \"RS\"], \"publisher-loc\": [\"Treasure Island (FL)\"], \"publisher-name\": [\"StatPearls Publishing\"], \"year\": [\"2023\"], \"uri\": [\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29489156/\"]}, {\"label\": [\"7\"], \"article-title\": [\"362 transferring children with pediatric skull fractures without underlying brain injury: is it necessary?\"], \"source\": [\"Ann Emerg Med\"], \"person-group\": [\"\\n\"], \"surname\": [\"Waseem\", \"Cedano\", \"Tun\", \"Esposito\", \"Shariff\", \"Priovolos\"], \"given-names\": [\"M\", \"K\", \"K\", \"K\", \"M\", \"S\"], \"fpage\": [\"0\"], \"lpage\": [\"8\"], \"volume\": [\"80\"], \"year\": [\"2022\"]}, {\"label\": [\"10\"], \"article-title\": [\"CT scan incidental findings in trauma patients: does it impact hospital length of stay?\"], \"source\": [\"Trauma Surg Acute Care Open\"], \"person-group\": [\"\\n\"], \"surname\": [\"Andrawes\", \"Picon\", \"Shariff\", \"Azab\", \"von Waagner\", \"Demissie\", \"Fasanya\"], \"given-names\": [\"P\", \"AI\", \"MA\", \"B\", \"W\", \"S\", \"C\"], \"fpage\": [\"0\"], \"volume\": [\"2\"], \"year\": [\"2017\"]}, {\"label\": [\"17\"], \"article-title\": [\"Isolated linear skull fractures in children with blunt head trauma\"], \"source\": [\"Pediatrics\"], \"person-group\": [\"\\n\"], \"surname\": [\"Powell\", \"Atabaki\", \"Wootton-Gorges\"], \"given-names\": [\"EC\", \"SM\", \"S\"], \"fpage\": [\"0\"], \"lpage\": [\"7\"], \"volume\": [\"135\"], \"year\": [\"2015\"]}, {\"label\": [\"18\"], \"article-title\": [\"Assessment of adverse childhood experiences in the South Bronx on the risk of developing chronic disease as adults\"], \"source\": [\"Cureus\"], \"person-group\": [\"\\n\"], \"surname\": [\"Njoroge\", \"Shariff\", \"Khan\"], \"given-names\": [\"A\", \"MA\", \"HW\"], \"fpage\": [\"0\"], \"volume\": [\"15\"], \"year\": [\"2023\"]}]"},"glossary":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"acronym\": [],\n \"definition\": []\n}"},"n_references":{"kind":"number","value":18,"string":"18"},"license":{"kind":"string","value":"CC BY"},"retracted":{"kind":"string","value":"no"},"last_updated":{"kind":"string","value":"2024-01-15 23:43:48"},"citation":{"kind":"string","value":"Cureus.; 15(12):e50571"},"package_file":{"kind":"string","value":"oa_package/f5/77/PMC10788048.tar.gz"}}},{"rowIdx":296,"cells":{"accession_id":{"kind":"string","value":"PMC10788057"},"pmid":{"kind":"string","value":"38222091"},"introduction":{"kind":"list like","value":["<title>Introduction</title>","<p>The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to unprecedented, accelerated vaccine development (##REF##35127995##1##) and expansive roll-out programs (##REF##33686204##2##, ##UREF##0##3##). Much of the global population now has some level of adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 induced by exposure to the virus (natural infection), vaccination, or a combination of both (hybrid immunity).</p>","<p>Natural infection induced by, and/or vaccination against, SARS-CoV-2 leads to the development of both binding and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) (##REF##35761083##4##, ##REF##37007494##5##), and the induction of T-cell responses during active immune reaction and clearance of infection (##REF##35105982##6##). Key questions that subsequently arise relate to the duration and the level of protection an individual might expect based on their infection and vaccination history. Studies of those infected early in the pandemic documented that natural SARS-CoV-2 infection afforded some level of protection against reinfection in most individuals, and that subsequent reinfections were typically less severe than the primary episode (##TAB##0##Table 1##). However, SARS-CoV-2 has high rates of mutation and heavily mutated variants have emerged (##REF##36653446##21##). Most significant are the “variants of concern” (VOCs) (##UREF##1##22##), and there is now ample evidence that protection against reinfection with the B.1.1.529/21 K (Omicron) variant (##REF##35042229##23##, ##UREF##2##24##) is dramatically reduced compared with previous variants (##TAB##0##Table 1##).</p>","<p>Any descriptor of immunity based on patient history will encompass a population of individuals with vastly variable exposure to vaccines and viral variants with differing orders of immune challenge intensity. Unrecognized “silent infections,” especially in Omicron-positive subjects with underlying immunity, further complicate the assessment. Therefore derivation of potential immunity based on patient history requires assistance from a surrogate composite score to inform about protection and to aid decision making.</p>","<title>Correlates of protection or risk</title>","<p>In vaccinology, a correlate of protection (CoP) reflects a statistical non-causal relationship between an immune marker and protection after vaccination (##REF##22437237##25##). Most accepted CoPs are based on antibody measurements (##REF##20463105##26##) and vary depending on the clinical endpoint, for example protection from (symptomatic) infection or severe disease. In contrast, a correlate of risk (CoR) can be used as a measurement of an immunologic parameter that is correlated with a study endpoint (##REF##17979212##27##) and can predict a clinical endpoint in a specified population with a defined future timeframe. Notably, antibody markers have been used as correlates of immune function in clinical trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy (VE) (##REF##34812653##28–33##), and for identifying the risk of symptomatic infection by VOCs (##REF##36640795##34##, ##REF##34806056##35##). In VE trials, a CoR can be a CoP if the CoR reliably predicts VE against the clinical endpoint, thereby acting not just as an intrinsic susceptibility factor or marker of pathogen exposure. In this case, the CoR could be a surrogate of the endpoint and could be useful for licensure of new vaccines.</p>","<p>A CoR would likely comprise a measure of the immune component plus determinants that act to modify such a measure (a multi-component composite CoR). While there is no scientific evidence for an absolute humoral or cellular CoP against SARS-CoV-2, identification of a multi-component composite CoR might be useful to guide the use of vaccines or patient management. In general, the immune component of a composite CoR should be easily measured by widely available technologies that are amenable to automation, are scalable, cost-efficient, and have a rapid turn-around time. Given the relative complexity, cost and pre-analytic requirements for cellular immune response testing, the preferred candidate for the immune component of a CoR would be detection of humoral immune response(s) (i.e., antibody). This perspective evaluates the various elements that need to be accommodated in the development of an antibody-based composite CoR for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 or severe COVID-19.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>Introduction</title>\",\n \"<p>The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to unprecedented, accelerated vaccine development (##REF##35127995##1##) and expansive roll-out programs (##REF##33686204##2##, ##UREF##0##3##). Much of the global population now has some level of adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 induced by exposure to the virus (natural infection), vaccination, or a combination of both (hybrid immunity).</p>\",\n \"<p>Natural infection induced by, and/or vaccination against, SARS-CoV-2 leads to the development of both binding and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) (##REF##35761083##4##, ##REF##37007494##5##), and the induction of T-cell responses during active immune reaction and clearance of infection (##REF##35105982##6##). Key questions that subsequently arise relate to the duration and the level of protection an individual might expect based on their infection and vaccination history. Studies of those infected early in the pandemic documented that natural SARS-CoV-2 infection afforded some level of protection against reinfection in most individuals, and that subsequent reinfections were typically less severe than the primary episode (##TAB##0##Table 1##). However, SARS-CoV-2 has high rates of mutation and heavily mutated variants have emerged (##REF##36653446##21##). Most significant are the “variants of concern” (VOCs) (##UREF##1##22##), and there is now ample evidence that protection against reinfection with the B.1.1.529/21 K (Omicron) variant (##REF##35042229##23##, ##UREF##2##24##) is dramatically reduced compared with previous variants (##TAB##0##Table 1##).</p>\",\n \"<p>Any descriptor of immunity based on patient history will encompass a population of individuals with vastly variable exposure to vaccines and viral variants with differing orders of immune challenge intensity. Unrecognized “silent infections,” especially in Omicron-positive subjects with underlying immunity, further complicate the assessment. Therefore derivation of potential immunity based on patient history requires assistance from a surrogate composite score to inform about protection and to aid decision making.</p>\",\n \"<title>Correlates of protection or risk</title>\",\n \"<p>In vaccinology, a correlate of protection (CoP) reflects a statistical non-causal relationship between an immune marker and protection after vaccination (##REF##22437237##25##). Most accepted CoPs are based on antibody measurements (##REF##20463105##26##) and vary depending on the clinical endpoint, for example protection from (symptomatic) infection or severe disease. In contrast, a correlate of risk (CoR) can be used as a measurement of an immunologic parameter that is correlated with a study endpoint (##REF##17979212##27##) and can predict a clinical endpoint in a specified population with a defined future timeframe. Notably, antibody markers have been used as correlates of immune function in clinical trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy (VE) (##REF##34812653##28–33##), and for identifying the risk of symptomatic infection by VOCs (##REF##36640795##34##, ##REF##34806056##35##). In VE trials, a CoR can be a CoP if the CoR reliably predicts VE against the clinical endpoint, thereby acting not just as an intrinsic susceptibility factor or marker of pathogen exposure. In this case, the CoR could be a surrogate of the endpoint and could be useful for licensure of new vaccines.</p>\",\n \"<p>A CoR would likely comprise a measure of the immune component plus determinants that act to modify such a measure (a multi-component composite CoR). While there is no scientific evidence for an absolute humoral or cellular CoP against SARS-CoV-2, identification of a multi-component composite CoR might be useful to guide the use of vaccines or patient management. In general, the immune component of a composite CoR should be easily measured by widely available technologies that are amenable to automation, are scalable, cost-efficient, and have a rapid turn-around time. Given the relative complexity, cost and pre-analytic requirements for cellular immune response testing, the preferred candidate for the immune component of a CoR would be detection of humoral immune response(s) (i.e., antibody). This perspective evaluates the various elements that need to be accommodated in the development of an antibody-based composite CoR for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 or severe COVID-19.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"methods":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"results":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"discussion":{"kind":"list like","value":["<title>Discussion</title>","<p>A composite CoR would be helpful particularly for high-risk groups, such as solid organ transplant recipients (##REF##36799932##157##), and those in occupations with high risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. However, whether a composite CoR would operate at the individual or population level is yet uncertain.</p>","<p>For health policymakers, a composite CoR could be useful for: (1) predicting the durability of protection, supporting serosurveys to determine the protection levels of individuals and populations; (2) aiding decision-making with regard to monitoring vaccination efficacy and identifying individuals who would benefit from booster vaccinations; (3) evaluating the need for extra protection of vulnerable communities in the face of new variants with low cross protection and less efficacious vaccines; (4) licensing new vaccines; and (5) developing clear immunologic vaccine trial endpoints.</p>","<p>A previous systematic review by Perry and colleagues found mixed evidence for a serologic CoP, with the lack of standardization between laboratory methodology, differing assay targets and sampling time points, and the lack of information on the SARS-CoV-2 variant confounding interpretation (##REF##35395052##158##). We have highlighted various parameters that should be controlled for in any measure of risk, some of which will be challenging to obtain (such as host genetics). Comparing different protection studies is also difficult as infectious pressure in the observation time period is often uncertain as, in reality, community data are incomplete and the number of oligosymptomatic infections is unclear. Of course, individual responses to infection and vaccination with regards to antibody production will make long-term assessment difficult, intrinsic risk will vary by age and protection will not be linear (##REF##36963419##139##, ##REF##35312186##159##). To ensure an acceptable level of accuracy, it will also be important to assess the composite CoR in geographic settings where extrinsic environmental factors, host genetic backgrounds, and circulating variants contribute to the overall effect on the immune response. All the variables previously described need to be thought of in the general context of laboratory diagnostics, paying attention to sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive value, reliability, precision, dilution, linearity, robustness, stability, preanalytics, scalability (automation), cost-efficiency, <italic>In Vitro</italic> Diagnostic Regulation certification, and the use of qualified standard and control materials. Laboratory quality is essential for meaningful follow-up of quantitative antibody levels.</p>","<p>While the development of a composite CoR is a sizeable undertaking, steps can be taken to address this need. Studies need to adapt to the requirements of new variants, controlling for patient settings (vaccination types, earlier infections), and levels of disease severity. The emergence of VOCs means that a CoR will undoubtedly be variant-specific and the timing of infections and vaccination, how variants impact disease severity, antibody kinetics, and assay reactivity, must be respected. Frequently revisiting the data would be helpful as overall epidemiology changes; since almost all epidemiologic population-based studies have ended, background data is increasingly difficult to acquire, and this must be reversed. While serologic testing has retreated from the political agenda and public interest, we have an obligation to broaden the scientific knowledge base, and collect data to inform public health authorities, given that COVID-19 still causes a significant number of deaths and there is a considerable population of those with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection [long COVID; (##REF##36474804##160##)].</p>","<p>A composite CoR will differ depending on the clinical endpoint (##REF##20463105##26##). Definitions of symptomatic or severe disease are often not consistent across studies (##REF##34002089##100##). Clinical outcomes must be precisely defined: an evaluation of the primary endpoints of 19 clinical trials for severe COVID-19 revealed the complexity of this task, reporting 12 different primary endpoints (##REF##32753131##161##). In addition, the ideal timeframe for predictive ability is yet to be determined.</p>","<p>While we support the development of a composite CoR and serologic testing by high- quality controlled assays, viruses such as influenza have significant strain variation and similar disease severity, so the importance of a composite CoR for SARS-CoV-2 should be judged against other pathogens of interest. Assessment of cost-effectiveness will likely inform upon the need for a composite CoR.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>Discussion</title>\",\n \"<p>A composite CoR would be helpful particularly for high-risk groups, such as solid organ transplant recipients (##REF##36799932##157##), and those in occupations with high risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. However, whether a composite CoR would operate at the individual or population level is yet uncertain.</p>\",\n \"<p>For health policymakers, a composite CoR could be useful for: (1) predicting the durability of protection, supporting serosurveys to determine the protection levels of individuals and populations; (2) aiding decision-making with regard to monitoring vaccination efficacy and identifying individuals who would benefit from booster vaccinations; (3) evaluating the need for extra protection of vulnerable communities in the face of new variants with low cross protection and less efficacious vaccines; (4) licensing new vaccines; and (5) developing clear immunologic vaccine trial endpoints.</p>\",\n \"<p>A previous systematic review by Perry and colleagues found mixed evidence for a serologic CoP, with the lack of standardization between laboratory methodology, differing assay targets and sampling time points, and the lack of information on the SARS-CoV-2 variant confounding interpretation (##REF##35395052##158##). We have highlighted various parameters that should be controlled for in any measure of risk, some of which will be challenging to obtain (such as host genetics). Comparing different protection studies is also difficult as infectious pressure in the observation time period is often uncertain as, in reality, community data are incomplete and the number of oligosymptomatic infections is unclear. Of course, individual responses to infection and vaccination with regards to antibody production will make long-term assessment difficult, intrinsic risk will vary by age and protection will not be linear (##REF##36963419##139##, ##REF##35312186##159##). To ensure an acceptable level of accuracy, it will also be important to assess the composite CoR in geographic settings where extrinsic environmental factors, host genetic backgrounds, and circulating variants contribute to the overall effect on the immune response. All the variables previously described need to be thought of in the general context of laboratory diagnostics, paying attention to sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive value, reliability, precision, dilution, linearity, robustness, stability, preanalytics, scalability (automation), cost-efficiency, <italic>In Vitro</italic> Diagnostic Regulation certification, and the use of qualified standard and control materials. Laboratory quality is essential for meaningful follow-up of quantitative antibody levels.</p>\",\n \"<p>While the development of a composite CoR is a sizeable undertaking, steps can be taken to address this need. Studies need to adapt to the requirements of new variants, controlling for patient settings (vaccination types, earlier infections), and levels of disease severity. The emergence of VOCs means that a CoR will undoubtedly be variant-specific and the timing of infections and vaccination, how variants impact disease severity, antibody kinetics, and assay reactivity, must be respected. Frequently revisiting the data would be helpful as overall epidemiology changes; since almost all epidemiologic population-based studies have ended, background data is increasingly difficult to acquire, and this must be reversed. While serologic testing has retreated from the political agenda and public interest, we have an obligation to broaden the scientific knowledge base, and collect data to inform public health authorities, given that COVID-19 still causes a significant number of deaths and there is a considerable population of those with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection [long COVID; (##REF##36474804##160##)].</p>\",\n \"<p>A composite CoR will differ depending on the clinical endpoint (##REF##20463105##26##). Definitions of symptomatic or severe disease are often not consistent across studies (##REF##34002089##100##). Clinical outcomes must be precisely defined: an evaluation of the primary endpoints of 19 clinical trials for severe COVID-19 revealed the complexity of this task, reporting 12 different primary endpoints (##REF##32753131##161##). In addition, the ideal timeframe for predictive ability is yet to be determined.</p>\",\n \"<p>While we support the development of a composite CoR and serologic testing by high- quality controlled assays, viruses such as influenza have significant strain variation and similar disease severity, so the importance of a composite CoR for SARS-CoV-2 should be judged against other pathogens of interest. Assessment of cost-effectiveness will likely inform upon the need for a composite CoR.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"conclusion":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"front":{"kind":"list like","value":["<p>Edited by: Ritthideach Yorsaeng, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand</p>","<p>Reviewed by: Igor Stoma, Gomel State Medical University, Belarus; Giulia Piccini, Vismederi srl, Italy</p>","<p>Much of the global population now has some level of adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 induced by exposure to the virus (natural infection), vaccination, or a combination of both (hybrid immunity). Key questions that subsequently arise relate to the duration and the level of protection an individual might expect based on their infection and vaccination history. A multi-component composite correlate of risk (CoR) could inform individuals and stakeholders about protection and aid decision making. This perspective evaluates the various elements that need to be accommodated in the development of an antibody-based composite CoR for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 or development of severe COVID-19, including variation in exposure dose, transmission route, viral genetic variation, patient factors, and vaccination status. We provide an overview of antibody dynamics to aid exploration of the specifics of SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We further discuss anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays, sample matrices, testing formats, frequency of sampling and the optimal time point for such sampling. While the development of a composite CoR is challenging, we provide our recommendations for each of these key areas and highlight areas that require further work to be undertaken.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<p>Edited by: Ritthideach Yorsaeng, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand</p>\",\n \"<p>Reviewed by: Igor Stoma, Gomel State Medical University, Belarus; Giulia Piccini, Vismederi srl, Italy</p>\",\n \"<p>Much of the global population now has some level of adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 induced by exposure to the virus (natural infection), vaccination, or a combination of both (hybrid immunity). Key questions that subsequently arise relate to the duration and the level of protection an individual might expect based on their infection and vaccination history. A multi-component composite correlate of risk (CoR) could inform individuals and stakeholders about protection and aid decision making. This perspective evaluates the various elements that need to be accommodated in the development of an antibody-based composite CoR for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 or development of severe COVID-19, including variation in exposure dose, transmission route, viral genetic variation, patient factors, and vaccination status. We provide an overview of antibody dynamics to aid exploration of the specifics of SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We further discuss anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays, sample matrices, testing formats, frequency of sampling and the optimal time point for such sampling. While the development of a composite CoR is challenging, we provide our recommendations for each of these key areas and highlight areas that require further work to be undertaken.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"body":{"kind":"list like","value":["<title>A composite CoR: a brief summary of extrinsic viral and intrinsic host elements that should be considered</title>","<title>Variation in exposure dose and transmission route</title>","<p>Viral load varies widely between infected individuals and over time (##REF##34035154##36##), with viral emissions independent of symptom severity (##REF##37307844##37##). Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 is tempered by the use of personal protective measures and, at the population level, adherence to public health measures that reduce exposure has been variable (##REF##36517788##38##, ##REF##33119562##39##), making assessment of exposure dose complex.</p>","<p>Controlled human infections to directly study the impact of viral inoculum and disease severity are controversial (##REF##32479747##40##), and only one human challenge trial of SARS-CoV-2 using a single low inoculum dose has been reported to date (##REF##35361992##41##). However, the initial infective dose of SARS-CoV-2 is thought to be associated with disease severity (##UREF##3##42–44##), since relationships between dose and severity exist for many other viral infections (##REF##33631099##44##). Evidence from SARS-CoV-2 animal models suggests that the route of transmission similarly affects disease severity (##REF##36680215##45##).</p>","<title>Viral genetic variation</title>","<p>Risk reduction depends on the dominant variant in circulation. Continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 can lead to significant changes in viral transmission and impact reinfection rates (##REF##37020110##46##). Mechanistically, the receptor binding domain (RBD) within the viral spike (S) glycoprotein engages in initiation of infection via interaction with the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor (##REF##32573433##47##). The RBD is a target for many nAbs (##REF##32573433##47##) and mutations are frequently located at the RBD–ACE2 interface (##REF##34075212##48##). It is therefore not surprising that changes to the viral epitope can reduce antibody binding (##REF##34075212##48##), helping to drive immune escape from anti-RBD nAbs (##REF##35300999##49##), decreasing previously generated protective immunity (##REF##34242578##50–52##), and leading to variant-specific risks of severe illness (##REF##35389318##53##, ##REF##36754948##54##).</p>","<title>Patient factors</title>","<p>Patient differences impact susceptibility to reinfection and disease severity. The immune response declines with increasing age (##REF##30501873##55##, ##REF##31107822##56##), and age is the strongest predictor of SARS-CoV-2 infection–fatality ratio (##REF##35219376##57##). Older individuals have been shown to exhibit reduced binding antibody titers and neutralization following vaccination (##REF##34192737##58–60##). Pregnant women are also at high risk of severe outcomes (##REF##32873575##61##). Similarly, immunocompromised or immunosuppressed individuals, or those affected by cancer or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), exhibit reduced immune responses to infection or an increased risk of hospitalization (##REF##35761439##62–66##). Other co-morbidities are frequently observed in those with severe COVID-19 (##REF##34197283##67##, ##REF##33888907##68##).</p>","<title>Vaccination status and exposure history</title>","<p>COVID-19 vaccines include recombinant subunit, nucleic acid, viral vector and whole virus vaccines, among others, and some vaccines have been adapted for Omicron variants (##REF##36995773##69##). The use of different vaccines, combinations, the number of boosters received, the interval between boosters, the occurrence of natural infection, and combinations thereof, trigger the immune system to varying degrees in depth, breadth or duration of response (##REF##34806056##35##, ##REF##35639598##66##, ##REF##36625442##70–83##). Pre-existing heterotypic immunity, due to past infections with other coronaviruses, may also influence the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 (##REF##36298814##84##, ##REF##37242383##85##).</p>","<p>Following primary infection, severely ill patients exhibit higher binding and neutralizing antibody titers or activity compared with individuals with mild disease (##REF##33397909##86–91##). Persistence of nAbs has also been associated with disease severity (##REF##33778792##92##). In the event of reinfection, there is an implicit assumption that nAb titers ameliorate severe COVID-19 (##UREF##4##93##, ##UREF##5##94##). In brief, in infection-naïve individuals, post-vaccination antibody titers (anti-S IgG and nAbs) correlate with higher vaccine efficacy (##REF##34210573##71##), and post-vaccination anti-RBD IgG and nAbs levels associate with protection against infection and symptomatic disease even during the Omicron era (##REF##37219906##95##) or inversely correlate with risk of death (anti-S IgG below 20th percentile) (##REF##37363799##96##). Generally, individuals with higher nAbs (levels or capacity) are considered increasingly protected from infection (##REF##34560135##97–99##), symptomatic reinfection (##REF##33369366##99–101##), severe disease (##REF##34002089##100##), or death (##REF##33976165##102##) compared with individuals with lower nAbs. There is evidence that neutralization capacity can be strain specific (##REF##35867411##103##).</p>","<p>In summary, viral and host elements modify the risk of reinfection or development of severe COVID-19 in various manners (##FIG##0##Figure 1##).</p>","<title>A composite CoR: antibody dynamics, serology in practice and challenges, and expert recommendations</title>","<p>The antibody component of a composite CoR should be developed under defined conditions. To provide insight into these conditions, an understanding of antibody dynamics is required.</p>","<title>SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics</title>","<p>Natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 elicits a diversity of antibodies including those targeting S and nucleocapsid (N) antigens (##REF##36162282##75##, ##REF##34597764##109##) and the development of anti-RBD IgG antibodies is associated with improved patient survival (##REF##32991329##110##). A detailed systematic review of 66 studies investigated antibody responses (##REF##33721517##111##). Collectively, the evidence supports the induction of IgM production in the acute phase of natural infection (peak prevalence: 20 days) followed by IgA (peak prevalence: 23 days), IgG (peak prevalence: 25 days), and nAbs (peak prevalence: 31 days) after symptom onset (##REF##33721517##111##).</p>","<p>Serum IgG has the longest half-life compared with the relatively transient IgA or IgM (##REF##33288662##112##). A longitudinal analysis of 4,558 individuals, measuring total anti-N antibodies, revealed that, while total antibodies begin to decline after 90–100 days, they may persist for over 500 days after natural infection (##REF##35514141##113##). Specifically measuring nAb via plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) shows that infection yields a robust nAb response in most individuals (##REF##33397909##86##). Some studies report that anti-S antibodies show greater persistence than anti-N antibodies (##REF##35851013##114##, ##REF##33129373##115##).</p>","<p>Dramatic inductions of anti-S or anti-RBD IgG antibodies is indicative of vaccination (##REF##36162282##75##, ##REF##36262278##116##, ##REF##37112752##117##). Primary vaccination by some vaccines [but not all (##REF##36016228##118##)], or boosters generates high nAb titers (##REF##37112752##117##, ##REF##35798000##119##, ##REF##35532938##120##) or neutralizing responses (##REF##36262278##116##). Notably, nAbs wane over time (##REF##34806056##35##) with a half-life of 108 days (##REF##34002089##100##)—although the level of decay may be assay or variant dependent (##REF##35798000##119##) – and multiple clinical factors affect the duration of neutralization responses after primary vaccination (##REF##35639598##66##) (see also ##FIG##0##Figure 1##).</p>","<title>Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing</title>","<title>Commercial high-throughput immunoassays</title>","<p>Numerous immunoassays for the detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are available, differing in the immunoglobulin class detected, target viral antigen, format, and output [qualitative, (semi)-quantitative] [reviewed in detail (##REF##36394900##121##, ##REF##35153046##122##)].</p>","<p>Head-to-head comparisons from the pre-Omicron era reveal variable levels of performance between the assays (##REF##34623233##123–127##), caused by numerous technical factors including assay methodology, format and antibodies used, timing of testing, and the targeted viral antigen. Comparison studies show that sensitivity for detecting prior infection by different serologic assays changes over time (##REF##33140086##128##). Commercial assays developed early during the pandemic are based on ancestral/wild-type antigens. Subsequently, there is potential for differential performance in the Omicron-era: in particular, S- and RBD-specific immunoassays have shown significantly reduced performance (##REF##36207814##129–131##), and decreased comparability of quantitative results (##REF##36137554##132##).</p>","<p>Most common commercial immunoassays detect both binding and nAbs without differentiating between them, however certain assays measuring IgG or total antibodies correlate well with neutralizing capacity (##REF##34812653##28##, ##REF##34560135##97##, ##REF##34607239##133–139##), acting as surrogates of neutralization. Cell-based virus neutralization tests can be used to measure neutralizing capability, but these are typically not readily available in clinical laboratories due to inherent test performance challenges associated with their methodology (including the need for biosafety level 3 containment for live-virus neutralization assays), time and cost (##UREF##6##140##).</p>","<title>Expert recommendations</title>","<p>Mature immune responses are dominated by IgG. Serologic assays that measure IgG or total antibodies (if skewed toward IgG) that correlate with neutralizing activity and focus on anti-RBD should be used for the serologic component of a composite CoR; anti-N antibodies are unlikely to be neutralizing as the N protein is located within the viral envelope (##REF##36162282##75##).</p>","<p>Assays should be adapted for accurate measurement of the modified antigen, if applicable. However, frequent adaptation of assays is unlikely if several variants are circulating in parallel and due to regulatory requirements for assays. Therefore, studies are needed to determine assay applicability in the present conditions, especially since RBD mutations frequently occur and recombinant versions of RBD or S are commonly used in immunoassays (##REF##35153046##122##). Accordingly, the upper and lower thresholds of any CoR may need modification.</p>","<p>External ring trials show poor comparability of assays from different manufacturers (##REF##34190575##141##, ##REF##36462465##142##) and there are significant challenges with the current binding antibody units (BAU) standardization, due to multiple factors, including different assay methods, antibody class(es) detected and target antigen used. Of note, BAU reference materials were derived from UK convalescent individuals infected in 2020 (##UREF##7##143##) (pre-Omicron), and there are vastly different BAU standardized values (##REF##37658454##144##). While new reference materials include VOCs, they still contain antibodies derived during the pre-Omicron era (##UREF##8##145##). Antibody measurements should be harmonized across assays from different manufacturers, irrespective of the different epitopes utilized, to reduce variability. To support this, there is an urgent need for external quality assessment, production of robust traceable certified reference materials, standards for different variants, and improved documentation of the methods on laboratory reports. Age-specific normalization of reference intervals in defined groups, by means of z-log transformation and documentation in antibody passes, may further improve the comparability of assays. Stakeholders should agree on minimum performance-based criteria to develop the gold standard for CoR, allowing validation of secondary assays.</p>","<p>Finally, systemic cellular assays could provide a comprehensive profile of the immune response, especially in immunocompromised and susceptible individuals who are not able to mount a robust antibody response. Currently, they lack scientific evidence and their use in clinical practice still remains uncertain.</p>","<title>Sample matrices</title>","<p>Systemic anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing can be performed on blood, plasma/serum, or dried blood spots (DBS) (##REF##35153046##122##, ##REF##34333234##146–148##). An advantage of whole blood or DBS collection is the ease in obtaining the sample. While many methodologies focus on systemic testing, infection with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccination against COVID-19 induces mucosal antibodies (##REF##33899752##149##, ##REF##34960244##150##), thus secretions such as saliva offer another possibility. Antibody dynamics will differ depending on the material in question (##REF##33221383##151##), and sample types are subject to specific idiosyncrasies, such as additional pre-processing, that need to be accounted for (##REF##36059541##152##). Of note, the collection protocol (passive drool versus swab-stimulated saliva, for instance) can influence the antibody yield (##REF##35848513##153##). Currently secretion-based testing is less suitable for a composite CoR as performance is variable (##REF##34695724##154##).</p>","<title>Expert recommendations</title>","<p>A composite CoR will likely be sample matrix-specific. Our preference is for plasma/serum, as this sample matrix has the largest evidence base, shows the least variability, experiences less interference than whole blood, and is consistent with CoRs established for other infectious diseases. DBS would be also possible, but variability is high, and few laboratories have an established workflow.</p>","<title>Serologic testing formats</title>","<p>Formats include high-throughput automated enzyme immunoassay/ electrochemiluminescence immunoassay/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (certified and used in central laboratories and hospitals), point-of-care (POC) testing (used in emergencies and outpatients setting), and direct-to-consumer testing (at-home use with online services). POC testing is gaining in popularity, but methodological variation is higher (##REF##33208477##155##) and any method that relies upon sampling from untrained individuals is less reliable for (semi)quantitative measurements (##REF##36596443##156##).</p>","<title>Expert recommendations</title>","<p>We recommend automated assays that are approved by location-specific regulatory agencies and performed in certified and centralized laboratories. Home sampling/DBS would contribute to a reduction in clinician workload, particularly in high-density residential facilities, but methods are not yet sufficiently robust. Currently, there is no clear benefit in POC testing as urgent results are not critical.</p>","<title>Frequency of sampling and optimal time point</title>","<p>Considering antibody dynamics, several important questions arise: what is the optimal time point for measurement; would the timing differ depending on the vaccine schedule, and/or the presence of previous infection of a specified severity; should antibody levels be measured once or serially? While single values can be plotted into modeled curves showing decrease rates over time, serial measurements could further refine the composite CoR. Only individuals with symptomatic disease or vaccination are known to stabilize the curve—infections that are sufficiently mild to lack detection will impact the composite CoR model.</p>","<title>Expert recommendations</title>","<p>As most individuals have experienced infection or vaccination, and titers are generally high and more stable than with single exposures, sampling should be performed annually or less. Serologic evaluation should be conducted more frequently in the older adult or immunocompromised than the general population (time interval to be defined), depending on any underlying disease and/or treatment.</p>","<title>Data availability statement</title>","<p>The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.</p>","<title>Author contributions</title>","<p>SH: Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. CD: Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing. JI: Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing. ET: Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing. AW: Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>A composite CoR: a brief summary of extrinsic viral and intrinsic host elements that should be considered</title>\",\n \"<title>Variation in exposure dose and transmission route</title>\",\n \"<p>Viral load varies widely between infected individuals and over time (##REF##34035154##36##), with viral emissions independent of symptom severity (##REF##37307844##37##). Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 is tempered by the use of personal protective measures and, at the population level, adherence to public health measures that reduce exposure has been variable (##REF##36517788##38##, ##REF##33119562##39##), making assessment of exposure dose complex.</p>\",\n \"<p>Controlled human infections to directly study the impact of viral inoculum and disease severity are controversial (##REF##32479747##40##), and only one human challenge trial of SARS-CoV-2 using a single low inoculum dose has been reported to date (##REF##35361992##41##). However, the initial infective dose of SARS-CoV-2 is thought to be associated with disease severity (##UREF##3##42–44##), since relationships between dose and severity exist for many other viral infections (##REF##33631099##44##). Evidence from SARS-CoV-2 animal models suggests that the route of transmission similarly affects disease severity (##REF##36680215##45##).</p>\",\n \"<title>Viral genetic variation</title>\",\n \"<p>Risk reduction depends on the dominant variant in circulation. Continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 can lead to significant changes in viral transmission and impact reinfection rates (##REF##37020110##46##). Mechanistically, the receptor binding domain (RBD) within the viral spike (S) glycoprotein engages in initiation of infection via interaction with the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor (##REF##32573433##47##). The RBD is a target for many nAbs (##REF##32573433##47##) and mutations are frequently located at the RBD–ACE2 interface (##REF##34075212##48##). It is therefore not surprising that changes to the viral epitope can reduce antibody binding (##REF##34075212##48##), helping to drive immune escape from anti-RBD nAbs (##REF##35300999##49##), decreasing previously generated protective immunity (##REF##34242578##50–52##), and leading to variant-specific risks of severe illness (##REF##35389318##53##, ##REF##36754948##54##).</p>\",\n \"<title>Patient factors</title>\",\n \"<p>Patient differences impact susceptibility to reinfection and disease severity. The immune response declines with increasing age (##REF##30501873##55##, ##REF##31107822##56##), and age is the strongest predictor of SARS-CoV-2 infection–fatality ratio (##REF##35219376##57##). Older individuals have been shown to exhibit reduced binding antibody titers and neutralization following vaccination (##REF##34192737##58–60##). Pregnant women are also at high risk of severe outcomes (##REF##32873575##61##). Similarly, immunocompromised or immunosuppressed individuals, or those affected by cancer or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), exhibit reduced immune responses to infection or an increased risk of hospitalization (##REF##35761439##62–66##). Other co-morbidities are frequently observed in those with severe COVID-19 (##REF##34197283##67##, ##REF##33888907##68##).</p>\",\n \"<title>Vaccination status and exposure history</title>\",\n \"<p>COVID-19 vaccines include recombinant subunit, nucleic acid, viral vector and whole virus vaccines, among others, and some vaccines have been adapted for Omicron variants (##REF##36995773##69##). The use of different vaccines, combinations, the number of boosters received, the interval between boosters, the occurrence of natural infection, and combinations thereof, trigger the immune system to varying degrees in depth, breadth or duration of response (##REF##34806056##35##, ##REF##35639598##66##, ##REF##36625442##70–83##). Pre-existing heterotypic immunity, due to past infections with other coronaviruses, may also influence the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 (##REF##36298814##84##, ##REF##37242383##85##).</p>\",\n \"<p>Following primary infection, severely ill patients exhibit higher binding and neutralizing antibody titers or activity compared with individuals with mild disease (##REF##33397909##86–91##). Persistence of nAbs has also been associated with disease severity (##REF##33778792##92##). In the event of reinfection, there is an implicit assumption that nAb titers ameliorate severe COVID-19 (##UREF##4##93##, ##UREF##5##94##). In brief, in infection-naïve individuals, post-vaccination antibody titers (anti-S IgG and nAbs) correlate with higher vaccine efficacy (##REF##34210573##71##), and post-vaccination anti-RBD IgG and nAbs levels associate with protection against infection and symptomatic disease even during the Omicron era (##REF##37219906##95##) or inversely correlate with risk of death (anti-S IgG below 20th percentile) (##REF##37363799##96##). Generally, individuals with higher nAbs (levels or capacity) are considered increasingly protected from infection (##REF##34560135##97–99##), symptomatic reinfection (##REF##33369366##99–101##), severe disease (##REF##34002089##100##), or death (##REF##33976165##102##) compared with individuals with lower nAbs. There is evidence that neutralization capacity can be strain specific (##REF##35867411##103##).</p>\",\n \"<p>In summary, viral and host elements modify the risk of reinfection or development of severe COVID-19 in various manners (##FIG##0##Figure 1##).</p>\",\n \"<title>A composite CoR: antibody dynamics, serology in practice and challenges, and expert recommendations</title>\",\n \"<p>The antibody component of a composite CoR should be developed under defined conditions. To provide insight into these conditions, an understanding of antibody dynamics is required.</p>\",\n \"<title>SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics</title>\",\n \"<p>Natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 elicits a diversity of antibodies including those targeting S and nucleocapsid (N) antigens (##REF##36162282##75##, ##REF##34597764##109##) and the development of anti-RBD IgG antibodies is associated with improved patient survival (##REF##32991329##110##). A detailed systematic review of 66 studies investigated antibody responses (##REF##33721517##111##). Collectively, the evidence supports the induction of IgM production in the acute phase of natural infection (peak prevalence: 20 days) followed by IgA (peak prevalence: 23 days), IgG (peak prevalence: 25 days), and nAbs (peak prevalence: 31 days) after symptom onset (##REF##33721517##111##).</p>\",\n \"<p>Serum IgG has the longest half-life compared with the relatively transient IgA or IgM (##REF##33288662##112##). A longitudinal analysis of 4,558 individuals, measuring total anti-N antibodies, revealed that, while total antibodies begin to decline after 90–100 days, they may persist for over 500 days after natural infection (##REF##35514141##113##). Specifically measuring nAb via plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) shows that infection yields a robust nAb response in most individuals (##REF##33397909##86##). Some studies report that anti-S antibodies show greater persistence than anti-N antibodies (##REF##35851013##114##, ##REF##33129373##115##).</p>\",\n \"<p>Dramatic inductions of anti-S or anti-RBD IgG antibodies is indicative of vaccination (##REF##36162282##75##, ##REF##36262278##116##, ##REF##37112752##117##). Primary vaccination by some vaccines [but not all (##REF##36016228##118##)], or boosters generates high nAb titers (##REF##37112752##117##, ##REF##35798000##119##, ##REF##35532938##120##) or neutralizing responses (##REF##36262278##116##). Notably, nAbs wane over time (##REF##34806056##35##) with a half-life of 108 days (##REF##34002089##100##)—although the level of decay may be assay or variant dependent (##REF##35798000##119##) – and multiple clinical factors affect the duration of neutralization responses after primary vaccination (##REF##35639598##66##) (see also ##FIG##0##Figure 1##).</p>\",\n \"<title>Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing</title>\",\n \"<title>Commercial high-throughput immunoassays</title>\",\n \"<p>Numerous immunoassays for the detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are available, differing in the immunoglobulin class detected, target viral antigen, format, and output [qualitative, (semi)-quantitative] [reviewed in detail (##REF##36394900##121##, ##REF##35153046##122##)].</p>\",\n \"<p>Head-to-head comparisons from the pre-Omicron era reveal variable levels of performance between the assays (##REF##34623233##123–127##), caused by numerous technical factors including assay methodology, format and antibodies used, timing of testing, and the targeted viral antigen. Comparison studies show that sensitivity for detecting prior infection by different serologic assays changes over time (##REF##33140086##128##). Commercial assays developed early during the pandemic are based on ancestral/wild-type antigens. Subsequently, there is potential for differential performance in the Omicron-era: in particular, S- and RBD-specific immunoassays have shown significantly reduced performance (##REF##36207814##129–131##), and decreased comparability of quantitative results (##REF##36137554##132##).</p>\",\n \"<p>Most common commercial immunoassays detect both binding and nAbs without differentiating between them, however certain assays measuring IgG or total antibodies correlate well with neutralizing capacity (##REF##34812653##28##, ##REF##34560135##97##, ##REF##34607239##133–139##), acting as surrogates of neutralization. Cell-based virus neutralization tests can be used to measure neutralizing capability, but these are typically not readily available in clinical laboratories due to inherent test performance challenges associated with their methodology (including the need for biosafety level 3 containment for live-virus neutralization assays), time and cost (##UREF##6##140##).</p>\",\n \"<title>Expert recommendations</title>\",\n \"<p>Mature immune responses are dominated by IgG. Serologic assays that measure IgG or total antibodies (if skewed toward IgG) that correlate with neutralizing activity and focus on anti-RBD should be used for the serologic component of a composite CoR; anti-N antibodies are unlikely to be neutralizing as the N protein is located within the viral envelope (##REF##36162282##75##).</p>\",\n \"<p>Assays should be adapted for accurate measurement of the modified antigen, if applicable. However, frequent adaptation of assays is unlikely if several variants are circulating in parallel and due to regulatory requirements for assays. Therefore, studies are needed to determine assay applicability in the present conditions, especially since RBD mutations frequently occur and recombinant versions of RBD or S are commonly used in immunoassays (##REF##35153046##122##). Accordingly, the upper and lower thresholds of any CoR may need modification.</p>\",\n \"<p>External ring trials show poor comparability of assays from different manufacturers (##REF##34190575##141##, ##REF##36462465##142##) and there are significant challenges with the current binding antibody units (BAU) standardization, due to multiple factors, including different assay methods, antibody class(es) detected and target antigen used. Of note, BAU reference materials were derived from UK convalescent individuals infected in 2020 (##UREF##7##143##) (pre-Omicron), and there are vastly different BAU standardized values (##REF##37658454##144##). While new reference materials include VOCs, they still contain antibodies derived during the pre-Omicron era (##UREF##8##145##). Antibody measurements should be harmonized across assays from different manufacturers, irrespective of the different epitopes utilized, to reduce variability. To support this, there is an urgent need for external quality assessment, production of robust traceable certified reference materials, standards for different variants, and improved documentation of the methods on laboratory reports. Age-specific normalization of reference intervals in defined groups, by means of z-log transformation and documentation in antibody passes, may further improve the comparability of assays. Stakeholders should agree on minimum performance-based criteria to develop the gold standard for CoR, allowing validation of secondary assays.</p>\",\n \"<p>Finally, systemic cellular assays could provide a comprehensive profile of the immune response, especially in immunocompromised and susceptible individuals who are not able to mount a robust antibody response. Currently, they lack scientific evidence and their use in clinical practice still remains uncertain.</p>\",\n \"<title>Sample matrices</title>\",\n \"<p>Systemic anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing can be performed on blood, plasma/serum, or dried blood spots (DBS) (##REF##35153046##122##, ##REF##34333234##146–148##). An advantage of whole blood or DBS collection is the ease in obtaining the sample. While many methodologies focus on systemic testing, infection with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccination against COVID-19 induces mucosal antibodies (##REF##33899752##149##, ##REF##34960244##150##), thus secretions such as saliva offer another possibility. Antibody dynamics will differ depending on the material in question (##REF##33221383##151##), and sample types are subject to specific idiosyncrasies, such as additional pre-processing, that need to be accounted for (##REF##36059541##152##). Of note, the collection protocol (passive drool versus swab-stimulated saliva, for instance) can influence the antibody yield (##REF##35848513##153##). Currently secretion-based testing is less suitable for a composite CoR as performance is variable (##REF##34695724##154##).</p>\",\n \"<title>Expert recommendations</title>\",\n \"<p>A composite CoR will likely be sample matrix-specific. Our preference is for plasma/serum, as this sample matrix has the largest evidence base, shows the least variability, experiences less interference than whole blood, and is consistent with CoRs established for other infectious diseases. DBS would be also possible, but variability is high, and few laboratories have an established workflow.</p>\",\n \"<title>Serologic testing formats</title>\",\n \"<p>Formats include high-throughput automated enzyme immunoassay/ electrochemiluminescence immunoassay/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (certified and used in central laboratories and hospitals), point-of-care (POC) testing (used in emergencies and outpatients setting), and direct-to-consumer testing (at-home use with online services). POC testing is gaining in popularity, but methodological variation is higher (##REF##33208477##155##) and any method that relies upon sampling from untrained individuals is less reliable for (semi)quantitative measurements (##REF##36596443##156##).</p>\",\n \"<title>Expert recommendations</title>\",\n \"<p>We recommend automated assays that are approved by location-specific regulatory agencies and performed in certified and centralized laboratories. Home sampling/DBS would contribute to a reduction in clinician workload, particularly in high-density residential facilities, but methods are not yet sufficiently robust. Currently, there is no clear benefit in POC testing as urgent results are not critical.</p>\",\n \"<title>Frequency of sampling and optimal time point</title>\",\n \"<p>Considering antibody dynamics, several important questions arise: what is the optimal time point for measurement; would the timing differ depending on the vaccine schedule, and/or the presence of previous infection of a specified severity; should antibody levels be measured once or serially? While single values can be plotted into modeled curves showing decrease rates over time, serial measurements could further refine the composite CoR. Only individuals with symptomatic disease or vaccination are known to stabilize the curve—infections that are sufficiently mild to lack detection will impact the composite CoR model.</p>\",\n \"<title>Expert recommendations</title>\",\n \"<p>As most individuals have experienced infection or vaccination, and titers are generally high and more stable than with single exposures, sampling should be performed annually or less. Serologic evaluation should be conducted more frequently in the older adult or immunocompromised than the general population (time interval to be defined), depending on any underlying disease and/or treatment.</p>\",\n \"<title>Data availability statement</title>\",\n \"<p>The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.</p>\",\n \"<title>Author contributions</title>\",\n \"<p>SH: Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. CD: Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing. JI: Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing. ET: Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing. AW: Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"back":{"kind":"list like","value":["<p>The authors thank Corrinne Segal of Elements Communications Limited (London, United Kingdom) for editorial assistance. This article has previously been submitted to the Authorea preprint server and can be found at <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169412008.83234734/v1\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169412008.83234734/v1</ext-link>.</p>","<title>Conflict of interest</title>","<p>SH has received grants from Roche Diagnostics, Sysmex and Volition, consulting fees from Instand e.V, EQAS, Merck KG, Roche Diagnostics and Thermo Fisher Scientific, speaker’s honoraria from BMS, Medica, Roche Diagnostics and Trillium, and has leadership roles in the International Society of Oncology and Biomarkers (board member and secretary), DGKL Competence Field Molecular Diagnostic (vice speaker) and Federal Medical Association, D5 Group (delegate of the DGKL). CD has received speaker’s honoraria from Abbott Diagnostics, Roche Diagnostics and Siemens Healthineers. JI has received grants from Roche Diagnostics. ET has received consulting fees from EUROIMMUN US, Serimmune and Roche Diagnostics, speaker’s honoraria from the American Society for Microbiology and EUROIMMUN US, and support for meetings from the American Society for Microbiology, the New York City Branch of the American Society of Microbiology and the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology. AW has received grants from numerous different public fundings, including the German Center for Infection Research, Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, and German Aif and Zim programs, royalties or licenses from Smart United GmbH, consulting fees from Roche Diagnostics and Roche Pharma, speaker’s honoraria from BÄMI and Roche Diagnostics, support for meetings from BÄMI and Roche Diagnostics, participated in advisory boards for Roche Diagnostics, declares stock or stock options in Smart United GmbH and Munich Innovative Biosolutions UG (haftungsbeschränkt), and has received reduced rates for materials and equipment from EUROIMMUN and Roche Diagnostics. SH is a founder of CEBIO and SFZ BioCoDE.</p>","<p>The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.</p>","<title>Publisher’s note</title>","<p>All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<p>The authors thank Corrinne Segal of Elements Communications Limited (London, United Kingdom) for editorial assistance. This article has previously been submitted to the Authorea preprint server and can be found at <ext-link xlink:href=\\\"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169412008.83234734/v1\\\" ext-link-type=\\\"uri\\\">https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169412008.83234734/v1</ext-link>.</p>\",\n \"<title>Conflict of interest</title>\",\n \"<p>SH has received grants from Roche Diagnostics, Sysmex and Volition, consulting fees from Instand e.V, EQAS, Merck KG, Roche Diagnostics and Thermo Fisher Scientific, speaker’s honoraria from BMS, Medica, Roche Diagnostics and Trillium, and has leadership roles in the International Society of Oncology and Biomarkers (board member and secretary), DGKL Competence Field Molecular Diagnostic (vice speaker) and Federal Medical Association, D5 Group (delegate of the DGKL). CD has received speaker’s honoraria from Abbott Diagnostics, Roche Diagnostics and Siemens Healthineers. JI has received grants from Roche Diagnostics. ET has received consulting fees from EUROIMMUN US, Serimmune and Roche Diagnostics, speaker’s honoraria from the American Society for Microbiology and EUROIMMUN US, and support for meetings from the American Society for Microbiology, the New York City Branch of the American Society of Microbiology and the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology. AW has received grants from numerous different public fundings, including the German Center for Infection Research, Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, and German Aif and Zim programs, royalties or licenses from Smart United GmbH, consulting fees from Roche Diagnostics and Roche Pharma, speaker’s honoraria from BÄMI and Roche Diagnostics, support for meetings from BÄMI and Roche Diagnostics, participated in advisory boards for Roche Diagnostics, declares stock or stock options in Smart United GmbH and Munich Innovative Biosolutions UG (haftungsbeschränkt), and has received reduced rates for materials and equipment from EUROIMMUN and Roche Diagnostics. SH is a founder of CEBIO and SFZ BioCoDE.</p>\",\n \"<p>The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.</p>\",\n \"<title>Publisher’s note</title>\",\n \"<p>All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"figure":{"kind":"list like","value":["<fig position=\"float\" id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Summary of host and viral elements that can impact the immune response and response to SARS-CoV-2 (selected examples, not exhaustive, variables ordered alphabetically within figure [not according to importance]). <bold>(A)</bold> Viral factors include genetic variation (##REF##34242578##50–54##), the exposure dose (##UREF##3##42–44##), and route of transmission (##REF##36680215##45##). <bold>(B)</bold> Host factors include patient factors, such as: ancestry, for example, non-European ancestry (##REF##33888907##68##); frailty (##REF##36680215##45##) and older age (##REF##30501873##55–60##, ##REF##33888907##68##); genetic predisposition (##REF##33888907##68##, ##REF##33307546##104–107##), including gene variants at 3p21.31 (##REF##33888907##68##, ##REF##34237774##107##) and variants involved in immune signaling [e.g., TLR7 (##REF##37020259##105##) and interferon (##REF##35255492##106##)]; male sex (##REF##33888907##68##); and current or recent pregnancy (##REF##32873575##61##). Equally, past infection with other coronaviruses (##REF##36298814##84##, ##REF##37242383##85##), whether an individual has received monoclonal antibodies (##REF##35218964##108##), and exposure history or vaccination status (type, provision of boosters, or intervals) (##REF##34806056##35##, ##REF##35639598##66##, ##REF##36625442##70–83##) are also relevant. Comorbidities similarly affect the immune response, such as: whether an individual has a history of malignancy (##REF##35639598##66##) or has received recent chemotherapy for cancer (##REF##36792435##63##); has disorders of lipid metabolism (##REF##34197283##67##); is a transplant recipient (##REF##35761439##62##); has uncontrolled HIV (##REF##37821620##65##); has hypertension (##REF##34197283##67##); is obese (##REF##34197283##67##, ##REF##33888907##68##); or takes immunosuppressants (##REF##35197265##64##). Other relevant variables include air pollution (##REF##36680215##45##), microbiota composition (##REF##36680215##45##), presence of co-infections (##REF##36680215##45##), and socioeconomic status (##REF##36680215##45##, ##REF##33888907##68##).</p></caption></fig>"],"string":"[\n \"<fig position=\\\"float\\\" id=\\\"fig1\\\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Summary of host and viral elements that can impact the immune response and response to SARS-CoV-2 (selected examples, not exhaustive, variables ordered alphabetically within figure [not according to importance]). <bold>(A)</bold> Viral factors include genetic variation (##REF##34242578##50–54##), the exposure dose (##UREF##3##42–44##), and route of transmission (##REF##36680215##45##). <bold>(B)</bold> Host factors include patient factors, such as: ancestry, for example, non-European ancestry (##REF##33888907##68##); frailty (##REF##36680215##45##) and older age (##REF##30501873##55–60##, ##REF##33888907##68##); genetic predisposition (##REF##33888907##68##, ##REF##33307546##104–107##), including gene variants at 3p21.31 (##REF##33888907##68##, ##REF##34237774##107##) and variants involved in immune signaling [e.g., TLR7 (##REF##37020259##105##) and interferon (##REF##35255492##106##)]; male sex (##REF##33888907##68##); and current or recent pregnancy (##REF##32873575##61##). Equally, past infection with other coronaviruses (##REF##36298814##84##, ##REF##37242383##85##), whether an individual has received monoclonal antibodies (##REF##35218964##108##), and exposure history or vaccination status (type, provision of boosters, or intervals) (##REF##34806056##35##, ##REF##35639598##66##, ##REF##36625442##70–83##) are also relevant. Comorbidities similarly affect the immune response, such as: whether an individual has a history of malignancy (##REF##35639598##66##) or has received recent chemotherapy for cancer (##REF##36792435##63##); has disorders of lipid metabolism (##REF##34197283##67##); is a transplant recipient (##REF##35761439##62##); has uncontrolled HIV (##REF##37821620##65##); has hypertension (##REF##34197283##67##); is obese (##REF##34197283##67##, ##REF##33888907##68##); or takes immunosuppressants (##REF##35197265##64##). Other relevant variables include air pollution (##REF##36680215##45##), microbiota composition (##REF##36680215##45##), presence of co-infections (##REF##36680215##45##), and socioeconomic status (##REF##36680215##45##, ##REF##33888907##68##).</p></caption></fig>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"table":{"kind":"list like","value":["<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Selection of peer-reviewed publications assessing reinfection or risk of severe COVID-19 after natural infection (ordered by study end date, earliest to most recent).</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"/><th align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"1\">Study</th><th align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"1\">Outcome measures of protection or risk</th></tr><tr><th rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"/><th align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Total size (enrolled; before exclusions)</th><th align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Time period</th><th align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Reported lineage</th><th align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Reported outcome measure (protection, risk, reinfection rate)</th><th align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Repeat infection outcome (selected comparisons, terminology as reported)</th><th align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Severe COVID-19 outcome (selected comparisons, terminology as reported)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" colspan=\"7\" rowspan=\"1\">Primary publications</td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Hansen et al. (##REF##33743221##7##)<break/>Non-vaccinated individuals<break/>Denmark</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">~ 4 million individuals</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">February 26, 2020–December 31, 2020</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>None</p></list-item></list>\n</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Protection</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Protection against repeat infection in those<sup>1</sup><break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>< 65 years:</p><p>80.5% (95% CI: 75.4–84.5)</p></list-item><list-item><p>≥ 65 years:</p><p>47.1% (96% CI 24.7–62.8)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item></list>\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Abu-Raddad et al. (##REF##33937733##8##)<break/>Non-vaccinated individuals<sup>2</sup><break/>Qatar</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">192,984 individuals</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">April 16, 2020–December 31, 2020</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>None</p></list-item></list>\n</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Protection</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Efficacy of natural infection against reinfection<sup>3</sup><break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>95.2% (95% CI: 94.1–96.0)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item><list-item><p>Of 129 cases with good or some evidence of reinfection, one reinfection was severe, two were moderate, and none were critical or fatal</p></list-item></list>\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Hall et al. (##REF##33844963##9##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>UK</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">30,625 individuals</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">June 18, 2020–January 11, 2021</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Not specified</p></list-item><list-item><p>B.1.1.7</p></list-item></list>\n</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Risk</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Risk of reinfection causing<sup>4</sup><break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>COVID-19 symptoms:</p><p>aIRR 0.074 (95% CI: 0.06–0.10)</p></list-item><list-item><p>All events (COVID-19 symptoms, other symptoms, asymptomatic):</p><p>aIRR 0.159 (95% CI: 0.13–0.19)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item></list>\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Lumley et al. (##REF##34216472##10##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>UK</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">13,109 individuals</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">March 27, 2020–February 28, 2021</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Non-S-gene target failure</p></list-item><list-item><p>B.1.1.7</p></list-item></list>\n</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Risk</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Risk of PCR-positive result (symptomatic or asymptomatic) in<break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Unvaccinated seropositive<sup>5</sup>:</p><p>aIRR 0.02 (95% CI: 0.01–0.18)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item></list>\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Abu-Raddad et al. (##REF##34914711##11##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>Qatar</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">193,233 individuals</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Before November 1, 2020–March 3, 2021</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>B.1.1.7</p></list-item><list-item><p>Variants of unknown status</p></list-item></list>\n</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Protection</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Efficacy of natural infection against reinfection with<sup>6</sup><break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>B.1.1.7, prior PCR-confirmed infection:</p><p>97.5% (95% CI: 95.7–98.6)</p></list-item><list-item><p>B.1.1.7, prior antibody-positive result:</p><p>97.0% (95% CI: 92.5–98.7)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Unknown variant, prior PCR-confirmed infection: 92.2% (95% CI: 90.6–93.5)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Unknown variant, prior antibody-positive result: 94.2% (95% CI: 91.8–96.0)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item></list>\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Chemaitelly, et al. (##REF##34910864##12##)<break/>Unvaccinated individualsQatar</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">380,914 individuals</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Before January 1, 2021–April 21, 2021<sup>7</sup></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>B.1.351</p></list-item><list-item><p>B.1.1.7</p></list-item><list-item><p>Variants of unknown status</p></list-item></list>\n</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Protection</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Efficacy of natural infection against reinfection with<sup>8</sup><break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>B.1.351:</p><p>92.3% (95% CI: 90.3–93.8)</p></list-item><list-item><p>B.1.1.7:</p><p>97.6% (95% CI: 95.7–98.7)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Variants of unknown status:</p><p>87.9% (95% CI: 84.7–90.5)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item></list>\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Nordström et al. (##REF##35366962##13##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>Sweden</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">~3.5 million individuals (3 cohorts)</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">March 20, 2020–September 5, 2021</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Alpha B.1.1.7</p></list-item><list-item><p>Beta B.1.351</p></list-item><list-item><p>Gamma P.1</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta B.1.617.2</p></list-item></list>\n</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Risk</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Risk of reinfection in those with<break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Natural immunity<sup>9</sup>:</p><p>aHR 0.05 (95% CI: 0.05–0.05)</p></list-item><list-item><p>One-dose hybrid immunity<sup>10</sup>:</p><p>aHR 0.42 (95% CI: 0.38–0.47)</p></list-item><list-item><p>One-dose hybrid immunity<sup>11</sup>:</p><p>aHR 0.55 (95% CI: 0.39–0.76)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Two-dose hybrid immunity, overall<sup>12</sup>:</p><p>aHR 0.34 (95% CI: 0.31–0.39)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Risk of hospitalization (HR)<break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Two-dose hybrid immunity<sup>13</sup>:</p><p>0.10 (95% CI: 0.04–0.22)</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Altarawneh et al. (##REF##35139269##14##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>Qatar</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">~2.3 million individuals</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">March 23, 2021–November 18, 2021</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Alpha</p></list-item><list-item><p>Beta</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron</p></list-item></list>\n</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Protection</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Effectiveness of previous infection in preventing reinfection with<sup>14</sup><break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Alpha:</p><p>90.2% (95% CI: 60.2–97.6)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Beta:</p><p>85.7% (95% CI: 75.8–91.7)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta:</p><p>92.0% (95% CI: 87.9–94.7)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron:</p><p>56.0% (95% CI: 50.6–60.9)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Effectiveness of previous infection in preventing severe, critical, or fatal disease caused by<break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Alpha: 69.4% (95% CI: −143.6 to 96.2)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Beta: 88.0% (95% CI: 50.7–97.1)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta: 100% (95% CI: 43.3–100)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron: 87.8% (95% CI: 47.5–97.1)</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Pulliam et al. (##REF##35289632##15##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>South Africa</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">~2.9 million individuals</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">March 4, 2020–January 31, 2022</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Beta (B.1.351)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta (B.1.617.2)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron (B.1.1.529)<sup>15</sup></p></list-item></list>\n</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Risk</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Risk of reinfection during<sup>16</sup><break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Wave 2 (Beta-driven) versus Wave 1: relative HR 0.71</p><p>(95% CI: 0.60–0.85)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Wave 3 (Delta-driven) versus Wave 1: relative HR 0.54</p><p>(95% CI: 0.45–0.64)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Wave 4 (Omicron-driven) versus Wave 1: relative 1.70</p><p>(95% CI: 1.44–2.04)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item></list>\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Guedes et al. (##REF##36639411##16##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>Brazil</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">25,750 real-time RT-PCR tests performed</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">March 10, 2020–March 20, 2022</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Pre-VOC</p></list-item><list-item><p>Gamma</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron</p></list-item></list>\n</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Reinfection rate</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Reinfection rate during the Omicron variant period<sup>17</sup>:<break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Before 0.8% vs. after 4.3%;</p><p><italic>p</italic> < 0.001</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item><list-item><p>281/281 reinfections were mild</p></list-item></list>\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Chemaitelly et al. (##REF##36179099##17##)<break/>Unvaccinated individuals<break/>Qatar</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Up to 3.3 million individuals</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">February 28, 2020– June 5, 2022<sup>18</sup></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Pre-Omicron (ancestral, Alpha, Beta, Delta)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron (BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, BA.5)</p></list-item></list>\n</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Protection</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Effectiveness of pre-Omicron primary infection<sup>19</sup><break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Against pre-Omicron reinfection: 85.5% (95% CI: 84.8–86.2%)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Effectiveness peaked at 90.5% (95% CI: 88.4–92.3%) in the 7th month after the primary infection, waning to ~70% by the 16th month</p></list-item><list-item><p>Against Omicron reinfection: 38.1% (95% CI: 36.3–39.8%), declining with time since primary infection</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Effectiveness of pre-Omicron primary infection<sup>20</sup><break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Against severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 due to Omicron reinfection:</p><p>88.6% (95% CI: 70.9–95.5)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Against severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 reinfection (irrespective of the variant of primary infection or reinfection):</p><p>97.3% (95% CI: 94.9–98.6)</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Bowe et al. (##REF##36357676##18##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>USA</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">~ 5.8 million individuals</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">March 1, 2020–June 25, 2022</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Pre-Delta</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron</p></list-item></list>\n</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Risk</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item></list>\n</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Risk of all-cause mortality (HR)<sup>21</sup><break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>2.17 (95% CI: 1.93–2.45)</p></list-item></list>Risk of hospitalization (HR)<break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>3.32 (95% CI: 3.13–3.51)</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Yang et al. (##REF##36581187##19##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>Malaysia</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">482 individuals</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">January 31, 2022–July 31, 2022<sup>22</sup></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Non-Omicron</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron</p></list-item></list>\n</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Risk</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Risk of reinfection in those with<break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Pre-Omicron natural infection<sup>23</sup>: aHR 0.41 (95% CI: 0.27–0.62)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item></list>\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" colspan=\"7\" rowspan=\"1\">Meta-analyses</td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Stein et al. (##REF##36930674##20##)<break/>Global<break/>systematic review and meta-analysis of 65 studies from 19 countries</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Various</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Up to September 31, 2022</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">\n<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Ancestral</p></list-item><list-item><p>Mixed Alpha (B.1.1.7)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Beta (B.1.351)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta (B.1.617.2)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron BA.1 variants</p></list-item></list>\n</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Protection</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Pooled estimate of protection from past infection (with various variants) against reinfection with<break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Ancestral:</p><p>84.9 (95% UI 72.8–91.8)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Alpha: 90.0% (95% UI 54.8–98.4)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Beta: 85.7% (95% UI 83.4–87.7)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta: 82.0 (95% UI 63.5–91.9)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron BA.1: 45.3% (95% UI 17.3–76.1)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Pooled estimate of protection against severe disease caused by<break/><list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p>Ancestral: 78.1% (95% UI 34.4–96.5)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Alpha: 79.6% (95% UI 43.3–95.3)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Beta: 88% (95% UI 50.7–97.1)<sup>24</sup></p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta: 97.2% (95% UI 85.2–99.6)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron BA.1: 81.9% (95% UI 73.8–88.0)</p></list-item></list></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap>"],"string":"[\n \"<table-wrap position=\\\"float\\\" id=\\\"tab1\\\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Selection of peer-reviewed publications assessing reinfection or risk of severe COVID-19 after natural infection (ordered by study end date, earliest to most recent).</p></caption><table frame=\\\"hsides\\\" rules=\\\"groups\\\"><thead><tr><th rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\"/><th align=\\\"center\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" colspan=\\\"3\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\">Study</th><th align=\\\"center\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" colspan=\\\"3\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\">Outcome measures of protection or risk</th></tr><tr><th rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\"/><th align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Total size (enrolled; before exclusions)</th><th align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Time period</th><th align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Reported lineage</th><th align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Reported outcome measure (protection, risk, reinfection rate)</th><th align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Repeat infection outcome (selected comparisons, terminology as reported)</th><th align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Severe COVID-19 outcome (selected comparisons, terminology as reported)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" colspan=\\\"7\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\">Primary publications</td></tr><tr><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Hansen et al. (##REF##33743221##7##)<break/>Non-vaccinated individuals<break/>Denmark</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">~ 4 million individuals</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">February 26, 2020–December 31, 2020</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>None</p></list-item></list>\\n</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Protection</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Protection against repeat infection in those<sup>1</sup><break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>< 65 years:</p><p>80.5% (95% CI: 75.4–84.5)</p></list-item><list-item><p>≥ 65 years:</p><p>47.1% (96% CI 24.7–62.8)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item></list>\\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Abu-Raddad et al. (##REF##33937733##8##)<break/>Non-vaccinated individuals<sup>2</sup><break/>Qatar</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">192,984 individuals</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">April 16, 2020–December 31, 2020</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>None</p></list-item></list>\\n</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Protection</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Efficacy of natural infection against reinfection<sup>3</sup><break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>95.2% (95% CI: 94.1–96.0)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item><list-item><p>Of 129 cases with good or some evidence of reinfection, one reinfection was severe, two were moderate, and none were critical or fatal</p></list-item></list>\\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Hall et al. (##REF##33844963##9##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>UK</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">30,625 individuals</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">June 18, 2020–January 11, 2021</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Not specified</p></list-item><list-item><p>B.1.1.7</p></list-item></list>\\n</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Risk</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Risk of reinfection causing<sup>4</sup><break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>COVID-19 symptoms:</p><p>aIRR 0.074 (95% CI: 0.06–0.10)</p></list-item><list-item><p>All events (COVID-19 symptoms, other symptoms, asymptomatic):</p><p>aIRR 0.159 (95% CI: 0.13–0.19)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item></list>\\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Lumley et al. (##REF##34216472##10##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>UK</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">13,109 individuals</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">March 27, 2020–February 28, 2021</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Non-S-gene target failure</p></list-item><list-item><p>B.1.1.7</p></list-item></list>\\n</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Risk</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Risk of PCR-positive result (symptomatic or asymptomatic) in<break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Unvaccinated seropositive<sup>5</sup>:</p><p>aIRR 0.02 (95% CI: 0.01–0.18)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item></list>\\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Abu-Raddad et al. (##REF##34914711##11##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>Qatar</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">193,233 individuals</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Before November 1, 2020–March 3, 2021</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>B.1.1.7</p></list-item><list-item><p>Variants of unknown status</p></list-item></list>\\n</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Protection</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Efficacy of natural infection against reinfection with<sup>6</sup><break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>B.1.1.7, prior PCR-confirmed infection:</p><p>97.5% (95% CI: 95.7–98.6)</p></list-item><list-item><p>B.1.1.7, prior antibody-positive result:</p><p>97.0% (95% CI: 92.5–98.7)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Unknown variant, prior PCR-confirmed infection: 92.2% (95% CI: 90.6–93.5)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Unknown variant, prior antibody-positive result: 94.2% (95% CI: 91.8–96.0)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item></list>\\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Chemaitelly, et al. (##REF##34910864##12##)<break/>Unvaccinated individualsQatar</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">380,914 individuals</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Before January 1, 2021–April 21, 2021<sup>7</sup></td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>B.1.351</p></list-item><list-item><p>B.1.1.7</p></list-item><list-item><p>Variants of unknown status</p></list-item></list>\\n</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Protection</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Efficacy of natural infection against reinfection with<sup>8</sup><break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>B.1.351:</p><p>92.3% (95% CI: 90.3–93.8)</p></list-item><list-item><p>B.1.1.7:</p><p>97.6% (95% CI: 95.7–98.7)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Variants of unknown status:</p><p>87.9% (95% CI: 84.7–90.5)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item></list>\\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Nordström et al. (##REF##35366962##13##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>Sweden</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">~3.5 million individuals (3 cohorts)</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">March 20, 2020–September 5, 2021</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Alpha B.1.1.7</p></list-item><list-item><p>Beta B.1.351</p></list-item><list-item><p>Gamma P.1</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta B.1.617.2</p></list-item></list>\\n</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Risk</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Risk of reinfection in those with<break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Natural immunity<sup>9</sup>:</p><p>aHR 0.05 (95% CI: 0.05–0.05)</p></list-item><list-item><p>One-dose hybrid immunity<sup>10</sup>:</p><p>aHR 0.42 (95% CI: 0.38–0.47)</p></list-item><list-item><p>One-dose hybrid immunity<sup>11</sup>:</p><p>aHR 0.55 (95% CI: 0.39–0.76)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Two-dose hybrid immunity, overall<sup>12</sup>:</p><p>aHR 0.34 (95% CI: 0.31–0.39)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Risk of hospitalization (HR)<break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Two-dose hybrid immunity<sup>13</sup>:</p><p>0.10 (95% CI: 0.04–0.22)</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Altarawneh et al. (##REF##35139269##14##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>Qatar</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">~2.3 million individuals</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">March 23, 2021–November 18, 2021</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Alpha</p></list-item><list-item><p>Beta</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron</p></list-item></list>\\n</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Protection</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Effectiveness of previous infection in preventing reinfection with<sup>14</sup><break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Alpha:</p><p>90.2% (95% CI: 60.2–97.6)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Beta:</p><p>85.7% (95% CI: 75.8–91.7)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta:</p><p>92.0% (95% CI: 87.9–94.7)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron:</p><p>56.0% (95% CI: 50.6–60.9)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Effectiveness of previous infection in preventing severe, critical, or fatal disease caused by<break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Alpha: 69.4% (95% CI: −143.6 to 96.2)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Beta: 88.0% (95% CI: 50.7–97.1)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta: 100% (95% CI: 43.3–100)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron: 87.8% (95% CI: 47.5–97.1)</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Pulliam et al. (##REF##35289632##15##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>South Africa</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">~2.9 million individuals</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">March 4, 2020–January 31, 2022</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Beta (B.1.351)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta (B.1.617.2)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron (B.1.1.529)<sup>15</sup></p></list-item></list>\\n</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Risk</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Risk of reinfection during<sup>16</sup><break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Wave 2 (Beta-driven) versus Wave 1: relative HR 0.71</p><p>(95% CI: 0.60–0.85)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Wave 3 (Delta-driven) versus Wave 1: relative HR 0.54</p><p>(95% CI: 0.45–0.64)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Wave 4 (Omicron-driven) versus Wave 1: relative 1.70</p><p>(95% CI: 1.44–2.04)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item></list>\\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Guedes et al. (##REF##36639411##16##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>Brazil</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">25,750 real-time RT-PCR tests performed</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">March 10, 2020–March 20, 2022</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Pre-VOC</p></list-item><list-item><p>Gamma</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron</p></list-item></list>\\n</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Reinfection rate</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Reinfection rate during the Omicron variant period<sup>17</sup>:<break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Before 0.8% vs. after 4.3%;</p><p><italic>p</italic> < 0.001</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item><list-item><p>281/281 reinfections were mild</p></list-item></list>\\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Chemaitelly et al. (##REF##36179099##17##)<break/>Unvaccinated individuals<break/>Qatar</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Up to 3.3 million individuals</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">February 28, 2020– June 5, 2022<sup>18</sup></td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Pre-Omicron (ancestral, Alpha, Beta, Delta)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron (BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, BA.5)</p></list-item></list>\\n</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Protection</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Effectiveness of pre-Omicron primary infection<sup>19</sup><break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Against pre-Omicron reinfection: 85.5% (95% CI: 84.8–86.2%)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Effectiveness peaked at 90.5% (95% CI: 88.4–92.3%) in the 7th month after the primary infection, waning to ~70% by the 16th month</p></list-item><list-item><p>Against Omicron reinfection: 38.1% (95% CI: 36.3–39.8%), declining with time since primary infection</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Effectiveness of pre-Omicron primary infection<sup>20</sup><break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Against severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 due to Omicron reinfection:</p><p>88.6% (95% CI: 70.9–95.5)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Against severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 reinfection (irrespective of the variant of primary infection or reinfection):</p><p>97.3% (95% CI: 94.9–98.6)</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Bowe et al. (##REF##36357676##18##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>USA</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">~ 5.8 million individuals</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">March 1, 2020–June 25, 2022</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Pre-Delta</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron</p></list-item></list>\\n</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Risk</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item></list>\\n</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Risk of all-cause mortality (HR)<sup>21</sup><break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>2.17 (95% CI: 1.93–2.45)</p></list-item></list>Risk of hospitalization (HR)<break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>3.32 (95% CI: 3.13–3.51)</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Yang et al. (##REF##36581187##19##)<break/>Non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals<break/>Malaysia</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">482 individuals</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">January 31, 2022–July 31, 2022<sup>22</sup></td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Non-Omicron</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron</p></list-item></list>\\n</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Risk</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Risk of reinfection in those with<break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Pre-Omicron natural infection<sup>23</sup>: aHR 0.41 (95% CI: 0.27–0.62)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Not assessed</p></list-item></list>\\n</td></tr><tr><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" colspan=\\\"7\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\">Meta-analyses</td></tr><tr><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Stein et al. (##REF##36930674##20##)<break/>Global<break/>systematic review and meta-analysis of 65 studies from 19 countries</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Various</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Up to September 31, 2022</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">\\n<list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Ancestral</p></list-item><list-item><p>Mixed Alpha (B.1.1.7)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Beta (B.1.351)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta (B.1.617.2)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron BA.1 variants</p></list-item></list>\\n</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Protection</td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Pooled estimate of protection from past infection (with various variants) against reinfection with<break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Ancestral:</p><p>84.9 (95% UI 72.8–91.8)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Alpha: 90.0% (95% UI 54.8–98.4)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Beta: 85.7% (95% UI 83.4–87.7)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta: 82.0 (95% UI 63.5–91.9)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron BA.1: 45.3% (95% UI 17.3–76.1)</p></list-item></list></td><td align=\\\"left\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" rowspan=\\\"1\\\" colspan=\\\"1\\\">Pooled estimate of protection against severe disease caused by<break/><list list-type=\\\"bullet\\\"><list-item><p>Ancestral: 78.1% (95% UI 34.4–96.5)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Alpha: 79.6% (95% UI 43.3–95.3)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Beta: 88% (95% UI 50.7–97.1)<sup>24</sup></p></list-item><list-item><p>Delta: 97.2% (95% UI 85.2–99.6)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Omicron BA.1: 81.9% (95% UI 73.8–88.0)</p></list-item></list></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"formula":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"box":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"code":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"quote":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"chemical":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"supplementary":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"footnote":{"kind":"list like","value":["<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>1</sup>Derived as 1− adjusted relative risk. The rates of infection during the second surge were compared across those with a positive or negative PCR test from the first surge. The rate of infection was calculated as the number of individuals with positive PCR tests during the second surge divided by the cumulative number of person-days at risk. <sup>2</sup>Qatar launched its vaccination campaign on December 21, 2020, around the time this study was concluded (December 31, 2020), so very few individuals had been vaccinated at time of this study. <sup>3</sup>Derived as 1− the ratio of the incidence rate of reinfection in the antibody-positive cohort to the incidence rate of infection in the antibody-negative cohort. <sup>4</sup>Derived as 1− adjusted incident rate ratio. <sup>5</sup>Compared incidence in each follow-up group to unvaccinated seronegative healthcare workers. <sup>6</sup>Derived as 1− the ratio of the incidence rate of reinfection in the PCR-confirmed (or antibody-positive) cohort to the incidence rate of infection in the antibody-negative cohort. <sup>7</sup>This timeframe coincided with the beginning of the decline of the B.1.1.7 wave and the rapid expansion of the B.1.351 wave that peaked early April 2021. <sup>8</sup>Derived as 1− the ratio of the incidence rate of reinfection in the cohort of individuals with a prior PCR-confirmed infection to the incidence rate of infection in the antibody-negative cohort. <sup>9</sup>Calculated vs. no immunity and after 3 months of follow-up. <sup>10</sup>Calculated vs. natural immunity and during the first 2 months of follow-up. <sup>11</sup>Calculated vs. natural immunity and after 2 months of follow-up. <sup>12</sup>Calculated vs. natural immunity. <sup>13</sup>Calculated vs. natural immunity. <sup>14</sup>Derived as 1− odds ratio of prior infection in cases (PCR-positive persons with variant infection) vs. controls (PCR-negative persons). <sup>15</sup>Period of Omicron emergence: November 1, 2021 to November 30, 2021. <sup>16</sup>Estimated relative hazard ratios for reinfection during specified wave versus primary infection during the first wave. <sup>17</sup>Calculated as number of reinfection cases before and after the Omicron variant considering the total accumulated number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in both periods. <sup>18</sup>Three individual studies (pre-Omicron reinfection, Omicron reinfection, COVID-19 severity reinfection) spanning different time periods. <sup>19</sup>Derived as 1– adjusted hazard ratio, where the hazard ratio compared incidence of infection in both cohorts. Incidence rate of infection in each cohort defined as the number of identified infections divided by the number of person-weeks contributed by all individuals in the cohort. <sup>20</sup>Cox regression analysis. Severity, criticality, and fatality defined as per WHO guidelines. <sup>21</sup>Calculated for reinfection vs. no reinfection. <sup>22</sup>The Omicron-dominant period in Malaysia was estimated to start from early February 2022. <sup>23</sup>Calculated vs. Omicron-dominant period. <sup>24</sup>Single study. aRR, adjusted risk ratio; aIRR, adjusted incidence risk ratio; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio; PE<sub>S</sub>, effectiveness of prior infection in preventing reinfection; real-time RT-PCR, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; UI, uncertainty interval.</p></table-wrap-foot>"],"string":"[\n \"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>1</sup>Derived as 1− adjusted relative risk. The rates of infection during the second surge were compared across those with a positive or negative PCR test from the first surge. The rate of infection was calculated as the number of individuals with positive PCR tests during the second surge divided by the cumulative number of person-days at risk. <sup>2</sup>Qatar launched its vaccination campaign on December 21, 2020, around the time this study was concluded (December 31, 2020), so very few individuals had been vaccinated at time of this study. <sup>3</sup>Derived as 1− the ratio of the incidence rate of reinfection in the antibody-positive cohort to the incidence rate of infection in the antibody-negative cohort. <sup>4</sup>Derived as 1− adjusted incident rate ratio. <sup>5</sup>Compared incidence in each follow-up group to unvaccinated seronegative healthcare workers. <sup>6</sup>Derived as 1− the ratio of the incidence rate of reinfection in the PCR-confirmed (or antibody-positive) cohort to the incidence rate of infection in the antibody-negative cohort. <sup>7</sup>This timeframe coincided with the beginning of the decline of the B.1.1.7 wave and the rapid expansion of the B.1.351 wave that peaked early April 2021. <sup>8</sup>Derived as 1− the ratio of the incidence rate of reinfection in the cohort of individuals with a prior PCR-confirmed infection to the incidence rate of infection in the antibody-negative cohort. <sup>9</sup>Calculated vs. no immunity and after 3 months of follow-up. <sup>10</sup>Calculated vs. natural immunity and during the first 2 months of follow-up. <sup>11</sup>Calculated vs. natural immunity and after 2 months of follow-up. <sup>12</sup>Calculated vs. natural immunity. <sup>13</sup>Calculated vs. natural immunity. <sup>14</sup>Derived as 1− odds ratio of prior infection in cases (PCR-positive persons with variant infection) vs. controls (PCR-negative persons). <sup>15</sup>Period of Omicron emergence: November 1, 2021 to November 30, 2021. <sup>16</sup>Estimated relative hazard ratios for reinfection during specified wave versus primary infection during the first wave. <sup>17</sup>Calculated as number of reinfection cases before and after the Omicron variant considering the total accumulated number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in both periods. <sup>18</sup>Three individual studies (pre-Omicron reinfection, Omicron reinfection, COVID-19 severity reinfection) spanning different time periods. <sup>19</sup>Derived as 1– adjusted hazard ratio, where the hazard ratio compared incidence of infection in both cohorts. Incidence rate of infection in each cohort defined as the number of identified infections divided by the number of person-weeks contributed by all individuals in the cohort. <sup>20</sup>Cox regression analysis. Severity, criticality, and fatality defined as per WHO guidelines. <sup>21</sup>Calculated for reinfection vs. no reinfection. <sup>22</sup>The Omicron-dominant period in Malaysia was estimated to start from early February 2022. <sup>23</sup>Calculated vs. Omicron-dominant period. <sup>24</sup>Single study. aRR, adjusted risk ratio; aIRR, adjusted incidence risk ratio; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio; PE<sub>S</sub>, effectiveness of prior infection in preventing reinfection; real-time RT-PCR, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; UI, uncertainty interval.</p></table-wrap-foot>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"graphic":{"kind":"list like","value":["<graphic xlink:href=\"fpubh-11-1290402-g001\" position=\"float\"/>"],"string":"[\n \"<graphic xlink:href=\\\"fpubh-11-1290402-g001\\\" position=\\\"float\\\"/>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"media":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"unknown_pub":{"kind":"string","value":"[{\"label\": [\"3.\"], \"surname\": [\"Hale\", \"Petherick\", \"Anania\", \"Andretti\", \"Angrist\", \"Barnes\"], \"given-names\": [\"T\", \"A\", \"J\", \"B\", \"Noam\", \"Roy\"], \"source\": [\"Variation in government responses to COVID-19\"], \"year\": [\"2022\"], \"ext-link\": [\"www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/covidtracker\"]}, {\"label\": [\"22.\"], \"collab\": [\"World Health Organization\"], \"source\": [\"Updated working definitions and primary actions for SARS-CoV-2 variants\"], \"year\": [\"2023\"], \"ext-link\": [\"https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/updated-working-definitions-and-primary-actions-for--sars-cov-2-variants\"]}, {\"label\": [\"24.\"], \"collab\": [\"World Health Organization\"], \"source\": [\"One year since the emergence of COVID-19 virus variant Omicron\"], \"year\": [\"2022\"], \"ext-link\": [\"https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/one-year-since-the-emergence-of-Omicron\"]}, {\"label\": [\"42.\"], \"surname\": [\"Khosroshahi\", \"Mardomi\"], \"given-names\": [\"HT\", \"A\"], \"article-title\": [\"The initial infectious dose of SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of the disease: possible impact on the incubation period\"], \"source\": [\"Future Virol\"], \"year\": [\"2021\"], \"volume\": [\"16\"], \"fpage\": [\"369\"], \"lpage\": [\"73\"], \"pub-id\": [\"10.2217/fvl-2020-0330\"]}, {\"label\": [\"93.\"], \"collab\": [\"U.S Food and Drug Administration\"], \"source\": [\"EUA for convalescent plasma\"], \"year\": [\"2021\"], \"ext-link\": [\"https://www.fda.gov/media/141477/download\"]}, {\"label\": [\"94.\"], \"collab\": [\"U.S Food and Drug Administration\"], \"source\": [\"EUA for casirivimab and imdevimab\"], \"year\": [\"2020\"], \"ext-link\": [\"https://www.fda.gov/media/143891/download\"]}, {\"label\": [\"140.\"], \"surname\": [\"Lu\", \"Wang\", \"Li\", \"Hu\", \"Lu\", \"Zeliang\"], \"given-names\": [\"Y\", \"J\", \"Q\", \"H\", \"J\", \"C\"], \"article-title\": [\"Advances in neutralization assays for SARS-CoV-2\"], \"source\": [\"Scand J Immunol\"], \"year\": [\"2021\"], \"volume\": [\"94\"], \"fpage\": [\"e13088\"], \"pub-id\": [\"10.1111/sji.13088\"]}, {\"label\": [\"143.\"], \"collab\": [\"World Health Organization\"], \"source\": [\"Establishment of the WHO International Standard And Reference Panel for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody\"], \"year\": [\"2020\"], \"ext-link\": [\"https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/WHO-BS-2020.2403\"]}, {\"label\": [\"145.\"], \"collab\": [\"National Institute for Biological Standards and Control\"], \"source\": [\"WHO International Standard: 1st International Standard for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (NIBSC code: 21/338, instructions for use, version 2.0)\"], \"year\": [\"2022\"], \"ext-link\": [\"https://www.nibsc.org/documents/ifu/21-338.pdf\"]}, {\"label\": [\"148.\"], \"surname\": [\"Castelletti\", \"Paunovic\", \"Rubio-Acero\", \"Beyerl\", \"Plank\", \"Reinkemeyer\"], \"given-names\": [\"N\", \"I\", \"R\", \"J\", \"M\", \"C\"], \"article-title\": [\"A dried blood spot protocol for high-throughput quantitative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RBD serology based on the Roche Elecsys system\"], \"source\": [\"Microbiol Spectr\"], \"year\": [\"2023\"]}]"},"glossary":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"acronym\": [],\n \"definition\": []\n}"},"n_references":{"kind":"number","value":161,"string":"161"},"license":{"kind":"string","value":"CC BY"},"retracted":{"kind":"string","value":"no"},"last_updated":{"kind":"string","value":"2024-01-15 23:43:49"},"citation":{"kind":"string","value":"Front Public Health. 2023 Dec 28; 11:1290402"},"package_file":{"kind":"string","value":"oa_package/fd/61/PMC10788057.tar.gz"}}},{"rowIdx":297,"cells":{"accession_id":{"kind":"string","value":"PMC10788079"},"pmid":{"kind":"string","value":"38222243"},"introduction":{"kind":"list like","value":["<title>Introduction</title>","<p>The incidence of syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the spirochete bacterium <italic>Treponema pallidum</italic>, continues to rise in the United States at an alarming rate. In the year 2000, the reported rate of infection was 11.2 per 100,000; in 2021, it was 53.2 per 100,000. [##UREF##0##1##, ##REF##32101666##2##]. Most of these cases are found in men who have sex with men (MSM), patients who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or patients who have other \"high-risk\" behaviors, such as intravenous drug use [##UREF##0##1##]. The classic lesion of primary syphilis is a solitary, painless genital ulcer or chancre. The presentation of secondary syphilis can be more variable with a fever, rash, and/or lymphadenopathy. A wide variety of less common disease manifestations are possible, earning syphilis the epithet of \"the great imitator\" [##REF##32101666##2##].</p>","<p>Despite a rise in the reported cases of syphilis, infections secondary to <italic>Neisseria gonorrhea</italic> and <italic>Chlamydia trachomatis</italic> remain the more common, and therefore the more commonly tested for, STIs [##REF##33492089##3##]. Additionally, traditional screening with nontreponemal serologic tests is known to give false negative results in the early stages of disease [##UREF##1##4##]. For these reasons, syphilis may go unrecognized by clinicians in non-classical settings.</p>","<p>In this report, we present a rare case of anal syphilis in a young woman who presented with perianal pain. A comprehensive literature search yielded no reported cases of anal syphilis in a woman in the United States.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>Introduction</title>\",\n \"<p>The incidence of syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the spirochete bacterium <italic>Treponema pallidum</italic>, continues to rise in the United States at an alarming rate. In the year 2000, the reported rate of infection was 11.2 per 100,000; in 2021, it was 53.2 per 100,000. [##UREF##0##1##, ##REF##32101666##2##]. Most of these cases are found in men who have sex with men (MSM), patients who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or patients who have other \\\"high-risk\\\" behaviors, such as intravenous drug use [##UREF##0##1##]. The classic lesion of primary syphilis is a solitary, painless genital ulcer or chancre. The presentation of secondary syphilis can be more variable with a fever, rash, and/or lymphadenopathy. A wide variety of less common disease manifestations are possible, earning syphilis the epithet of \\\"the great imitator\\\" [##REF##32101666##2##].</p>\",\n \"<p>Despite a rise in the reported cases of syphilis, infections secondary to <italic>Neisseria gonorrhea</italic> and <italic>Chlamydia trachomatis</italic> remain the more common, and therefore the more commonly tested for, STIs [##REF##33492089##3##]. Additionally, traditional screening with nontreponemal serologic tests is known to give false negative results in the early stages of disease [##UREF##1##4##]. For these reasons, syphilis may go unrecognized by clinicians in non-classical settings.</p>\",\n \"<p>In this report, we present a rare case of anal syphilis in a young woman who presented with perianal pain. A comprehensive literature search yielded no reported cases of anal syphilis in a woman in the United States.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"methods":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"results":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"discussion":{"kind":"list like","value":["<title>Discussion</title>","<p>The incidence of sexually transmitted infections in the United States has steadily increased over the past decade [##REF##33492089##3##]. Although primary and secondary (P&S) syphilitic infections reached an all-time reported low in the year 2000, by 2017, cases had increased by >400%, and this rising trend continued into the COVID-19 pandemic [##UREF##0##1##]. In general, men make up between 80-90% of newly reported P&S syphilis cases, and most of these patients identify as men who have sex with men (MSM) [##UREF##0##1##]. Still, the rate of P&S syphilis in women has also been increasing, and the concerning rise in incidence across multiple populations means that syphilis should remain on the differential diagnosis for all patients who present with uncharacteristic anal lesions [##UREF##0##1##, ##REF##32101666##2##].</p>","<p>The differential diagnosis for an anorectal lesion is broad. A painful perianal ulcer or fissure in a midline position is most often related to trauma/constipation [##REF##27926552##5##]. If there are multiple fissures, or if the fissures are in a lateral position, then inflammatory bowel disease, specifically Crohn's disease, should be considered [##REF##27926552##5##,##REF##31676047##6##]. If an ulcer or mass is present, then neoplasia may be favored, and a biopsy is required for appropriate diagnosis. Ceretti et al reported a patient who identified as an MSM and who presented with a 3 cm ulcerated right rectal mass that was palpable on digital rectal examination and highly concerning for malignancy. A tissue biopsy confirmed primary syphilis rather than carcinoma [##REF##26451271##7##]. Similar mass-like presentations causing clinical concern for neoplasia have been reported in other anatomic sites, including the stomach and oral cavity [##REF##16778406##8##, ####REF##35307358##9####35307358##9##]. Finally, patients who present with the classic painless genital chancre of primary syphilis may receive testing for STIs; however, up to one-third of perianal syphilitic lesions may be painful. The presence of pain is not known to correlate with co-infection with either HSV or HIV [##REF##26378262##10##].</p>","<p>Given this wide differential for perianal lesions and the variability in presentation for anal syphilis, additional testing is often necessary to reach a diagnosis of anal syphilis. If a tissue biopsy is taken, histologic clues to a diagnosis of syphilis include a plasma cell-rich inflammatory infiltrate, frequent lymphoid aggregates, and a relative lack of neutrophils and eosinophils [##REF##26486742##11##]. In our case, unusual histiocytes with abundant pale cytoplasm were also a distinct morphologic feature that raised suspicion for an infectious etiology.</p>","<p>For serologic diagnosis of syphilis, there are two primary testing algorithms. In the first traditional diagnostic pathway, nontreponemal tests, such as the venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) assay and RPR test, are performed as screening assays due to their high sensitivity (>85% in primary and secondary syphilis). This algorithm is limited by false negative results that occur early in Treponemal infection, which may have been the case with our patient. [##UREF##1##4##,##UREF##2##12##] The reverse screening algorithm begins with a treponemal-specific test, such as a <italic>T. pallidum</italic> particle agglutination test. Although the treponemal tests are more sensitive in early infection, they have occasional false positive results and remain positive indefinitely, negating any ability to monitor patient response to therapy or re-infection [##UREF##2##12##]. When an STI is suspected in the setting of an anogenital lesion, performing concurrent syphilis serologies and chlamydia/ gonorrhea nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is prudent given the high likelihood of STI co-infection [##REF##33492089##3##]. In the setting of a non-genital or perianal site of the lesion, biopsy can provide important information to rule out other etiologies and confirm the presence of spirochetes [##REF##26486742##11##].</p>","<p>Prompt diagnosis and treatment of syphilis prevents disease progression in the patient and reduces disease transmission within a population. Penicillin is a highly effective treatment for P&S syphilis; there are no documented cases of penicillin resistance in over 60 years of use for the treatment of <italic>Treponema pallidum</italic> [##REF##32101666##2##]. A single dose of 2.4 million units of benzathine penicillin G is the current treatment standard for early syphilis with a low treatment failure rate of 5% [##REF##32101666##2##]. For our patient, the delay in diagnosis of syphilis led to the unnecessary treatment of HSV with valacyclovir and prolonged disease symptoms. Once diagnosed, a single dose of Benzathine penicillin G was effective in resolving the patient’s symptoms and clearing the infection.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>Discussion</title>\",\n \"<p>The incidence of sexually transmitted infections in the United States has steadily increased over the past decade [##REF##33492089##3##]. Although primary and secondary (P&S) syphilitic infections reached an all-time reported low in the year 2000, by 2017, cases had increased by >400%, and this rising trend continued into the COVID-19 pandemic [##UREF##0##1##]. In general, men make up between 80-90% of newly reported P&S syphilis cases, and most of these patients identify as men who have sex with men (MSM) [##UREF##0##1##]. Still, the rate of P&S syphilis in women has also been increasing, and the concerning rise in incidence across multiple populations means that syphilis should remain on the differential diagnosis for all patients who present with uncharacteristic anal lesions [##UREF##0##1##, ##REF##32101666##2##].</p>\",\n \"<p>The differential diagnosis for an anorectal lesion is broad. A painful perianal ulcer or fissure in a midline position is most often related to trauma/constipation [##REF##27926552##5##]. If there are multiple fissures, or if the fissures are in a lateral position, then inflammatory bowel disease, specifically Crohn's disease, should be considered [##REF##27926552##5##,##REF##31676047##6##]. If an ulcer or mass is present, then neoplasia may be favored, and a biopsy is required for appropriate diagnosis. Ceretti et al reported a patient who identified as an MSM and who presented with a 3 cm ulcerated right rectal mass that was palpable on digital rectal examination and highly concerning for malignancy. A tissue biopsy confirmed primary syphilis rather than carcinoma [##REF##26451271##7##]. Similar mass-like presentations causing clinical concern for neoplasia have been reported in other anatomic sites, including the stomach and oral cavity [##REF##16778406##8##, ####REF##35307358##9####35307358##9##]. Finally, patients who present with the classic painless genital chancre of primary syphilis may receive testing for STIs; however, up to one-third of perianal syphilitic lesions may be painful. The presence of pain is not known to correlate with co-infection with either HSV or HIV [##REF##26378262##10##].</p>\",\n \"<p>Given this wide differential for perianal lesions and the variability in presentation for anal syphilis, additional testing is often necessary to reach a diagnosis of anal syphilis. If a tissue biopsy is taken, histologic clues to a diagnosis of syphilis include a plasma cell-rich inflammatory infiltrate, frequent lymphoid aggregates, and a relative lack of neutrophils and eosinophils [##REF##26486742##11##]. In our case, unusual histiocytes with abundant pale cytoplasm were also a distinct morphologic feature that raised suspicion for an infectious etiology.</p>\",\n \"<p>For serologic diagnosis of syphilis, there are two primary testing algorithms. In the first traditional diagnostic pathway, nontreponemal tests, such as the venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) assay and RPR test, are performed as screening assays due to their high sensitivity (>85% in primary and secondary syphilis). This algorithm is limited by false negative results that occur early in Treponemal infection, which may have been the case with our patient. [##UREF##1##4##,##UREF##2##12##] The reverse screening algorithm begins with a treponemal-specific test, such as a <italic>T. pallidum</italic> particle agglutination test. Although the treponemal tests are more sensitive in early infection, they have occasional false positive results and remain positive indefinitely, negating any ability to monitor patient response to therapy or re-infection [##UREF##2##12##]. When an STI is suspected in the setting of an anogenital lesion, performing concurrent syphilis serologies and chlamydia/ gonorrhea nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is prudent given the high likelihood of STI co-infection [##REF##33492089##3##]. In the setting of a non-genital or perianal site of the lesion, biopsy can provide important information to rule out other etiologies and confirm the presence of spirochetes [##REF##26486742##11##].</p>\",\n \"<p>Prompt diagnosis and treatment of syphilis prevents disease progression in the patient and reduces disease transmission within a population. Penicillin is a highly effective treatment for P&S syphilis; there are no documented cases of penicillin resistance in over 60 years of use for the treatment of <italic>Treponema pallidum</italic> [##REF##32101666##2##]. A single dose of 2.4 million units of benzathine penicillin G is the current treatment standard for early syphilis with a low treatment failure rate of 5% [##REF##32101666##2##]. For our patient, the delay in diagnosis of syphilis led to the unnecessary treatment of HSV with valacyclovir and prolonged disease symptoms. Once diagnosed, a single dose of Benzathine penicillin G was effective in resolving the patient’s symptoms and clearing the infection.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"conclusion":{"kind":"list like","value":["<title>Conclusions</title>","<p>This case documents an atypical, painful presentation of anal syphilis in a young HIV-negative woman whose only risk factor appears to have been multiple sexual partners. Ultimately, the detection and timely treatment of P&S syphilis relies on data from a comprehensive clinical history, appropriate laboratory testing, and occasional histopathologic review. With ever increasing rates of sexually transmitted infections, clinicians can expect to see more patients with routine and atypical presentations of these pathogens. Prompt penicillin G therapy is effective and can prevent patient morbidity and mortality from advanced syphilitic disease.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>Conclusions</title>\",\n \"<p>This case documents an atypical, painful presentation of anal syphilis in a young HIV-negative woman whose only risk factor appears to have been multiple sexual partners. Ultimately, the detection and timely treatment of P&S syphilis relies on data from a comprehensive clinical history, appropriate laboratory testing, and occasional histopathologic review. With ever increasing rates of sexually transmitted infections, clinicians can expect to see more patients with routine and atypical presentations of these pathogens. Prompt penicillin G therapy is effective and can prevent patient morbidity and mortality from advanced syphilitic disease.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"front":{"kind":"list like","value":["<p>Anorectal syphilis is relatively uncommon and diagnostically challenging given the wide differential diagnosis for anal lesions. Risk factors, such as men who have sex with men or HIV-positive status, are especially important to elicit from patients during the clinical history. In this report, we present a rare case of painful anal syphilis diagnosed in an HIV-negative woman by tissue biopsy<italic>. </italic></p>"],"string":"[\n \"<p>Anorectal syphilis is relatively uncommon and diagnostically challenging given the wide differential diagnosis for anal lesions. Risk factors, such as men who have sex with men or HIV-positive status, are especially important to elicit from patients during the clinical history. In this report, we present a rare case of painful anal syphilis diagnosed in an HIV-negative woman by tissue biopsy<italic>. </italic></p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"body":{"kind":"list like","value":["<title>Case presentation</title>","<p>A 23-year-old otherwise healthy woman was referred to the outpatient colorectal surgery clinic for evaluation of a painful perianal lesion that had been present for two months. The patient’s pain was localized to the anal verge and exacerbated during defecation. The patient described clear drainage coming from the lesion without associated dysuria, hematuria, rash, or ulcers in her oral cavity or genitalia. Her history was notable for sexual intercourse with multiple partners and inconsistent barrier protection. However, STI testing was unremarkable one year prior to presentation, including a treponemal antibody screening test. Repeat serologic studies were performed and were negative, as were nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) for<italic> Neisseria gonorrhea</italic> and <italic>Chlamydia trachomatis</italic>. She had recently completed a 3-day course of oral Bactrim antibiotics prescribed by her gynecologist but she had not experienced symptomatic improvement.</p>","<p>On physical exam, bilateral perianal ulcerations were identified. These were tender to palpation and weeping clear fluid. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) was presumed based on history and examination and the patient was treated with two courses of valacyclovir, again without improvement of her symptoms.</p>","<p>The patient returned to the clinic for a rectal exam under anesthesia and a biopsy of the perianal lesion. This examination showed a shallow ulcer at the anal verge with a sharp, raised border (Figure ##FIG##0##1A##).</p>","<p>The ulcer was tender but did not have purulent discharge. A biopsy from the ulcer edge was sent to pathology and showed ulcerated squamous mucosa with abundant plasma cell inflammation and atypical appearing histiocytes with cleared cytoplasm. (Figure ##FIG##0##1B##). A syphilitic ulcer was suspected due to the clinical history and histologic features, and a spirochete immunostain confirmed <italic>Treponemal pallidum</italic> infection (Figure ##FIG##0##1C##).</p>","<p>The patient was referred to an Infectious Disease specialist for further workup and management. A comprehensive serologic panel was sent and showed that the patient was <italic>Treponema</italic> antibody and <italic>Treponema pallidum</italic> particle agglutination assay (TPPA) positive, but rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and HIV negative. She was treated with one dose of intramuscular penicillin. Her perianal lesion and associated pain resolved entirely on examination (Figure ##FIG##0##1D##).</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>Case presentation</title>\",\n \"<p>A 23-year-old otherwise healthy woman was referred to the outpatient colorectal surgery clinic for evaluation of a painful perianal lesion that had been present for two months. The patient’s pain was localized to the anal verge and exacerbated during defecation. The patient described clear drainage coming from the lesion without associated dysuria, hematuria, rash, or ulcers in her oral cavity or genitalia. Her history was notable for sexual intercourse with multiple partners and inconsistent barrier protection. However, STI testing was unremarkable one year prior to presentation, including a treponemal antibody screening test. Repeat serologic studies were performed and were negative, as were nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) for<italic> Neisseria gonorrhea</italic> and <italic>Chlamydia trachomatis</italic>. She had recently completed a 3-day course of oral Bactrim antibiotics prescribed by her gynecologist but she had not experienced symptomatic improvement.</p>\",\n \"<p>On physical exam, bilateral perianal ulcerations were identified. These were tender to palpation and weeping clear fluid. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) was presumed based on history and examination and the patient was treated with two courses of valacyclovir, again without improvement of her symptoms.</p>\",\n \"<p>The patient returned to the clinic for a rectal exam under anesthesia and a biopsy of the perianal lesion. This examination showed a shallow ulcer at the anal verge with a sharp, raised border (Figure ##FIG##0##1A##).</p>\",\n \"<p>The ulcer was tender but did not have purulent discharge. A biopsy from the ulcer edge was sent to pathology and showed ulcerated squamous mucosa with abundant plasma cell inflammation and atypical appearing histiocytes with cleared cytoplasm. (Figure ##FIG##0##1B##). A syphilitic ulcer was suspected due to the clinical history and histologic features, and a spirochete immunostain confirmed <italic>Treponemal pallidum</italic> infection (Figure ##FIG##0##1C##).</p>\",\n \"<p>The patient was referred to an Infectious Disease specialist for further workup and management. A comprehensive serologic panel was sent and showed that the patient was <italic>Treponema</italic> antibody and <italic>Treponema pallidum</italic> particle agglutination assay (TPPA) positive, but rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and HIV negative. She was treated with one dose of intramuscular penicillin. Her perianal lesion and associated pain resolved entirely on examination (Figure ##FIG##0##1D##).</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"back":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"figure":{"kind":"list like","value":["<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Syphilitic perianal ulcers</title><p>A, Shallow perianal ulcers with sharp borders were identified. These lesions were painful to touch and weeping clear fluid. B, Histopathologic review of a tissue biopsy showed inflamed squamous mucosa (black star) with dense, plasma cell-rich inflammation (white star) and atypical histiocytes with clear cytoplasm (hematoxylin and eosin stain, 200x). C, The <italic>Treponemal</italic> organisms in the mucosa were highlighted by a spirochete stain (red chromagen, 400x). D, After treatment with Penicillin G, the patient experienced complete resolution of her symptoms and the anal lesion. </p></caption></fig>"],"string":"[\n \"<fig position=\\\"anchor\\\" fig-type=\\\"figure\\\" id=\\\"FIG1\\\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Syphilitic perianal ulcers</title><p>A, Shallow perianal ulcers with sharp borders were identified. These lesions were painful to touch and weeping clear fluid. B, Histopathologic review of a tissue biopsy showed inflamed squamous mucosa (black star) with dense, plasma cell-rich inflammation (white star) and atypical histiocytes with clear cytoplasm (hematoxylin and eosin stain, 200x). C, The <italic>Treponemal</italic> organisms in the mucosa were highlighted by a spirochete stain (red chromagen, 400x). D, After treatment with Penicillin G, the patient experienced complete resolution of her symptoms and the anal lesion. </p></caption></fig>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"table":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"formula":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"box":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"code":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"quote":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"chemical":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"supplementary":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"footnote":{"kind":"list like","value":["<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Author Contributions</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p><bold>Concept and design:</bold> Meredith Pittman, Yu Shia Lin</p><p><bold>Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data:</bold> Meredith Pittman, Jenna Kroeker, Jose Lopez, Diego Castellon, Yu Shia Lin, Rebecca Rhee</p><p><bold>Drafting of the manuscript:</bold> Meredith Pittman, Jenna Kroeker, Jose Lopez</p><p><bold>Critical review of the manuscript for important intellectual content:</bold> Meredith Pittman, Jenna Kroeker, Diego Castellon, Yu Shia Lin, Rebecca Rhee</p><p><bold>Supervision:</bold> Meredith Pittman, Rebecca Rhee</p></fn></fn-group>","<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Human Ethics</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p>Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study</p></fn></fn-group>","<fn-group content-type=\"competing-interests\"><fn fn-type=\"COI-statement\"><p>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn></fn-group>"],"string":"[\n \"<fn-group content-type=\\\"other\\\"><title>Author Contributions</title><fn fn-type=\\\"other\\\"><p><bold>Concept and design:</bold> Meredith Pittman, Yu Shia Lin</p><p><bold>Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data:</bold> Meredith Pittman, Jenna Kroeker, Jose Lopez, Diego Castellon, Yu Shia Lin, Rebecca Rhee</p><p><bold>Drafting of the manuscript:</bold> Meredith Pittman, Jenna Kroeker, Jose Lopez</p><p><bold>Critical review of the manuscript for important intellectual content:</bold> Meredith Pittman, Jenna Kroeker, Diego Castellon, Yu Shia Lin, Rebecca Rhee</p><p><bold>Supervision:</bold> Meredith Pittman, Rebecca Rhee</p></fn></fn-group>\",\n \"<fn-group content-type=\\\"other\\\"><title>Human Ethics</title><fn fn-type=\\\"other\\\"><p>Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study</p></fn></fn-group>\",\n \"<fn-group content-type=\\\"competing-interests\\\"><fn fn-type=\\\"COI-statement\\\"><p>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn></fn-group>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"graphic":{"kind":"list like","value":["<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050575-i01\" position=\"float\"/>"],"string":"[\n \"<graphic xlink:href=\\\"cureus-0015-00000050575-i01\\\" position=\\\"float\\\"/>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"media":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"unknown_pub":{"kind":"string","value":"[{\"label\": [\"1\"], \"article-title\": [\"Syphilis surveillance supplemental slides, 2016-2020\"], \"source\": [\"Services\"], \"date-in-citation\": [\"\\n\"], \"month\": [\"8\"], \"year\": [\"2023\", \"2022\"], \"uri\": [\"https://www.cdc.gov/std/statistics/syphilis-supplement/default.htm\"]}, {\"label\": [\"4\"], \"article-title\": [\"Syphilis laboratory guidelines: Performance characteristics of nontreponemal antibody tests\"], \"source\": [\"Clin Infect Dis\"], \"person-group\": [\"\\n\"], \"surname\": [\"Tuddenham\", \"Katz\", \"Ghanem\"], \"given-names\": [\"S\", \"SS\", \"KG\"], \"fpage\": [\"0\"], \"lpage\": [\"42\"], \"volume\": [\"71\"], \"year\": [\"2020\"]}, {\"label\": [\"12\"], \"article-title\": [\"The laboratory diagnosis of syphilis\"], \"source\": [\"J Clin Microbiol\"], \"person-group\": [\"\\n\"], \"surname\": [\"Satyaputra\", \"Hendry\", \"Braddick\", \"Sivabalan\", \"Norton\"], \"given-names\": [\"F\", \"S\", \"M\", \"P\", \"R\"], \"fpage\": [\"0\"], \"volume\": [\"59\"], \"year\": [\"2021\"]}]"},"glossary":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"acronym\": [],\n \"definition\": []\n}"},"n_references":{"kind":"number","value":12,"string":"12"},"license":{"kind":"string","value":"CC BY"},"retracted":{"kind":"string","value":"no"},"last_updated":{"kind":"string","value":"2024-01-15 23:43:49"},"citation":{"kind":"string","value":"Cureus.; 15(12):e50575"},"package_file":{"kind":"string","value":"oa_package/a7/af/PMC10788079.tar.gz"}}},{"rowIdx":298,"cells":{"accession_id":{"kind":"string","value":"PMC10788080"},"pmid":{"kind":"string","value":"38222231"},"introduction":{"kind":"list like","value":["<title>Introduction</title>","<p>Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is an uncommon mechanical complication of myocardial infarction that occurs between the third and fifth day of evolution and is usually complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) resulting in high in-hospital mortality [##REF##34016403##1##,##REF##37408602##2##]. The optimal timing of intervention remains controversial [##REF##34016403##1##], especially in patients with CS and multiorgan failure, where the early use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices such as peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) in the preoperative period and delayed surgical repair of VSR have been associated with lower mortality [##REF##30525871##3##,##REF##26773765##4##]. This improved outcome with delayed surgery may be related to better myocardial tissue stability allowing for more effective repair [##REF##26773765##4##].</p>","<p>We present the case of a 53-year-old man with CS stage D secondary to post-myocardial infarction VSR, in whom VA ECMO was used as a bridge to successful delayed surgical repair.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>Introduction</title>\",\n \"<p>Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is an uncommon mechanical complication of myocardial infarction that occurs between the third and fifth day of evolution and is usually complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) resulting in high in-hospital mortality [##REF##34016403##1##,##REF##37408602##2##]. The optimal timing of intervention remains controversial [##REF##34016403##1##], especially in patients with CS and multiorgan failure, where the early use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices such as peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) in the preoperative period and delayed surgical repair of VSR have been associated with lower mortality [##REF##30525871##3##,##REF##26773765##4##]. This improved outcome with delayed surgery may be related to better myocardial tissue stability allowing for more effective repair [##REF##26773765##4##].</p>\",\n \"<p>We present the case of a 53-year-old man with CS stage D secondary to post-myocardial infarction VSR, in whom VA ECMO was used as a bridge to successful delayed surgical repair.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"methods":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"results":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"discussion":{"kind":"list like","value":["<title>Discussion</title>","<p>The ideal timing of surgical intervention for post-myocardial infarction VSR complicated by CS remains controversial, as higher mortality has been reported when surgery is performed acutely compared to delayed intervention [##REF##34016403##1##]. It has been reported that surgery in the first 24 hours has the highest mortality (>60%), within the first seven days the mortality is 54.1%, compared to after seven days when the mortality decreases to 18.4% [##REF##24970335##5##,##REF##22626761##6##]. In our country, a mortality of 50% has been reported in patients with isolated VSR, and CS has been identified as one of the main complications (41.7%) in them [##REF##37408602##2##].</p>","<p>Patients with post-myocardial infarction VSR with CS and multiorgan failure usually present with a large VSR or an infarct with biventricular involvement [##REF##34016403##1##], requiring more efficient MCS, such as VA ECMO, to achieve hemodynamic stability, improve preoperative status, and allow delayed surgery [##REF##34016403##1##,##REF##26773765##4##].</p>","<p>The time elapsed between myocardial infarction and surgical repair of VSR has an impact on patient survival [##REF##28672423##7##]. Ariza et al. performed a retrospective study (from 2014 to 2017) among 28 patients with post-myocardial infarction VSR complicated by CS, and found that only the group of patients who underwent early MCS with VA ECMO as a bridge to delayed surgery (17.9%) survived to hospital discharge compared to those who underwent unsupported surgery, postoperative MCS, and conservative management, whose mortality was 27.3%, 50%, and 100%, respectively [##REF##30525871##3##]. Delayed surgery in patients using early VA ECMO had a mean of 5.2 days (range = 4-6 days) after admission [##REF##30525871##3##]. Arnaoutakis et al. reported that the longer the interval between myocardial infarction and surgical repair of VSR, the better the outcomes, especially when surgery was performed after seven days, highlighting that mortality after day 21 was reduced by up to 10% [##REF##22626761##6##,##REF##28672423##7##]. In our case, VA ECMO was used as a bridge to delayed surgery (12 days after infarction), which was successful after stabilizing and improving the patient’s hemodynamics and organ function.</p>","<p>The complete maturation of the VSR edges provides a more durable and resistant tissue for the placement of sutures to secure the patch [##REF##28672423##7##], which may explain the better results with delayed surgery. In addition, it is important to highlight the benefit of VA ECMO in reversing multiorgan failure. However, it is worth mentioning that the use of this type of MCS device is also associated with in-hospital complications such as bleeding and infection [##REF##30525871##3##], which is why it should be used for the minimum time necessary. The mean duration of early VA ECMO support in the group of patients who survived to hospital discharge was nine days (range = 4-12 days) [##REF##30525871##3##]. Our patient spent a total of 10 days on ECMO-VA, and in the immediate postoperative period, weaning was successful without complications.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>Discussion</title>\",\n \"<p>The ideal timing of surgical intervention for post-myocardial infarction VSR complicated by CS remains controversial, as higher mortality has been reported when surgery is performed acutely compared to delayed intervention [##REF##34016403##1##]. It has been reported that surgery in the first 24 hours has the highest mortality (>60%), within the first seven days the mortality is 54.1%, compared to after seven days when the mortality decreases to 18.4% [##REF##24970335##5##,##REF##22626761##6##]. In our country, a mortality of 50% has been reported in patients with isolated VSR, and CS has been identified as one of the main complications (41.7%) in them [##REF##37408602##2##].</p>\",\n \"<p>Patients with post-myocardial infarction VSR with CS and multiorgan failure usually present with a large VSR or an infarct with biventricular involvement [##REF##34016403##1##], requiring more efficient MCS, such as VA ECMO, to achieve hemodynamic stability, improve preoperative status, and allow delayed surgery [##REF##34016403##1##,##REF##26773765##4##].</p>\",\n \"<p>The time elapsed between myocardial infarction and surgical repair of VSR has an impact on patient survival [##REF##28672423##7##]. Ariza et al. performed a retrospective study (from 2014 to 2017) among 28 patients with post-myocardial infarction VSR complicated by CS, and found that only the group of patients who underwent early MCS with VA ECMO as a bridge to delayed surgery (17.9%) survived to hospital discharge compared to those who underwent unsupported surgery, postoperative MCS, and conservative management, whose mortality was 27.3%, 50%, and 100%, respectively [##REF##30525871##3##]. Delayed surgery in patients using early VA ECMO had a mean of 5.2 days (range = 4-6 days) after admission [##REF##30525871##3##]. Arnaoutakis et al. reported that the longer the interval between myocardial infarction and surgical repair of VSR, the better the outcomes, especially when surgery was performed after seven days, highlighting that mortality after day 21 was reduced by up to 10% [##REF##22626761##6##,##REF##28672423##7##]. In our case, VA ECMO was used as a bridge to delayed surgery (12 days after infarction), which was successful after stabilizing and improving the patient’s hemodynamics and organ function.</p>\",\n \"<p>The complete maturation of the VSR edges provides a more durable and resistant tissue for the placement of sutures to secure the patch [##REF##28672423##7##], which may explain the better results with delayed surgery. In addition, it is important to highlight the benefit of VA ECMO in reversing multiorgan failure. However, it is worth mentioning that the use of this type of MCS device is also associated with in-hospital complications such as bleeding and infection [##REF##30525871##3##], which is why it should be used for the minimum time necessary. The mean duration of early VA ECMO support in the group of patients who survived to hospital discharge was nine days (range = 4-12 days) [##REF##30525871##3##]. Our patient spent a total of 10 days on ECMO-VA, and in the immediate postoperative period, weaning was successful without complications.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"conclusion":{"kind":"list like","value":["<title>Conclusions</title>","<p>The reasonable use of VA ECMO as a bridge to delayed surgery for post-myocardial infarction VSR complicated by CS has shown benefits in survival and postoperative outcome; however, the optimal timing of surgery remains controversial, reflecting the complexity of these cases.</p>","<p>Our report highlights the usefulness of early support with VA ECMO to improve hemodynamic stability and organ function in the preoperative period and supports the trend of delayed surgery in this group of patients.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>Conclusions</title>\",\n \"<p>The reasonable use of VA ECMO as a bridge to delayed surgery for post-myocardial infarction VSR complicated by CS has shown benefits in survival and postoperative outcome; however, the optimal timing of surgery remains controversial, reflecting the complexity of these cases.</p>\",\n \"<p>Our report highlights the usefulness of early support with VA ECMO to improve hemodynamic stability and organ function in the preoperative period and supports the trend of delayed surgery in this group of patients.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"front":{"kind":"list like","value":["<p>Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) after myocardial infarction is often complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) with high in-hospital mortality rates. Early use of preoperative venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) and delayed surgical repair have demonstrated lower mortality rates; however, the optimal timing of surgical intervention remains controversial. We report the case of a 53-year-old man with CS stage D due to post-myocardial infarction VSR, who was successfully treated with VA ECMO as a bridge to delayed surgical repair. This case highlights the complexity of determining the optimal timing for surgical intervention in these patients and emphasizes the benefits of early use of VA ECMO for preoperative stabilization in patients with CS and multiorgan failure.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<p>Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) after myocardial infarction is often complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) with high in-hospital mortality rates. Early use of preoperative venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) and delayed surgical repair have demonstrated lower mortality rates; however, the optimal timing of surgical intervention remains controversial. We report the case of a 53-year-old man with CS stage D due to post-myocardial infarction VSR, who was successfully treated with VA ECMO as a bridge to delayed surgical repair. This case highlights the complexity of determining the optimal timing for surgical intervention in these patients and emphasizes the benefits of early use of VA ECMO for preoperative stabilization in patients with CS and multiorgan failure.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"body":{"kind":"list like","value":["<title>Case presentation</title>","<p>A 53-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with oppressive chest pain associated with dyspnea for three days. His medical history was significant for hypertension and heavy smoking. Physical examination revealed a left parasternal holosystolic murmur and crackles in the lower third of both lungs. Blood pressure was 102/75 mmHg, pulse was 130 beats/minute, respiratory rate was 26 breaths/minute, and oxygen saturation was 96% with an FiO<sub>2</sub> of 0.36. The electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm and ST-segment elevation in precordial leads. The troponin level was elevated (5.2 ng/mL; normal <0.1 ng/mL). The diagnosis of anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by VSR was raised.</p>","<p>Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) showed a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 47%, right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC) of 33%, and the presence of an apical VSR of 17 mm along with left-to-right shunting (Figure ##FIG##0##1##).</p>","<p>Coronary angiography revealed occlusion of the mid-left anterior descending (LAD) artery and severe stenosis of the mid-right coronary artery (Figure ##FIG##1##2##).</p>","<p>Right heart catheterization revealed a Qp/Qs ratio of 2.68, cardiac index of 1.25 L/minute/m<sup>2</sup>, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 39 mmHg, and right atrial pressure of 21 mmHg. His clinical condition deteriorated and was complicated by CS stage C, for which he was intubated and connected to mechanical ventilation, started on norepinephrine 0.5 µg/kg/minute, dobutamine 7.5 µg/kg/minute, and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) was implanted. On day two of hospitalization, renal and hepatic deterioration and lactate elevation (4.2 mmol/L) were added, progressing to CS stage D, for which it was decided to implant emergency peripheral VA ECMO guided by TEE.</p>","<p>Clinical evolution after placement of VA ECMO was favorable, and 12 days after myocardial infarction, surgical repair with bovine pericardial patch of the VSR was performed, as well as placement of three coronary artery bypass grafts (left internal mammary artery to LAD, saphenous vein to diagonal, and saphenous vein to posterior descending). In the immediate postoperative period, we continued to wean VA ECMO and IABP with LVEF of 40% and RVFAC of 35% and maintained dobutamine support at 5 µg/kg/minute, which was gradually tapered.</p>","<p>The pre-discharge transthoracic echocardiogram showed an LVEF of 40% and a residual interventricular defect of 3 mm adjacent to the pericardial patch, which did not cause significant hemodynamic compromise (Figure ##FIG##2##3##).</p>","<p>The evolution was favorable, and he was discharged one month after hospitalization on aspirin 100 mg od, clopidogrel 75 mg od, atorvastatin 40 mg od, valsartan 80 mg bid, bisoprolol 5 mg od, dapagliflozin 10 mg od, spironolactone 50 mg od, and furosemide 40 mg od.</p>","<p>At six months of outpatient follow-up, the patient remains in functional class II, continues to receive optimal medical therapy, and has had no new ischemic episodes or rehospitalizations.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>Case presentation</title>\",\n \"<p>A 53-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with oppressive chest pain associated with dyspnea for three days. His medical history was significant for hypertension and heavy smoking. Physical examination revealed a left parasternal holosystolic murmur and crackles in the lower third of both lungs. Blood pressure was 102/75 mmHg, pulse was 130 beats/minute, respiratory rate was 26 breaths/minute, and oxygen saturation was 96% with an FiO<sub>2</sub> of 0.36. The electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm and ST-segment elevation in precordial leads. The troponin level was elevated (5.2 ng/mL; normal <0.1 ng/mL). The diagnosis of anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by VSR was raised.</p>\",\n \"<p>Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) showed a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 47%, right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC) of 33%, and the presence of an apical VSR of 17 mm along with left-to-right shunting (Figure ##FIG##0##1##).</p>\",\n \"<p>Coronary angiography revealed occlusion of the mid-left anterior descending (LAD) artery and severe stenosis of the mid-right coronary artery (Figure ##FIG##1##2##).</p>\",\n \"<p>Right heart catheterization revealed a Qp/Qs ratio of 2.68, cardiac index of 1.25 L/minute/m<sup>2</sup>, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 39 mmHg, and right atrial pressure of 21 mmHg. His clinical condition deteriorated and was complicated by CS stage C, for which he was intubated and connected to mechanical ventilation, started on norepinephrine 0.5 µg/kg/minute, dobutamine 7.5 µg/kg/minute, and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) was implanted. On day two of hospitalization, renal and hepatic deterioration and lactate elevation (4.2 mmol/L) were added, progressing to CS stage D, for which it was decided to implant emergency peripheral VA ECMO guided by TEE.</p>\",\n \"<p>Clinical evolution after placement of VA ECMO was favorable, and 12 days after myocardial infarction, surgical repair with bovine pericardial patch of the VSR was performed, as well as placement of three coronary artery bypass grafts (left internal mammary artery to LAD, saphenous vein to diagonal, and saphenous vein to posterior descending). In the immediate postoperative period, we continued to wean VA ECMO and IABP with LVEF of 40% and RVFAC of 35% and maintained dobutamine support at 5 µg/kg/minute, which was gradually tapered.</p>\",\n \"<p>The pre-discharge transthoracic echocardiogram showed an LVEF of 40% and a residual interventricular defect of 3 mm adjacent to the pericardial patch, which did not cause significant hemodynamic compromise (Figure ##FIG##2##3##).</p>\",\n \"<p>The evolution was favorable, and he was discharged one month after hospitalization on aspirin 100 mg od, clopidogrel 75 mg od, atorvastatin 40 mg od, valsartan 80 mg bid, bisoprolol 5 mg od, dapagliflozin 10 mg od, spironolactone 50 mg od, and furosemide 40 mg od.</p>\",\n \"<p>At six months of outpatient follow-up, the patient remains in functional class II, continues to receive optimal medical therapy, and has had no new ischemic episodes or rehospitalizations.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"back":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"figure":{"kind":"list like","value":["<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Transesophageal echocardiography.</title><p>(A) Large and complex ventricular septal rupture (VSR) of 17 mm (yellow arrow). (B) Color Doppler in the area of the VSR with a left-to-right shunt (white arrow).</p></caption></fig>","<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><title>Coronary angiogram.</title><p>(A) The left anterior descending artery occluded in the middle third. (B) The right coronary artery with severe stenosis in the middle third.</p></caption></fig>","<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG3\"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><title>Pre-discharge transthoracic echocardiography.</title><p>(A) Parasternal short-axis view showing a residual ventricular septal rupture (VSR) of 3 mm (yellow arrow). (B) Color Doppler in the area of the residual VSR (white arrow).</p></caption></fig>"],"string":"[\n \"<fig position=\\\"anchor\\\" fig-type=\\\"figure\\\" id=\\\"FIG1\\\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Transesophageal echocardiography.</title><p>(A) Large and complex ventricular septal rupture (VSR) of 17 mm (yellow arrow). (B) Color Doppler in the area of the VSR with a left-to-right shunt (white arrow).</p></caption></fig>\",\n \"<fig position=\\\"anchor\\\" fig-type=\\\"figure\\\" id=\\\"FIG2\\\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><title>Coronary angiogram.</title><p>(A) The left anterior descending artery occluded in the middle third. (B) The right coronary artery with severe stenosis in the middle third.</p></caption></fig>\",\n \"<fig position=\\\"anchor\\\" fig-type=\\\"figure\\\" id=\\\"FIG3\\\"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><title>Pre-discharge transthoracic echocardiography.</title><p>(A) Parasternal short-axis view showing a residual ventricular septal rupture (VSR) of 3 mm (yellow arrow). (B) Color Doppler in the area of the residual VSR (white arrow).</p></caption></fig>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"table":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"formula":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"box":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"code":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"quote":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"chemical":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"supplementary":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"footnote":{"kind":"list like","value":["<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Author Contributions</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p><bold>Concept and design:</bold> Juan Manuel Muñoz-Moreno, Maria Rojas-Espinoza, Celia Aguilar-Mejía</p><p><bold>Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data:</bold> Juan Manuel Muñoz-Moreno, Maria Rojas-Espinoza, Celia Aguilar-Mejía</p><p><bold>Drafting of the manuscript:</bold> Juan Manuel Muñoz-Moreno, Maria Rojas-Espinoza, Celia Aguilar-Mejía</p><p><bold>Critical review of the manuscript for important intellectual content:</bold> Juan Manuel Muñoz-Moreno, Maria Rojas-Espinoza, Celia Aguilar-Mejía</p><p><bold>Supervision:</bold> Juan Manuel Muñoz-Moreno</p></fn></fn-group>","<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Human Ethics</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p>Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study</p></fn></fn-group>","<fn-group content-type=\"competing-interests\"><fn fn-type=\"COI-statement\"><p>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn></fn-group>"],"string":"[\n \"<fn-group content-type=\\\"other\\\"><title>Author Contributions</title><fn fn-type=\\\"other\\\"><p><bold>Concept and design:</bold> Juan Manuel Muñoz-Moreno, Maria Rojas-Espinoza, Celia Aguilar-Mejía</p><p><bold>Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data:</bold> Juan Manuel Muñoz-Moreno, Maria Rojas-Espinoza, Celia Aguilar-Mejía</p><p><bold>Drafting of the manuscript:</bold> Juan Manuel Muñoz-Moreno, Maria Rojas-Espinoza, Celia Aguilar-Mejía</p><p><bold>Critical review of the manuscript for important intellectual content:</bold> Juan Manuel Muñoz-Moreno, Maria Rojas-Espinoza, Celia Aguilar-Mejía</p><p><bold>Supervision:</bold> Juan Manuel Muñoz-Moreno</p></fn></fn-group>\",\n \"<fn-group content-type=\\\"other\\\"><title>Human Ethics</title><fn fn-type=\\\"other\\\"><p>Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study</p></fn></fn-group>\",\n \"<fn-group content-type=\\\"competing-interests\\\"><fn fn-type=\\\"COI-statement\\\"><p>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn></fn-group>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"graphic":{"kind":"list like","value":["<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050574-i01\" position=\"float\"/>","<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050574-i02\" position=\"float\"/>","<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050574-i03\" position=\"float\"/>"],"string":"[\n \"<graphic xlink:href=\\\"cureus-0015-00000050574-i01\\\" position=\\\"float\\\"/>\",\n \"<graphic xlink:href=\\\"cureus-0015-00000050574-i02\\\" position=\\\"float\\\"/>\",\n \"<graphic xlink:href=\\\"cureus-0015-00000050574-i03\\\" position=\\\"float\\\"/>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"media":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"unknown_pub":{"kind":"string","value":"[]"},"glossary":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"acronym\": [],\n \"definition\": []\n}"},"n_references":{"kind":"number","value":7,"string":"7"},"license":{"kind":"string","value":"CC BY"},"retracted":{"kind":"string","value":"no"},"last_updated":{"kind":"string","value":"2024-01-15 23:43:49"},"citation":{"kind":"string","value":"Cureus.; 15(12):e50574"},"package_file":{"kind":"string","value":"oa_package/6b/42/PMC10788080.tar.gz"}}},{"rowIdx":299,"cells":{"accession_id":{"kind":"string","value":"PMC10788081"},"pmid":{"kind":"string","value":"38222200"},"introduction":{"kind":"list like","value":["<title>Introduction</title>","<p>Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology showing bimodal age distribution; Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and adult form dermatomyositis. In the absence of cutaneous changes, the term polymyositis is used [##REF##5946688##1##]. Cutaneous manifestations are variable, including Heliotrope rash, Gottron’s papules/sign, nailfold capillary changes, facial malar eruption, mouth/skin ulcers, gingival telangiectasia, limb edema, xerosis, poikiloderma, calcinosis, and lipodystrophy. Non-specific constitutional symptoms such as fever, lethargy, and adenopathy can present in JDM cases. Dyspnea should raise the suspicion of interstitial lung disease, and rarely cardiac involvement. The diagnosis can be established through the score-based EULAR/ACR classification criteria. Criteria elements represent the aforementioned classical clinical features, in addition to the age of onset, elevated muscle-derived serum enzyme levels, muscle biopsy/MRI, and myositis-specific antibodies.1 JDM is treated with systemic steroids, methotrexate, and/or cyclosporin in mild to moderate disease. Intravenous immune globulin is used in refractory or recurrent disease [##REF##6383191##2##, ####REF##16492437##3##, ##REF##20595275##4####20595275##4##]. Several other immunomodulators including rituximab, anti-TNF agents, JAK-STAT inhibitors, and many other agents are under investigation and show promising results [##REF##27837048##5##, ####REF##32293539##6##, ##REF##32843325##7####32843325##7##]. JDM presenting with generalized scaly poikeloderma is an unfamiliar presentation. It is important to encourage clinicians to share their experience in JDM atypical presentations to reach the goal of easier and earlier detection of the disease.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>Introduction</title>\",\n \"<p>Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology showing bimodal age distribution; Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and adult form dermatomyositis. In the absence of cutaneous changes, the term polymyositis is used [##REF##5946688##1##]. Cutaneous manifestations are variable, including Heliotrope rash, Gottron’s papules/sign, nailfold capillary changes, facial malar eruption, mouth/skin ulcers, gingival telangiectasia, limb edema, xerosis, poikiloderma, calcinosis, and lipodystrophy. Non-specific constitutional symptoms such as fever, lethargy, and adenopathy can present in JDM cases. Dyspnea should raise the suspicion of interstitial lung disease, and rarely cardiac involvement. The diagnosis can be established through the score-based EULAR/ACR classification criteria. Criteria elements represent the aforementioned classical clinical features, in addition to the age of onset, elevated muscle-derived serum enzyme levels, muscle biopsy/MRI, and myositis-specific antibodies.1 JDM is treated with systemic steroids, methotrexate, and/or cyclosporin in mild to moderate disease. Intravenous immune globulin is used in refractory or recurrent disease [##REF##6383191##2##, ####REF##16492437##3##, ##REF##20595275##4####20595275##4##]. Several other immunomodulators including rituximab, anti-TNF agents, JAK-STAT inhibitors, and many other agents are under investigation and show promising results [##REF##27837048##5##, ####REF##32293539##6##, ##REF##32843325##7####32843325##7##]. JDM presenting with generalized scaly poikeloderma is an unfamiliar presentation. It is important to encourage clinicians to share their experience in JDM atypical presentations to reach the goal of easier and earlier detection of the disease.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"methods":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"results":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"discussion":{"kind":"list like","value":["<title>Discussion</title>","<p>Although both dermatomyositis and polymyositis are considered a spectrum of the same disease entity, the pathophysiology of tissue destruction was discovered recently to be different. Muscle fiber degeneration and necrosis are mediated by cytotoxic T-cells, whereas cutaneous changes are caused by humoral antibody- and complement-mediated capillary vasculopathy. The peak incidence is during school ages and girls are affected two- to fivefold greater rate than boys. However, our patient showed onset during the infantile period. The hallmark of JDM is symmetrical proximal extensor muscle weakness, usually with myalgia. Involvement of palatal and cricopharyngeal muscles is common, causing problems while swallowing. JDM can present with many distinct cutaneous features. Heliotrope sign and Gottron’s papules are classically considered pathognomic for the disease, however, both were absent in our patient. Poikiloderma can affect both photodistributed and photoprotected areas, the former is very characteristic for dermatomyositis. However, our patient showed generalized scaly poikiloderma, a feature that is rarely seen in DM. Such atypical presentations can delay the diagnosis and prevent patients from the benefit of early treatment of such debilitating diseases, especially in this age group.</p>","<p>Amyopathic JDM is very rare in the pediatric age group accounting for about 5% of JDM cases [##REF##5946688##1##]. In one series included 166 newly diagnosed children with JDM showed that skin rash is the presenting symptom in 65% of cases [##REF##6383191##2##]. Our case was initially diagnosed as amyopathic DM; however, six months later she developed clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of JDM. So, one should not hurry to label the case as amyopathic JDM until two years from the onset of the disease, where after that time a definitive diagnosis of amyopathic JDM can be made if the patient did not develop muscle weakness [##REF##16492437##3##].</p>","<p>Unlike adult DM, children do not have an increased risk of internal malignancy, so no workup of internal malignancy was ordered. To our knowledge, our case is the first case in the literature showing JDM with generalized poikiloderma.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>Discussion</title>\",\n \"<p>Although both dermatomyositis and polymyositis are considered a spectrum of the same disease entity, the pathophysiology of tissue destruction was discovered recently to be different. Muscle fiber degeneration and necrosis are mediated by cytotoxic T-cells, whereas cutaneous changes are caused by humoral antibody- and complement-mediated capillary vasculopathy. The peak incidence is during school ages and girls are affected two- to fivefold greater rate than boys. However, our patient showed onset during the infantile period. The hallmark of JDM is symmetrical proximal extensor muscle weakness, usually with myalgia. Involvement of palatal and cricopharyngeal muscles is common, causing problems while swallowing. JDM can present with many distinct cutaneous features. Heliotrope sign and Gottron’s papules are classically considered pathognomic for the disease, however, both were absent in our patient. Poikiloderma can affect both photodistributed and photoprotected areas, the former is very characteristic for dermatomyositis. However, our patient showed generalized scaly poikiloderma, a feature that is rarely seen in DM. Such atypical presentations can delay the diagnosis and prevent patients from the benefit of early treatment of such debilitating diseases, especially in this age group.</p>\",\n \"<p>Amyopathic JDM is very rare in the pediatric age group accounting for about 5% of JDM cases [##REF##5946688##1##]. In one series included 166 newly diagnosed children with JDM showed that skin rash is the presenting symptom in 65% of cases [##REF##6383191##2##]. Our case was initially diagnosed as amyopathic DM; however, six months later she developed clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of JDM. So, one should not hurry to label the case as amyopathic JDM until two years from the onset of the disease, where after that time a definitive diagnosis of amyopathic JDM can be made if the patient did not develop muscle weakness [##REF##16492437##3##].</p>\",\n \"<p>Unlike adult DM, children do not have an increased risk of internal malignancy, so no workup of internal malignancy was ordered. To our knowledge, our case is the first case in the literature showing JDM with generalized poikiloderma.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"conclusion":{"kind":"list like","value":["<title>Conclusions</title>","<p>JDM cutaneous features are variable but rarely present with generalized poikeloderma. It is important to encourage clinicians to share their experience in JDM atypical presentations to reach the goal of easier and earlier detection of the disease. A definitive diagnosis of amyopathic JDM is made if the patient does not develop muscle weakness for two years after the onset of the skin rash.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>Conclusions</title>\",\n \"<p>JDM cutaneous features are variable but rarely present with generalized poikeloderma. It is important to encourage clinicians to share their experience in JDM atypical presentations to reach the goal of easier and earlier detection of the disease. A definitive diagnosis of amyopathic JDM is made if the patient does not develop muscle weakness for two years after the onset of the skin rash.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"front":{"kind":"list like","value":["<p>Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder and is considered the most common form of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. JDM primarily affects the skin and the skeletal muscles. Characteristic signs and symptoms include Gottron papules, heliotrope rash, calcinosis cutis, and symmetrical proximal muscle weakness. However, JDM presenting with generalized scaly poikeloderma is an unfamiliar presentation. Herein we report a 14-month-old female toddler presented with generalized progressive asymptomatic scaly mottled violaceous patches (poikilodermatous) that started when she was seven months old. Her lab results were unremarkable. She was diagnosed with poikilodermatous skin rash with a differential diagnosis of Amyopathic dermatomyositis, poikilodermatous genodermatosis, and patch-stage mycosis fungoides. She was prescribed moisturizer creams only. A year later, during a follow-up, she presented with a full picture of JDM, with a history of scaly poikilodermatous skin patches that became more widespread, frequent choking during oral intake, and not being able to stand and sit unsupported. Laboratory workup was significant for low WBC and hemoglobin counts, along with elevated CPK, LDH, ferritin, CRP, and ESR levels. MRI revealed the right anterior thigh and vastus lateralis subcutaneous edema. Therefore, the child was diagnosed and treated as a case of JDM.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<p>Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder and is considered the most common form of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. JDM primarily affects the skin and the skeletal muscles. Characteristic signs and symptoms include Gottron papules, heliotrope rash, calcinosis cutis, and symmetrical proximal muscle weakness. However, JDM presenting with generalized scaly poikeloderma is an unfamiliar presentation. Herein we report a 14-month-old female toddler presented with generalized progressive asymptomatic scaly mottled violaceous patches (poikilodermatous) that started when she was seven months old. Her lab results were unremarkable. She was diagnosed with poikilodermatous skin rash with a differential diagnosis of Amyopathic dermatomyositis, poikilodermatous genodermatosis, and patch-stage mycosis fungoides. She was prescribed moisturizer creams only. A year later, during a follow-up, she presented with a full picture of JDM, with a history of scaly poikilodermatous skin patches that became more widespread, frequent choking during oral intake, and not being able to stand and sit unsupported. Laboratory workup was significant for low WBC and hemoglobin counts, along with elevated CPK, LDH, ferritin, CRP, and ESR levels. MRI revealed the right anterior thigh and vastus lateralis subcutaneous edema. Therefore, the child was diagnosed and treated as a case of JDM.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"body":{"kind":"list like","value":["<title>Case presentation</title>","<p>A 14-month-old female toddler, not known to have medical illnesses, presented to our clinic with generalized progressive asymptomatic skin lesions that started when she was seven months old. Her perinatal history was uneventful. Systemic review did not reveal a change in the child's activity. No history of (H/O) frequent choking during oral intake. No H/O irritability. No H/O fever. Family history was unremarkable and there was no similar case in the family. Developmental milestones were reached for her age. Skin examination revealed multiple scaly mottled violaceous patches on her upper and lower extremities (Figures ##FIG##0##1##, ##FIG##1##2##).</p>","<p>Lesional skin punch biopsy showed mild perivascular dermal lymphocytic infiltration with melanin inconvenience. Laboratory workup was insignificant for CBC, CPK, LDH, AST, ferritin, CRP, and ESR levels. ANA and dsDNA were negative. Based on the above clinicopathological findings, the baby was diagnosed with poikilodermatous skin rash with a differential diagnosis of amyopathic dermatomyositis, poikilodermatous genodermatosis, and patch-stage mycosis fungoides. She was prescribed moisturizer creams only. A year later, during follow-up, at the age of 26 months, the scaly poikilodermatous skin patches became more widespread. The mother stated that she is not happy with her child's activity. The baby has a history of frequent choking during oral intake. She is also not able to stand and prefers always to be carried up. Mother described her to be always unhappy and irritable. The baby still cannot sit unsupported, nor can she bear her weight while standing. Developmental milestones, other than gross motor delay, were reached for her age. Skin examination revealed generalized scaly poikilodermatous patches all over her body with mild involvement of the trunk and face (Figures ##FIG##2##3##, ##FIG##3##4##).</p>","<p>Laboratory workup was significant for low WBC and hemoglobin counts, along with elevated CPK, LDH, ferritin, CRP, and ESR levels. ANA and dsDNA were negative. MRI revealed the right anterior thigh and vastus lateralis subcutaneous edema. Pan CT scan did not show any hidden masses. Given the aforementioned information, the child was labeled as JDM. The child was admitted under rheumatology and received three doses of pulse methylprednisolone and IVIG 2 g/kg. The baby was put on prednisolone syp 1 mg/kg once daily and methotrexate SC injection 1 mg/kg once weekly as maintenance therapy with excellent responses.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<title>Case presentation</title>\",\n \"<p>A 14-month-old female toddler, not known to have medical illnesses, presented to our clinic with generalized progressive asymptomatic skin lesions that started when she was seven months old. Her perinatal history was uneventful. Systemic review did not reveal a change in the child's activity. No history of (H/O) frequent choking during oral intake. No H/O irritability. No H/O fever. Family history was unremarkable and there was no similar case in the family. Developmental milestones were reached for her age. Skin examination revealed multiple scaly mottled violaceous patches on her upper and lower extremities (Figures ##FIG##0##1##, ##FIG##1##2##).</p>\",\n \"<p>Lesional skin punch biopsy showed mild perivascular dermal lymphocytic infiltration with melanin inconvenience. Laboratory workup was insignificant for CBC, CPK, LDH, AST, ferritin, CRP, and ESR levels. ANA and dsDNA were negative. Based on the above clinicopathological findings, the baby was diagnosed with poikilodermatous skin rash with a differential diagnosis of amyopathic dermatomyositis, poikilodermatous genodermatosis, and patch-stage mycosis fungoides. She was prescribed moisturizer creams only. A year later, during follow-up, at the age of 26 months, the scaly poikilodermatous skin patches became more widespread. The mother stated that she is not happy with her child's activity. The baby has a history of frequent choking during oral intake. She is also not able to stand and prefers always to be carried up. Mother described her to be always unhappy and irritable. The baby still cannot sit unsupported, nor can she bear her weight while standing. Developmental milestones, other than gross motor delay, were reached for her age. Skin examination revealed generalized scaly poikilodermatous patches all over her body with mild involvement of the trunk and face (Figures ##FIG##2##3##, ##FIG##3##4##).</p>\",\n \"<p>Laboratory workup was significant for low WBC and hemoglobin counts, along with elevated CPK, LDH, ferritin, CRP, and ESR levels. ANA and dsDNA were negative. MRI revealed the right anterior thigh and vastus lateralis subcutaneous edema. Pan CT scan did not show any hidden masses. Given the aforementioned information, the child was labeled as JDM. The child was admitted under rheumatology and received three doses of pulse methylprednisolone and IVIG 2 g/kg. The baby was put on prednisolone syp 1 mg/kg once daily and methotrexate SC injection 1 mg/kg once weekly as maintenance therapy with excellent responses.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"back":{"kind":"list like","value":["<p>The authors provide special thanks to Rheumatology, Radiology and Pathology Departments at King Abdulaziz Hospital for their evident interest and help in making this case report happen.</p>"],"string":"[\n \"<p>The authors provide special thanks to Rheumatology, Radiology and Pathology Departments at King Abdulaziz Hospital for their evident interest and help in making this case report happen.</p>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"figure":{"kind":"list like","value":["<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Generalized poikiloderma affecting all extremities.</title></caption></fig>","<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><title>Closer view of poikiloderma. </title></caption></fig>","<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG3\"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><title>Poikiloderma with facial involvement. </title></caption></fig>","<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG4\"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><title>Trunk showing scaly erythema with subtle poikiloderma.</title></caption></fig>"],"string":"[\n \"<fig position=\\\"anchor\\\" fig-type=\\\"figure\\\" id=\\\"FIG1\\\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Generalized poikiloderma affecting all extremities.</title></caption></fig>\",\n \"<fig position=\\\"anchor\\\" fig-type=\\\"figure\\\" id=\\\"FIG2\\\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><title>Closer view of poikiloderma. </title></caption></fig>\",\n \"<fig position=\\\"anchor\\\" fig-type=\\\"figure\\\" id=\\\"FIG3\\\"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><title>Poikiloderma with facial involvement. </title></caption></fig>\",\n \"<fig position=\\\"anchor\\\" fig-type=\\\"figure\\\" id=\\\"FIG4\\\"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><title>Trunk showing scaly erythema with subtle poikiloderma.</title></caption></fig>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"table":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"formula":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"box":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"code":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"quote":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"chemical":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"supplementary":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"footnote":{"kind":"list like","value":["<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Author Contributions</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p><bold>Concept and design:</bold> Sarah Alaboud, Khalid Al Hawsawi, Nouf Alqahtani, Waseem K. Alhawsawi, Wafi Al Hawsawi, Mohammad Aldosari</p><p><bold>Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data:</bold> Sarah Alaboud, Khalid Al Hawsawi, Nouf Alqahtani, Waseem K. Alhawsawi, Wafi Al Hawsawi, Mohammad Aldosari</p><p><bold>Drafting of the manuscript:</bold> Sarah Alaboud, Khalid Al Hawsawi, Nouf Alqahtani, Waseem K. Alhawsawi, Wafi Al Hawsawi, Mohammad Aldosari</p><p><bold>Critical review of the manuscript for important intellectual content:</bold> Sarah Alaboud, Khalid Al Hawsawi, Nouf Alqahtani, Waseem K. Alhawsawi, Wafi Al Hawsawi, Mohammad Aldosari</p><p><bold>Supervision:</bold> Khalid Al Hawsawi</p></fn></fn-group>","<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Human Ethics</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p>Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study</p></fn></fn-group>","<fn-group content-type=\"competing-interests\"><fn fn-type=\"COI-statement\"><p>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn></fn-group>"],"string":"[\n \"<fn-group content-type=\\\"other\\\"><title>Author Contributions</title><fn fn-type=\\\"other\\\"><p><bold>Concept and design:</bold> Sarah Alaboud, Khalid Al Hawsawi, Nouf Alqahtani, Waseem K. Alhawsawi, Wafi Al Hawsawi, Mohammad Aldosari</p><p><bold>Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data:</bold> Sarah Alaboud, Khalid Al Hawsawi, Nouf Alqahtani, Waseem K. Alhawsawi, Wafi Al Hawsawi, Mohammad Aldosari</p><p><bold>Drafting of the manuscript:</bold> Sarah Alaboud, Khalid Al Hawsawi, Nouf Alqahtani, Waseem K. Alhawsawi, Wafi Al Hawsawi, Mohammad Aldosari</p><p><bold>Critical review of the manuscript for important intellectual content:</bold> Sarah Alaboud, Khalid Al Hawsawi, Nouf Alqahtani, Waseem K. Alhawsawi, Wafi Al Hawsawi, Mohammad Aldosari</p><p><bold>Supervision:</bold> Khalid Al Hawsawi</p></fn></fn-group>\",\n \"<fn-group content-type=\\\"other\\\"><title>Human Ethics</title><fn fn-type=\\\"other\\\"><p>Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study</p></fn></fn-group>\",\n \"<fn-group content-type=\\\"competing-interests\\\"><fn fn-type=\\\"COI-statement\\\"><p>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn></fn-group>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"graphic":{"kind":"list like","value":["<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050573-i01\" position=\"float\"/>","<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050573-i02\" position=\"float\"/>","<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050573-i03\" position=\"float\"/>","<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050573-i04\" position=\"float\"/>"],"string":"[\n \"<graphic xlink:href=\\\"cureus-0015-00000050573-i01\\\" position=\\\"float\\\"/>\",\n \"<graphic xlink:href=\\\"cureus-0015-00000050573-i02\\\" position=\\\"float\\\"/>\",\n \"<graphic xlink:href=\\\"cureus-0015-00000050573-i03\\\" position=\\\"float\\\"/>\",\n \"<graphic xlink:href=\\\"cureus-0015-00000050573-i04\\\" position=\\\"float\\\"/>\"\n]","isConversational":false},"media":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"unknown_pub":{"kind":"string","value":"[]"},"glossary":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"acronym\": [],\n \"definition\": []\n}"},"n_references":{"kind":"number","value":7,"string":"7"},"license":{"kind":"string","value":"CC BY"},"retracted":{"kind":"string","value":"no"},"last_updated":{"kind":"string","value":"2024-01-15 23:43:49"},"citation":{"kind":"string","value":"Cureus.; 15(12):e50573"},"package_file":{"kind":"string","value":"oa_package/7e/2c/PMC10788081.tar.gz"}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":true},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":2,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":120000,"offset":200,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSJ9.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTc3NjU0MTA2MSwic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL1RvbVRCVC9wbWNfb3Blbl9hY2Nlc3NfeG1sIiwiZXhwIjoxNzc2NTQ0NjYxLCJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2h1Z2dpbmdmYWNlLmNvIn0.vqxWJ-KNrtQIJ02UJXjjblVHSujpUoehbwk38lmdGDnzJDovW_DcsciVAZZLXk315fedhZ-vgvmSV_2bD2H1Aw","displayUrls":true,"splitSizeSummaries":[{"config":"commercial","split":"train","numRows":120000,"numBytesParquet":2058504704},{"config":"non_commercial","split":"train","numRows":167000,"numBytesParquet":2229724384},{"config":"other","split":"train","numRows":166000,"numBytesParquet":2181079699}]},"discussionsStats":{"closed":1,"open":1,"total":2},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false,"savedQueries":{"community":[],"user":[]}}">
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PMC10787944 | 38222183 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>The occurrence of instrument separation during endodontic therapy poses a challenging situation, with reported incidences ranging from 2% to 6% in investigated cases [##REF##11199757##1##]. The presence of a distinct instrument within the root canal obstructs access to the root ... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>A significant obstacle to root canal cleaning and shaping is the separation of instruments within the canal, which prevents access to the apex. As a result, there is a danger to the endodontic treatment outcome and a decreased likelihood of successful retreatment [##REF##8143573##... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p>Instrument separation during endodontic therapy poses a significant challenge, affecting the success of the treatment. The presented case report demonstrates the successful removal of a tightly wedged file in a mandibular first premolar using this technique. Despite its limitatio... | [
"<p>Instrument separation during endodontic therapy is a complication occurring in 2% to 6% of cases. Focusing on the Masserann technique, the study presents a success rate of 55% in retrieving separated instruments. The technique's effectiveness is demonstrated through a case involving retrieving an instrument fro... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A 50-year-old male patient visited the department with a complaint of pain in the lower right back region of his jaw that had been there for three days. The pain was localized, of moderate intensity, characterized as a dull ache, and continuous. It exacerbated while lying d... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Preoperative radiograph showing 13.6 mm fractured fragment.</title><p>(A) Temporary restoration seen with teeth 44 and 45, and fractured fragment seen with tooth 44.</p><p>(B) A 13.6 mm fractured fragment was seen with ... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Author Contributions</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p><bold>Concept and design:</bold> Paridhi Agrawal, Manoj Chandak, Jay Bhopatkar, Nikhil Mankar, Swayangprabha Sarangi</p><p><bold>Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data:</bold> Paridhi Agrawal, Manoj Chandak, Ja... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050559-i01\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050559-i02\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050559-i03\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050559-i04\" position=\"float\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["3"], "article-title": ["Retrieval of a separated file using masserann technique: a case report"], "source": ["Kathmandu Univ Med J"], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Pai", "Kamath", "Basnet"], "given-names": ["AR", "MP", "P"], "fpage": ["238"], "lpage": ["242"], "volume": ["4"], "year": ["2006"], "uri... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 14 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:45 | Cureus.; 15(12):e50559 | oa_package/68/da/PMC10787944.tar.gz |
PMC10787948 | 38222244 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Novel oncological therapies are a major area of new drug development and comprise a substantial portion of new drug approvals in the United States and Europe [##UREF##0##1##,##UREF##1##2##], driven by modern advances in targeted molecular therapies [##UREF##2##3##]. However, new... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<p>Single health technology assessments (HTA) of oncological therapies published by NICE from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022, were identified on the NICE website. All appraisals of single technologies for oncology indications published by SMC between January 1, 2017... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>Two hundred and six single HTAs were published by the SMC, and 253 were published by NICE between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022, for oncology therapies. Following exclusions, we included 148 HTAs for SMC and 161 HTAs for NICE, of which 111 technologies had HTA guidance publi... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>In this study, we assessed 161 single HTAs published by NICE and 148 by SMC for oncological therapies. A similar proportion of technologies were recommended for use by both agencies (SMC 90.5%, NICE 89.4%). The number of technologies that were recommended with restrictions on thei... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p>Recommendation rates are similar for single health technology assessments of oncological therapies for both NICE and SMC (89.4% and 90.5%), with only a minority of therapies (12.6%) having discordance in recommendation outcomes between the two organisations. NICE published guidan... | [
"<p>Background and aims</p>",
"<p>Pharmacoeconomic assessment of novel oncological therapies is an increasingly important factor in determining patient access to therapies. Organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in England and the Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) in ... | [] | [] | [
"<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Flow diagram of the selection process</title><p>Shows the flow diagram of the selection of published HTA guidance decisions with numbers and exclusions</p><p>NICE: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, SMC:... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"TAB1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Technologies assessed by either agency</title><p>Shows the overview of HTA guidance published by either agency during the study period</p><p>SMC: Scottish Medicines Consortium, NICE: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, ... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Author Contributions</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p><bold>Concept and design:</bold> Rory Taylor</p><p><bold>Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data:</bold> Rory Taylor</p><p><bold>Drafting of the manuscript:</bold> Rory Taylor</p><p><bold>Critical review of the... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050560-i01\" position=\"float\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["1"], "article-title": ["Novel Drug Approvals for 2022"], "source": ["FDA"], "date-in-citation": ["\n"], "month": ["12"], "year": ["2023", "2023"], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["U.S. Food & Drug"], "given-names": ["Administration"], "uri": ["https://www.fda.gov/drugs/new-drugs-fda-cders-new-molecular... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 30 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:45 | Cureus.; 15(12):e50560 | oa_package/85/53/PMC10787948.tar.gz |
PMC10787951 | 38222194 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among men and is the second-leading cause of cancer death in men [##UREF##0##1##]. In contrast to other cancers that commonly spread to brain, it is unusual for prostate carcinoma to metastasize to the central nervous system (CNS), m... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy among men, with a range of clinical presentations, often urinary symptoms or bone pain due to metastasis [##REF##31912902##2##]. Diagnostic confirmation involves prostate biopsy displaying adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma, a... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p>Ptosis itself is a rare presenting feature of prostate cancer. Other case reports describe ptosis as a presentation, but they do not describe the neuroendocrine histology. In addition, routine stroke protocol MRI and CTA missed the lesion, while gadolinium-enhanced targeted MRI r... | [
"<p>We report a case of a 72-year-old male who presented to the hospital with a chief complaint of diplopia in the setting of a recent onset of urinary incontinence and right-sided back pain. He was subsequently diagnosed with prostate cancer, notably metastasizing to the right sphenoid bone, causing impingement of... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A 72-year-old male with medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, prediabetes, Lyme disease, coronary artery disease, hepatitis C, 50-pack-year smoking history, and diverticulitis was admitted for four days of worsening diplopia and right-sided ptosis. His physical e... | [
"<p>Mahvish Renzu and Ishaan Jay Bhatt are the first co-authors and equally contributed to the work.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>CTA and MRI of head and neck.</title><p>(A) and (B): Computed tomography angiography (CTA) head and neck without any large vessel occlusion. (C) and (D): MRI brain with stroke protocol DWI and Flair without any evidence... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Author Contributions</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p><bold>Concept and design:</bold> Mahvish Renzu, Saad Ahmed, Akhil Jain, Ishaan J. Bhatt, Oleg M. Teytelboym, Gregory C. Stachelek, Rajesh Thirumaran</p><p><bold>Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data:</bold> Ma... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050566-i01\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050566-i02\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050566-i03\" position=\"float\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["1"], "article-title": ["Epidemiology of prostate cancer"], "source": ["Urology"], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Crawford"], "given-names": ["ED"], "fpage": ["3"], "lpage": ["12"], "volume": ["62"], "year": ["2003"], "uri": ["https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14706503/"]}, {"label": ["4"], "article-tit... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 17 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:45 | Cureus.; 15(12):e50566 | oa_package/e1/71/PMC10787951.tar.gz |
PMC10787954 | 38222088 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p><italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> complex (MTBC) causes tuberculosis. When a person coughs, sneezes, talks, or sings, droplet nuclei are produced, which spread from person to person through the air (##UREF##0##1##, ##REF##28074128##2##). Coughing for more than 2 weeks,... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Reporting</title>",
"<p>The results were reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) statement (##REF##19622511##11##). The article screening was based on the PRISMA 2009 statement, and the selection process has b... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Selection of studies</title>",
"<p>A search of the biomedical electronic databases yielded 352 published and unpublished studies. Although 244 duplicate articles were identified and removed, 108 were included in the screening. After 64 studies were removed based on title and ab... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>There is evidence that the number of people developing tuberculosis is increasing in many low-and middle-income countries, and between 2019 and 2021, the number of deaths from tuberculosis also increased (##UREF##0##1##). In prisons, infectious diseases such as tuberculosis may sp... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>The pooled prevalence of tuberculosis among prisoners in sub-Saharan Africa was prominently high based on this systematic review and meta-analysis. Therefore, to reach the end of the global TB epidemic, improvement in the prison setting is important. Screening on entry to the pris... | [
"<p>Edited by: Belaineh Girma Belaineh, International Training and Education Center for Health (I-TECH), United States</p>",
"<p>Reviewed by: Raymond Salanga Dankoli, World Health Organisation, Ukraine; Andargachew Kumsa Erena, Ministry of Health, Ethiopia</p>",
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Tuberculosis (... | [
"<title>Data availability statement</title>",
"<p>The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>The study was conceptualized and developed by YS and TM, who also conducted data analysis... | [
"<p>We would like to thank the primary study authors who contributed to this systematic review and meta-analysis.</p>",
"<title>Conflict of interest</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potentia... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>PRISMA flow diagram of articles screened and the selection process on tuberculosis among prisons in sub-Saharan, 2023.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"fig2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Forest plot showing pooled pr... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>The baseline characteristics of the included studies, 2023.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">Authors</th><th align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" row... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><title>Abbreviations</title><fn fn-type=\"abbr\"><p>CI, Confidence Interval; HIV/AIDS, Human immune Virus/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes; PTB, Pulmonary Tuberculosis; SSA, sub-Sahara Africa; WHO, World Health Organization.</... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"fpubh-11-1235180-g001\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"fpubh-11-1235180-g002\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"fpubh-11-1235180-g003\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"fpubh-11-1235180-g004\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"fpubh... | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "collab": ["WHO"], "source": ["Tuberculosis"], "publisher-loc": ["Geneva"], "publisher-name": ["WHO"], "year": ["2023"]}, {"label": ["3."], "surname": ["Harries", "Maher", "Graham", "Gilks", "Nunn"], "given-names": ["AD", "D", "S", "C", "P"], "source": ["TB/HIV: a clinical manual"], "publisher-loc": ... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 64 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:45 | Front Public Health. 2023 Dec 28; 11:1235180 | oa_package/12/39/PMC10787954.tar.gz |
PMC10787955 | 38218830 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par14\">Cervical cancer is the fourth most common female cancer globally after breast, colorectal, and lung cancers, and is the second most common female cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) after breast cancer [##REF##33538338##1##]. In 2020, it was estimated t... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Study design and setting</title>",
"<p id=\"Par20\">An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2019 to February 2020 at the outpatient clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), Muscat, Oman. ... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Sociodemographic characteristics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par30\">The mean age was 32.1 ± 7.6 years (range: 18–50 years), with a similar proportion of participants aged 18–30 years (<italic>n</italic> = 182; 48%) and 31–50 years (<italic>n</italic> = 198; 52%). More than half of the ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par35\">Although cervical cancer is the one of the most common cancers among Omani women, there is as yet no established cervical cancer screening program in the country [##UREF##4##12##–##UREF##6##15##]. Moreover, Pap smear testing is often only provided to married women and... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par41\">The burden imposed by cervical cancer on health systems remains considerable, especially in LMICs such as Oman which lack adequate HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening coverage. As such, public awareness of these issues is paramount to ensure early identific... | [
"<title>Objectives</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer and Pap smear screening among Omani women attending a tertiary clinic in Muscat, Oman, and to establish correlations with selected sociodemographic factors.</p>",
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p ... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors thank all of the women who participated in this study. They are also grateful to the staff at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at SQUH for their cooperation with the data collection procedures.</p>",
"<title>Authors’ contributions</title>",
"<p>T.M... | [] | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Selected sociodemographic characteristics of Omani women attending a tertiary clinic in Muscat, Oman (<italic>N</italic> = 380)</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th>Characteristic</th><th>n (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><italic>OMR</italic> Omani Riyals. <sup>a</sup>Equivalent to <$2598 USD</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>a</sup>Assessed using a validated, pre-tested, Arabic-language questionnaire [##REF##31935539##17##–##REF##35814043##20##]. Total scores of ≤15 and 16–30 were considere... | [] | [] | [{"label": ["3."], "mixed-citation": ["World Health Organization. Cervical cancer. From: "], "ext-link": ["https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer"]}, {"label": ["4."], "surname": ["Chelimo", "Wouldes", "Cameron", "Elwood"], "given-names": ["C", "TA", "LD", "JM"], "article-title": ["Risk factor... | {
"acronym": [
"HPV",
"LMICs",
"OMR",
"Pap",
"SQUH",
"SPSS",
"OR",
"CI",
"USA"
],
"definition": [
"Human Papillomavirus",
"Low- and Middle-Income Countries",
"Omani Riyals",
"Papanicolaou",
"Sultan Qaboos University Hospital",
"Statistical Package for th... | 28 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | BMC Womens Health. 2024 Jan 13; 24:40 | oa_package/c4/3a/PMC10787955.tar.gz |
PMC10787956 | 0 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Bruxism refers to the phenomenon of involuntary contraction of the masticatory muscles under non-physiological conditions, resulting in intermittent masticatory movements [##UREF##0##1##]. It is divided into awake bruxism and sleep bruxism. Awake bruxism occurs in a ... | [
"<title>Materials & methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">To accurately describe the classification process of bruxism, we designed a data processing flow as shown in Fig. ##FIG##0##1##. Data processing flow description:</p>",
"<title>Data processing and feature extraction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par10\">EEG Signa... | [
"<title>Result</title>",
"<p id=\"Par24\">The normality test in the data have exhibited mixed behavior and the samples are independent between the two groups. Therefore, Mann-Whitney Rank-Sum test is used to test the significant difference. The significance level is set at the alpha criterion α = 0.05. The relati... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par36\">The purpose of this study was to comprehensively investigate the utility of single EEG channel for classification of bruxism patients from healthy controls in REM sleep. Literature relies primarily on PSD changes in the EEG frequency bands, including delta, theta, alp... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par45\">While previous studies have put several schemes for bruxism recognition, the utilization of multi-channel data acquisition has rendered the detection system more complex and unsuitable for portable devices. Some studies still have insufficient feature extraction and l... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">In the classification of bruxism patients based on electroencephalogram (EEG), feature extraction is essential. The method of using multi-channel EEG fusing electrocardiogram (ECG) and Electromyography (EMG) signal features has been proved to have good performance in b... | [] | [
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>CW participated in data acquisition, post processing, algorithm development, data analysis, drafting, and writing of the manuscript. BG and CL made contributions in data analysis, feature extraction, and classification, while AKV and XX provided constructive suggestions ... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>The block diagram of this study</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>The relative spectral power distributed (mean ± SE) in four EEG frequency bands between two groups: healthy controls and bruxism patients with five EEG bipola... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>The participant’s demographic information with the period of rem sleep events obtained from hypnogram. (Note: brux stands for bruxism patients and n stands for normal controls. The number at the suffix corresponds to the participant in the Physionet dataset... | [
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"<table-wrap-foot><p>The ‘*’ and ‘**’ represent alpha levels: <italic>p</italic> = 0.05, and <italic>p</italic> = 0.001 correspond to significant differences, respectively</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>The ‘*’ and ‘**’ represent alpha levels: <italic>p</italic> = 0.05, and <italic>p</italic> = 0.00... | [
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] | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "mixed-citation": ["Saczuk K, Lapinska B, Wilmont P, Pawlak L, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Relationship between Sleep Bruxism, perceived stress, and coping strategies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Sep. 2019;16(17):3193. 10.3390/ijerph16173193."]}, {"label": ["2."], "mixed-citation": ["Gund MP, Wrbas KT... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 36 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | BMC Oral Health. 2024 Jan 14; 24:81 | oa_package/46/68/PMC10787956.tar.gz |
PMC10787957 | 38218962 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">For decades, insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) have played an important role in preventing malaria cases and deaths in malaria-endemic countries. Between 2000 and 2015, the malaria case incidence declined by 27% owing mostly to mass distribution campaigns of ITNs in mala... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>ITN samples</title>",
"<p id=\"Par11\">Existing data for nine WHOPES-recommended ITNs measured in 2013 by Wheldrake et al<italic>.</italic> [##REF##33468152##7##] was compared with primary data for twenty-four WHO-prequalified ITNs sampled in 2020. This included ITN products th... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par23\">To enable comparison between 2013 and 2020, the mean data for each physical property associated with the RD methodology is reported, together with the aggregated RD scores for all ITNs.</p>",
"<title>Bursting strength</title>",
"<p id=\"Par24\">Although bursting stre... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par31\">Over the last decade, field study evaluations of ITNs have repeatedly reported unsatisfactory performance in terms of physical integrity and survivorship, due to nets becoming too torn or damaged to provide long-term physical protection for at least three years. Whils... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par39\">The inherent resistance to damage (RD) of ITNs has not markedly improved in the seven-year period from 2013 to 2020, and the performance of some ITN products has declined. This is likely to be a contributory factor in the high rates of ITN attrition and poor survivors... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">For at least a decade, concerns have been raised about the physical durability of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and their ability to remain in good condition for at least three years. To discover if the resistance to damage (RD) of ITNs has improved or not, the RD sc... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We gratefully acknowledge the generous support of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in the development of this work. We also wish to thank Dr. Angus Spiers and Dr. Edward Thomsen of Innovation to Impact (i2i) for their helpful, insightful comments and suggestions, whic... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Tulle (<bold>A</bold>) and Traverse (<bold>B</bold>) knitting patterns</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Mean bursting strength values for ITNs in 2013 and 2020. Error bars correspond to standard deviation (n = 15)−−250 kPa ... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>ITN products sampled and tested in 2013 and 2020</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Net</th><th align=\"left\">Filament type</th><th align=\"left\">Knitting pattern</th><th align=\"left\">Year</th><th align=\... | [
"<disp-formula id=\"Equ1\"><label>1</label><alternatives><tex-math id=\"M1\">\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsmath}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{wasysym} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsfonts} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amssymb} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsbsy}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepack... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Nets highlighted in bold were compared in 2013 and 2020</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12936_2023_4832_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12936_2023_4832_Article_Equ1.gif\" position=\"anchor\"/>",
"<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"12936_2023_4832_Article_IEq1.gif\"/>",
"<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"12936_2023_4832_Article_IEq2.gif\"/>",
"<inline-graphic xlink... | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "collab": ["WHO"], "source": ["World Malaria Report 2019"], "year": ["2019"], "publisher-loc": ["Geneva"], "publisher-name": ["World Health Organization"]}, {"label": ["2."], "collab": ["WHO"], "source": ["World Malaria Report 2021"], "year": ["2021"], "publisher-loc": ["Geneva"], "publisher-name": [... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 11 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | Malar J. 2024 Jan 13; 23:19 | oa_package/bd/48/PMC10787957.tar.gz |
PMC10787958 | 38218911 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">The incidence of thyroid mass has rapidly increased in the past few decades [##UREF##0##1##, ##UREF##1##2##]. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most common type of thyroid malignancy, is prone to lymph node metastasis (LNM). As it is acknowledged that PTC has quit... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Patients</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">This institutional ethics committee-approved retrospective study was conducted by searching the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College databas... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Patient characteristics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par14\">A total of 499 patients were enrolled in this study. Among them, 396 (88.2%) were confirmed to have LLNM, and 103(22.9%) were absent from LLNM. A total of 163 patients (32.7%) undergone prophylactic lateral neck dissection of l... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par27\">Previous studies have reported many risk factors related to LLNM in PTC, including age, sex, tumor size, tumor location, extra-thyroidal invasion, multifocality, and CLNM [##UREF##16##18##, ##UREF##17##19##]. As for age, younger patients tend to be more likely to have... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par32\">This study indicated that the optimal age cut points to stratify the risk of LLNM were 30 and 45 years old. CLNM was a prominent risk factor for further LNM in all patients, and LND should be more actively performed when CLNM was confirmed. We also revealed other dist... | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Studies have revealed that age is associated with the risk of lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). This study aimed to identify the optimal cut point of age for a more precise prediction model of LLNM and to reveal differences in ri... | [] | [
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>H.Z. designed the study and wrote the manuscript. L.Z designed the study and analyzed the data. Z.H., S.W., and P.S. collected data. Y.D. prepared the manuscript. L.N. performed all ultrasound examinations. Z.L. designed the study and edited the manuscript. All authors r... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Associations of age with odds ratio for lateral lymph node metastasis. The fitting curve was determined by the locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS), and structural breakpoints were identified by the ‘changepoint’ package in R</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\"/><th align=\"left\"/><th align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\">LLNM</th><th align=\"left\"/></tr><tr><th align=\"left\">Characteristic</... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn><fn><p>Huizhu Cai and Lingdun Zhuge contributed equally.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12893_2024_2309_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e889\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "mixed-citation": ["Lin L, Li Z, Yan L, Liu Y, Yang H, Li H. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence and death for 29 cance r groups in 2019 and trends analysis of the global cancer burden, 1990\u20132019. J Hematol Oncol.14(1):197."]}, {"label": ["2."], "mixed-citation": ["Rahib L, Smith BD,... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 25 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | BMC Surg. 2024 Jan 13; 24:24 | oa_package/13/9e/PMC10787958.tar.gz |
PMC10787959 | 38218874 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is classified as a bicondylar diarthrosis. The joint is composed of the mandibular condyle and the glenoid fossa [##REF##31530110##1##–##REF##31709922##4##]. The TMJ is vital in guiding jaw movement and managing daily activities such... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Eligibility criteria</title>",
"<p id=\"Par12\">The following population (including animal species), Exposure, Comparator, and Outcomes (PECO) were used to determine the eligibility of all documents:<list list-type=\"bullet\"><list-item><p id=\"Par13\">P) Particip... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Study characteristics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par26\">At the end of the research, 1698 studies were identified. During the first screening phase, 190 articles were eliminated because they were not in English, precisely 130 from PubMed, 15 from Web of Science, and 45 from Lilacs. In ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par32\">In light of the results of the meta-analysis and literature review, this article aims to evaluate which pharmacological treatment is most effective for the treatment of TMD pain. Therefore, we evaluated the main drugs used and compared their change in pain at 6-week f... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par44\">The study includes different types of pharmacological treatment for TMD and therefore we cannot state that there is a first choice drug for the treatment of pain. We can state that NSAIDs are the most widely used drugs. However, we can conclude from the review and th... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are manifested by soreness in the jaw joint area and jaw muscles, clicks or creaks when opening or closing the mouth. All these symptoms can be disabling and occur during chewing and when the patient yawns or speaks. Several classes of... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable.</p>",
"<title>Authors’ contributions</title>",
"<p>Conceptualization, GM, RF, VR; methodology, GM, RF, and SC; software, GM, RF, and MDB; validation, GM, RF, and VR; formal analysis GM, RF, and GC; investigation, AB; data curation, GM, RF; writing—origina... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Prisma flowchart</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Risk of bias domains of the included studies</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig3\"><label>Fig. 3</label><caption><p>Forest plots of the analyzed studies showing correlat... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Search strategy</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\"><p><bold><italic>PubMed</italic></bold></p><p><italic>\"Temporomandibular disorders\" AND \"drugs\"</italic></p></td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\"><p><bold><it... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3524_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3524_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3524_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["9."], "surname": ["Quinzi", "Paskay", "Manenti", "Giancaspro", "Marzo", "Saccomanno"], "given-names": ["V", "LC", "RJ", "S", "G", "S"], "article-title": ["Telemedicine for a multidisciplinary assessment of orofacial pain in a patient affected by eagle\u2019s syndrome: a clinical case report"], "source": ["... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 57 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | BMC Oral Health. 2024 Jan 13; 24:78 | oa_package/3f/7b/PMC10787959.tar.gz |
PMC10787960 | 38218837 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Since laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) was first reported in 1993 [##REF##7915434##1##], LPD has been increasingly adopted worldwide for the treatment of benign and malignant tumors surrounding the duodenum, ampulla, lower common bile duct and head of the pancr... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Study population</title>",
"<p id=\"Par7\">We performed the modified Blumgart PJ technique using a homemade crochet needle for LPD in February 2019 at the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine.... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Demographic and clinicopathological features of patients</title>",
"<p id=\"Par20\">There were 96 patients who underwent LPD with the new technique, including 54 men and 42 women with a mean age of 63.38 ± 10.41 years (Table ##TAB##0##1##). The average BMI of the patients was 2... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par24\">In recent decades, LPD has been adopted in many medical centers for the radical treatment of both benign and malignant pancreatic and periampullary disease. To date, the mortality and morbidity of LPD have significantly declined, and the data show that patients who un... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par28\">We demonstrate the feasibility and safety of a modified Blumgart method using a homemade crochet needle to facilitate PJ in LPD. However, randomized controlled trials are needed to further verify the feasibility of the present PJ technique in LPD.</p>"
] | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Among the safest procedures for anastomosis in pancreaticoduodenectomy, Blumgart pancreaticojejunostomy is associated with low rates of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and postoperative complications. However, this technique is difficult to perform during lapar... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>BZ contributed to the conceptualization and design of the study and drafting of the manuscript. ZG and YT contributed to the collection and analysis of the data. SY helped supervise and interpret the data. ... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Placement of the trocars for LPD.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>The details of the homemade crochet needle. The components of the homemade crochet needle (<bold>A</bold> and <bold>B</bold>). A U-shaped suture was created... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Baseline characteristics and results of patients who underwent LPD</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\"/><th align=\"left\">LPD (n = 96)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">Age (years)</td><td align=... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>LPD, laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy; BMI, body mass index; POPF, postoperative pancreatic fistula</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>LPD, laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy; BMI, body mass index; POPF, postoperative pancreatic fistula. The bold values in the table denote P v... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12893_2023_2308_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e236\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12893_2023_2308_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e263\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12893_2023_2308_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e311\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12893_2023_2308_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"d32e340\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["6."], "surname": ["Mazzola", "Morini", "Crippa", "Maspero", "Zironda", "Giani"], "given-names": ["M", "L", "J", "M", "A", "A"], "source": ["Totally Laparosc Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Tech Notes Chirurgia (Bucur)"], "year": ["2020"], "volume": ["115"], "issue": ["3"], "fpage": ["385"], "lpage": ["93"]}] | {
"acronym": [
"LPD",
"POPF",
"PJ",
"BMI",
"CR-POPF",
"DTM",
"SD"
],
"definition": [
"Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy",
"Postoperative pancreatic fistula",
"Pancreaticojejunostomy",
"Body mass index",
"Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula",
... | 24 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | BMC Surg. 2024 Jan 13; 24:22 | oa_package/58/d0/PMC10787960.tar.gz |
PMC10787961 | 38218815 | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<p id=\"Par1\">\n<bold>BMC Urology (2023) 23:209</bold>\n</p>",
"<p id=\"Par2\">\n10.1186/s12894-023-01378-4\n</p>",
"<p id=\"Par3\">The author name “Yin Guonan” was incorrectly written as “Yin Gounan” and the same has been updated.</p>",
"<p id=\"Par4\">The original article has been corrected.</p>"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p>The online version of the original article can be found at 10.1186/s12894-023-01378-4.</p></fn><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 0 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | BMC Urol. 2024 Jan 13; 24:15 | oa_package/75/8a/PMC10787961.tar.gz |
PMC10787962 | 38218864 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par4\">Dirofilariasis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by nematodes of the genus <italic>Dirofilaria</italic>. There are over 20 dirofiliaris species, which mostly infect dogs, cats, and wild carnivores and are being transmitted by multiple mosquito species [##REF##25384527##... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par10\">Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis is a zoonosis caused by infection due to nematodes of the genus <italic>Dirofilaria</italic>, with the majority caused by <italic>D. repens</italic>. They are transmitted by mosquito vectors and Canidae are the main reservoir. Inciden... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par13\">Despite the characteristic imaging features of subcutaneous dirofilariasis on ultrasound, these lesions are usually removed surgically with significant delay and without preoperative ultrasonographic investigation, especially in nonendemic areas. Early and correct dia... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Subcutaneous dirofilariasis is a parasitic zoonosis commonly described in Canidae but rarely seen in humans. Most physicians are unfamiliar with this disease, especially in nonendemic areas, which can lead to medication error and diagnostic and treatment delay. To the ... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">A 25-year-old native male patient from Flanders (Belgium) with no relevant medical history presented to the general practitioner (GP) with an infrasternal, clinically palpable nodule in the epigastric region with localized irritation and itching. A cyst or benig... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We thank our patient for consenting for publication and providing detailed information regarding the case.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>CV performed the ultrasound investigation of the patient and SK collected the data and wrote the manuscript. CV sup... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p><bold>A</bold> Ultrasound shows a cystic structure with a diameter of circa 8 mm and an internal tubular serpiginous structure with parallel echogenic lines (arrow). During the investigation, there was active twirling movement of the serpentine structure. <bold>B</... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13256_2023_4242_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13256_2023_4242_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["5."], "surname": ["Mistry", "Hoejvig", "Helleberg", "Stensvold", "Jokelainen", "Noehr", "Bonde"], "given-names": ["MA", "J", "M", "CR", "P", "A", "C"], "article-title": ["Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis: the \u2018migrating\u2019 skin tumor"], "source": ["Case Rep Plast Surg Hand Surg"], "year": ["2021"]... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 8 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | J Med Case Rep. 2024 Jan 14; 18:16 | oa_package/af/7c/PMC10787962.tar.gz |
PMC10787963 | 38218862 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Acute appendicitis is a common abdominal emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. For over a century, open appendectomy was the only standard treatment for appendicitis. However, recent studies have challenged the necessity of surgery in uncomplicated ca... | [
"<title>Material and methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par8\">A systematic literature review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and as outlined in a predefined protocol (PROSPERO 2023: CRD42023413780) [##UREF##2##7##].</p>",
"<title>Lit... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par25\">Figure ##FIG##0##1## displays the PRISMA flowchart. Eight RCT fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis (publication dates 1995–2022). In total, 3213 patients were allocated to NOM (<italic>n</italic> = 1615) or OM (<italic>n</italic> = 1598... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par43\">This study, including 3213 patients and 8 RCTs [##UREF##0##2##, ##REF##7749676##4##, ##UREF##4##14##, ##REF##19358184##15##, ##REF##33534226##17##–##REF##25072441##24##], is, to our knowledge, the largest meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials conducted thus fa... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par60\">This meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis provide evidence that NOM with antibiotics is safe and, in the majority of cases, successful. NOM is equivalent to surgery in terms of complications and LOS while also incurring lower costs. While NOM's efficacy is low... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">The aim of this study is to provide a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing conservative and surgical treatment in a population of adults with uncomplicated acute appendicitis.</p>",
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par2\">A systematic lit... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors acknowledge support from the University of Milan through the APC initiative.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>FB, GB and JV wrote the main manuscript text and LC, FD, PF and CF prepared Figures 1, 2 and 3. PD and LA reviewed the manuscript. Al... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis flow diagram of included randomized control trials in the systematic review and meta-analysis</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Risk of bias graph of the inc... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Brief information of the included studies</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Study</th><th align=\"left\">Study design</th><th align=\"left\">Participants</th><th align=\"left\">Intervention</th><th align=\"l... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13017_2023_531_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13017_2023_531_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13017_2023_531_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13017_2023_531_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"MO8\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13017_2023_531_Fig5_HTML\... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"13017_2023_531_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1.</bold> Supplementary Figures 1–6.</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"label": ["2."], "mixed-citation": ["Sajjad MN, Naumeri F, Hina S. Non-operative treatment versus appendectomy for acute uncomplicated appendicitis: a randomized controlled trial. Pak J Med Sci. 2021. 10.12669/pjms.37.5.4016."]}, {"label": ["3."], "surname": ["Huston", "Kao", "Chang", "Sanders", "Buckman", "Adams", "... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 32 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | World J Emerg Surg. 2024 Jan 13; 19:2 | oa_package/69/a6/PMC10787963.tar.gz |
PMC10787964 | 38218797 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par4\">After a chest trauma, patients often have a wide range of chest injuries. Therefore, injuries of the myocardium and valvular apparatus, if not clinically manifested immediately, can remain unrecognized for a long period of time. Traumatic tricuspid regurgitation is usu... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion and conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par15\">Although chest injuries in a car accident are common, injuries of valvular structures are very rare (less than 1%) and usually present late [##REF##17116624##1##–##REF##28255632##3##]. The right ventricle is located just behind the sternum and therefor... | [
"<title>Discussion and conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par15\">Although chest injuries in a car accident are common, injuries of valvular structures are very rare (less than 1%) and usually present late [##REF##17116624##1##–##REF##28255632##3##]. The right ventricle is located just behind the sternum and therefor... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Although chest trauma happens very often, accompanying tricuspid valve injuries occur rarely and may be manifested by scarce symptoms and signs. Pericardial rupture with cardiac herniation is even a bigger rarity. Transthoracic echocardiography plays a key role in the ... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">A 58-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital due to chest pain, dyspnea and fatigue on physical exertion. The symptoms started two weeks before admission. His previous history was unremarkable, except for a car accident 10 years ago, with chest trauma and ... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>N.R. and M.P. participated in manuscript writing, literature search, data collection, critical revision. M.R.R. participated in data analysis, critical revision, literature search. I.B., O.P., N.L., E.K., A... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>ECG on admission showing right bundle branch block</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Transthoracic echocardiography showing flail anterior tricuspid leaflet (arrows): (<bold>a</bold>) parasternal short axis view and (<bold>b... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM3\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material ... | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2024_3716_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e276\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2024_3716_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e293\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2024_3716_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e303\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2024_3716_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"d32e313\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12872_2024_3716_MOESM1_ESM.mp4\"><caption><p><bold>Supplementary Material 1:</bold> Transthoracic echocardiography showing flail of the anterior leaflet of tricuspid valve (parasternal short axis view)</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12872_2024_3716_MOESM2_ESM.mp4\"><caption><p><... | [{"label": ["11."], "surname": ["Varahan", "Farah", "Caldeira", "Hoit", "Askari"], "given-names": ["SL", "GM", "CC", "BD", "AT"], "article-title": ["The double jeopardy of blunt chest trauma: a case report and review"], "source": ["Echocardiogr Mt Kisco N"], "year": ["2006"], "volume": ["23"], "fpage": ["235"], "lpage"... | {
"acronym": [
"CMR",
"CT",
"ECG",
"LV",
"PLAX view",
"RV",
"TEE",
"TV"
],
"definition": [
"Cardiac magnetic resonance",
"computed tomography",
"Electrocardiogram",
"left ventricle",
"parasternal long axis view",
"right ventricle",
"Transthoracic echocar... | 24 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2024 Jan 13; 24:44 | oa_package/76/0c/PMC10787964.tar.gz |
PMC10787965 | 38218849 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Migration is now a common reality for tens of millions of people around the world. Among people who have left their country of origin to settle in another country, some portion will engage in problematic drug use [##UREF##0##1##], whether initiating in their country of... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<p id=\"Par1\">Each year, thousands of migrants enter the EU. Data on drug use in migrant populations are scarce and inconclusive. However, several risk factors make them particularly vulnerable to engaging in problematic drug use. In this perspective, we summarize the limited information that is available on migr... | [
"<title>Limited access to services for migrants who use drugs</title>",
"<p id=\"Par7\">Providing adequate health and social services to migrants who use drugs (MWUD) is not only a matter of human dignity and sound public health, but also of their rights under European and international law [##UREF##9##14##]. How... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Authors acknowledge support to ISGlobal from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023” Programme (CEX2018-000806-S) and from the Government of Catalonia through the CERCA Programme.</p>",
"<title>... | [] | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Areas of recommendations by civil society and health experts working with migrants who use drugs in the European Union</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">1. Increasing data availability and quality, to inform... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [] | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "mixed-citation": ["Thanki D, Vicente J. PDU (Problem drug use) revision summary. 2013 [cited 2023 Jul 13]. "], "ext-link": ["https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/89950538.pdf"]}, {"label": ["2."], "mixed-citation": ["van Selm L, White TM, Doran J, Pujol C, Picchio CA, Lazarus JV. Report on SErvices for v... | {
"acronym": [
"EU",
"MWUD",
"SEMID-EU"
],
"definition": [
"European Union",
"Migrations who use drugs",
"Services for vulnerable migrants who use drugs in the EU"
]
} | 31 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | Harm Reduct J. 2024 Jan 13; 21:9 | oa_package/af/99/PMC10787965.tar.gz |
PMC10787966 | 38218809 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Since the advent of echocardiography, researchers have focused on cardiac masses. These masses can be divided into non-neoplastic masses (such as thrombi, vegetations, calcifications, or other rare conditions), pseudotumors (lesions not originating from a neoplastic ... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par8\">This prospective study was conducted in four tertiary hospitals in China including First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China and Xiangyang No. 1 People’... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Population characteristics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par18\">Between April 2018 and July 2022, a total of 49,354 TTEs were performed at six departments, of which 153 (0.31%) examinations were conducted on patients with suspected cardiac masses. Eight patients with allergic constitutio... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par30\">This study reports that the diagnostic performance of CE is notable in patients with suspected cardiac masses. CE exhibited high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing cardiac tumors from non-neoplastic cardiac masses. It outperformed conventional TTE and showe... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par42\">CE can be a promising tool in accurately differentiating cardiac masses by combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. However, additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings due to the limited sample size and the potential for... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Cardiac masses can encompass a variety of conditions, such as tumors, thrombi, vegetations, calcific lesions, and other rare diseases. Treatment and management of these types of cardiac masses differ considerably. Thus, accurately distinguishing among thrombi, benign t... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors wish to thank Manying Xie, radiologist, for the ultrasound image analysis, Sufen Zhou and Ling Gan for the excellent technical assistance, and Caihong Chang and Hongzhi Guo for their cooperation in organizing cardiac mass data.</p>",
"<title>Author contribution... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>(<bold>A</bold>) A slightly strong echogenic mass can be seen in the right atrium, and it almost fills the right atrium. The internal echo is uneven and appears to adhere to the anterior wall of the right atrium with a wide base, with little amplitude swing with th... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Characteristics of the population</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\"/><th align=\"left\">No cardiac mass (n = 2) and Pseudomass (n = 4)</th><th align=\"left\">Thrombus (n = 43)</th><th align=\"left\">Benign t... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>SD, standard deviation</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation. * variables entered into the multivariate regression included area, echogenicity, base, massperfusion, and enhancement A1/A2</p></tabl... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2024_3708_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e384\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2024_3708_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e404\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2024_3708_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e424\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2024_3708_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"d32e466\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872... | [] | [{"label": ["2."], "surname": ["Tasdemir", "Tuncay", "Karaman", "Canoz", "Asik", "Ozmen", "Elcik"], "given-names": ["A", "A", "H", "O", "R", "R", "D"], "article-title": ["Cardiac masses: Pathological and Surgical features - A Multicenter Study"], "source": ["Braz J Cardiov Surg"], "year": ["2021"], "volume": ["36"], "i... | {
"acronym": [
"AUC",
"CE",
"CMR",
"LVO",
"MCE",
"PPV",
"NPV",
"ROC",
"TEE",
"TTE"
],
"definition": [
"Area Under Curve",
"Contrast echocardiography",
"Cardiac magnetic resonance",
"Left ventricular opacification",
"myocardial contrast echocardiography",... | 39 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2024 Jan 13; 24:43 | oa_package/ab/a6/PMC10787966.tar.gz |
PMC10787967 | 38218800 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">Critical obstetric hemorrhage is a significant cause of maternal mortality, currently accounting for 27% of maternal deaths worldwide and is the leading cause of maternal mortality in Japan, accounting for 22% of maternal deaths [##UREF##0##1##, ##REF##35715763##2##]... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Cases and surgical procedures</title>",
"<p id=\"Par12\">A case series study of single, non-normal pregnancies pathologically confirmed as PAS in hysterectomized uteri between 2013 and 2022 at the University of Fukui. The primary endpoint was to assess intraoperat... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par72\">Twelve patients who were managed conservatively for obstetric crisis hemorrhage at the University of Fukui Hospital from 2013 to 2023, but who ultimately underwent PAS caesarean hysterectomy. Pathology included four cases of simple adherent placenta (FIGO Grade 1), seven... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par80\">Our “Holding-up uterus” method during PAS cesarean hysterectomy, even in critical situations with S.I. >1.5, facilitates ureteral emancipation, identification of the uterine artery, and facilitates the Pelosi method [##UREF##1##12##] in which the bladder is finally... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par91\">The primary surgical treatment for PAS is pregnancy-related hysterectomy, which is technically challenging due to the increased risk of adjacent organ injury. The “Holding-up uterus” technique during PAS cesarean hysterectomy facilitates ureteral emancipation, identi... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) cesarean hysterectomy is performed under conditions of shock and can result in serious complications. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the “Holding-up uterus” surgical technique with a shock index (S.I.) > 1.5.</p>",
"... | [
"<title>Electronic supplementary material</title>",
"<p>Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>Conceptualization, J.T. and Y.Y.; data acquisition, A.S. and J.T.; data analysis, interpretation, and statistical analysis, J.T., D.I. and Y.Y.; writing (original draft preparation), and review and editing, M.O., H.K., D.I., H.T., N.T., T.K. All authors have read and agr... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>(<bold>a</bold>) Shows the “Holding-up uterus” technique in the PAS cesarean hysterectomy. (<bold>b</bold>) is reproduced from Teiou sekkai no kyoukasyo by Yoshida et al. published in KANEHARA & Co., LTD, pp. 163, 2017</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Intraoperative and postoperative complications associated with hysterectomy</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\"/><th align=\"left\">Group 1<break/>S.I. > 1.5 (<italic>n</italic> = 6)</th><th align=\"left\" ... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM3\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>S.I.: Shock index * Data presented as Mean ± SD. **Data presented as n (%). Independent sample <italic>t</italic> test</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>* Data presented as n (%). Independent sample <italic>t</italic> test</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>ART: assiste... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12893_2024_2311_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e382\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12893_2024_2311_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Supplementary Material 1: Supplementary Table1.</bold> Case series</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12893_2024_2311_MOESM2_ESM.mp4\"><caption><p>\n<bold>Supplementary Material 2</bold>\n</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:hr... | [{"label": ["1."], "mixed-citation": ["World Health Organization. (2012) WHO Recommendations for the Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Haemorrhage. "], "ext-link": ["https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/75411/9789241548502_eng.pdf"]}, {"label": ["12."], "surname": ["Takeda", "Takeda", "Murayama"], "giv... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 25 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | BMC Surg. 2024 Jan 13; 24:23 | oa_package/42/ad/PMC10787967.tar.gz |
PMC10787968 | 38218901 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability in the United States, affecting more than 800,000 people per year [##UREF##0##1##]. Unilateral paralysis (hemiparesis) affects up to 80% of stroke survivors, leaving many to struggle with activities of daily living (A... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Subjects</title>",
"<p id=\"Par10\">Seven individuals (3 female, 4 male; 60 ± 5 years) with a history of stroke participated in a study that recorded EMG using the NeuroLife EMG System while attempting various hand and wrist movements. Additionally, data were collected from sev... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Movement intention can be inferred from forearm EMG activity of subjects with stroke using the NeuroLife EMG system</title>",
"<p id=\"Par27\">Removing the transition periods and focusing on periods of consistent activity yielded a standardized dataset to compare performance of... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par38\">In this study, we demonstrate decoding of motor intention using the NeuroLife EMG System in people with upper-extremity hemiparesis due to chronic stroke. Based on high-density surface EMG data collected from the forearm, 12 functional hand, wrist and forearm movement... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par46\">The focus of this study was to validate the NeuroLife EMG System by decoding hand, wrist, and forearm movements and collect usability data from subjects with stroke. We demonstrate accurate EMG decoding of 12 different movement classes with a neural network in both ab... | [
"<title>Objective</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Seventy-five percent of stroke survivors, caregivers, and health care professionals (HCP) believe current therapy practices are insufficient, specifically calling out the upper extremity as an area where innovation is needed to develop highly usable prosthetics/orthotic... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to thank our development and management teams at Battelle Memorial Institute including Jesse Keckler, Nick Annetta, Sam Colachis, and Josh Branch for their engineering contributions, Charli Hooper for her assistance with data collection, and Andrew Swe... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Illustration of experimental data collection procedure. Subjects were seated in front of a computer monitor with the sleeve on their impaired arm, and their arms placed on the table. The sleeve was connected to a custom-built EMG signal acquisition module, which th... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Demographics of subjects with stroke and clinical metrics</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Subject</th><th align=\"left\">UEFM</th><th align=\"left\">Time since stroke, years</th><th align=\"left\">Side of ... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM3\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn><fn><p>Eric C. Meyers and David Gabrieli contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12984_2023_1301_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12984_2023_1301_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12984_2023_1301_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12984_2023_1301_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12984_2023_1301_Fig5_... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12984_2023_1301_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1.</bold> Supplementary Data.</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12984_2023_1301_MOESM2_ESM.mp4\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 2. Media 1.</bold> Example of online decoding using NN model in stroke subject 1376... | [{"label": ["1."], "surname": ["Virani", "Alonso", "Aparicio", "Benjamin", "Bittencourt", "Callaway", "Carson", "Chamberlain", "Cheng", "Delling", "Elkind", "Evenson", "Ferguson", "Gupta", "Khan", "Kissela", "Knutson", "Lee", "Lewis", "Liu", "Loop", "Lutsey", "Ma", "Mackey", "Martin", "Matchar", "Mussolino", "Navaneeth... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 49 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2024 Jan 13; 21:7 | oa_package/f2/cb/PMC10787968.tar.gz |
PMC10787969 | 38218836 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par2\">Lentil (<italic>Lens culinaris</italic> Medik), is one of the diploid annual legumes (2n = 2x = 14); their grains are known for their richness in proteins, minerals (Fe, K, Zn, P) and fibers [##UREF##0##1##]. Lentil grains are an important component of the daily diet... | [
"<title>Material and methods</title>",
"<title>Plant material</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">A total of 80 lentil (<italic>Lens Culinaris</italic> Medik.) accessions from different countries (Afghanistan [##REF##18314378##3##], Armenia [##UREF##0##1##], Belgium [##REF##19192191##5##], Chile [##UREF##10##13##], Ethio... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Genetic variation of vegetative and phenological traits</title>",
"<p id=\"Par14\">The analysis of variance revealed a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) of genotype on all traits, and a significant variation was also observed according to the latitudinal origins for all traits exce... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par27\">Many studies on lentil have focused on the effect of genotype on physiological and morphological traits under normal temperature and photoperiod conditions in either the controlled environments or field. However, studies on the sensitivity to prolonged photoperiod are... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par34\">The results of this study indicated that extended photoperiod highly influenced the growth and development of different lentil genotypes. However, a large genetic variability for response to prolonged photoperiod was observed among the different accessions. Genotypes ... | [
"<p id=\"Par1\">Lentil is an important pulse that contributes to global food security and the sustainability of farming systems. Hence, it is important to increase the production of this crop, especially in the context of climate changes through plant breeding aiming at the development of high-yielding and climate-... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Many thanks to the team at the Laboratory of Food Legumes Breeding at the Regional Center of Agricultural Research in Settat. Your help and expertise were very important to our study. Thank you for your wonderful collaboration, it really made our work great!</p>",
"<title>... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Distribution of the studied lentil accessions according to countries, latitude and longitude</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Speed breeding growth chamber</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig3\"><label>Fig. 3</label><cap... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Classification of lentil accessions</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Level</th><th align=\"left\">Country</th><th align=\"left\">Usual cropping season</th><th align=\"left\">Flowering time (month)</th><th a... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Signif. codes: 0.000 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’. </p><p><italic>SOV</italic> source of variation, <italic>TF</italic> time to flowering, <italic>TPS</italic> time of pods set, <italic>TM</italic> time to maturity, <italic>HI</italic> harvest index, <italic>GCC</italic> green canopy cove... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13007_2024_1135_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13007_2024_1135_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13007_2024_1135_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13007_2024_1135_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13007_2024_1135_Fig5_... | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "surname": ["Bhatty"], "given-names": ["RS"], "article-title": ["Composition and quality of lentil ("], "italic": ["Lens culinaris"], "source": ["Can Inst Food Sci Technol J"], "year": ["1988"], "volume": ["21"], "issue": ["2"], "fpage": ["144"], "lpage": ["160"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/S0315-5463(88)70... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 65 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | Plant Methods. 2024 Jan 13; 20:9 | oa_package/79/55/PMC10787969.tar.gz |
PMC10787970 | 38218943 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par23\">Asthma is a global bronchial inflammatory disease that affects individuals in all age-groups, and its prevalence has shown an increasing trend in many countries [##REF##34667060##1##]. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized clinically by reversible bronchoc... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Study population</title>",
"<p id=\"Par26\">The diagnosis of asthma was based on the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines for current episodes of respiratory symptoms, evidence of variable airflow obstruction, and clinical diagnosis [##REF##32868307##11##]. This study... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Clinical characteristics of asthmatic patients and healthy non-asthmatic controls</title>",
"<p id=\"Par32\">A total of 62 patients with asthma (27 male and 35 female) were included in this study. Sixteen healthy volunteers (10 males and 6 females) were enrolled in the control ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par47\">The involvement of IL-36 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is well established. However, its role in the pathogenesis of asthma is not well characterized. IL-Rrp2 is the common binding receptor for all IL-36 isoforms, and IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ compete wi... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par51\">Our study indicates the involvement of IL-36α and IL-36β in the pathophysiology of airway inflammation in asthma, which is likely mediated via promotion of neutrophil recruitment in the airways. Our findings provide insights into the inflammatory pathways of neutroph... | [
"<p id=\"Par1\">Interleukin (IL)-36 family is closely associated with inflammation and consists of IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-36Ra. The role of IL-36 in the context of asthma and asthmatic phenotypes is not well characterized. We examined the sputum IL-36 levels in patients with different asthma phenotypes in o... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>PG contributed to the conception of the study. WL and JYL drafted the manuscript. HND, ZDW and YQH reviewed and revised it critically for important intellectual content. All authors revised the manuscript c... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Relationship between inflammatory factors in asthma and healthy non-asthmatic controls. After logarithmic conversion and adjusting for age, the data are expressed as the individual geometric mean values and statistically analyzed. Horizontal lines represent the mea... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Characteristics of asthma patients and healthy non-asthmatic controls</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Variable</th><th align=\"left\">Asthma</th><th align=\"left\">Normal</th><th align=\"left\"><italic>P</... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median (IQR). Data were analyzed by Student’s <italic>t</italic> test or Mann–Whitney U test after adjusting for age</p><p><italic>BMI</italic> body mass index, <italic>FEV1</italic> forced expiratory volume in 1 s, <italic>FVC</italic> forced vital capacity, ... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13223_2023_868_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e684\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13223_2023_868_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e921\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13223_2023_868_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e950\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13223_2023_868_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"d32e1002\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13223_20... | [] | [{"label": ["27."], "surname": ["Neilsen", "Bryce"], "given-names": ["CV", "PJ"], "article-title": ["Interleukin-13 directly promotes oesophagus production of CCL11 and CCL24 and the migration of eosinophils"], "source": ["Clin Exp Allergy J Br Soc Allergy Clin Immunol"], "year": ["2010"], "volume": ["40"], "issue": ["... | {
"acronym": [
"IL",
"TNF",
"ELISA",
"BMI",
"AHR",
"ACQ",
"FeNO",
"FEV1",
"FVC",
"TCC",
"SD",
"ANOVA",
"LSD",
"IQR",
"OR",
"CI",
"ICS",
"NA",
"EA",
"PA",
"MGA"
],
"definition": [
"Interleukin",
"Tumor necrosis factor",
... | 45 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2024 Jan 13; 20:3 | oa_package/e2/e5/PMC10787970.tar.gz |
PMC10787971 | 38218798 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent ailment worldwide, and despite substantial advancements in medical technology over the past few decades, HF holds the global record for the highest fatality rates [##UREF##0##1##, ##UREF##1##2##]. HF imposes a significant global burd... | [
"<title>Methodology</title>",
"<title>Study area</title>",
"<p id=\"Par13\">The study was conducted in the Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center (RCMRC), Tehran, Iran, which is considered one of the largest tertiary centers for cardiovascular medicine in the Middle East and includes many departments... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Participant characteristics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par41\">The median survival time for the patients was 43.40 months. Out of 435 HF patients, 61.1% were male. The mean age of the patients was 56.57 years, ranging from 14 to 95 years. In addition, 86% of the patients had education ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par61\">In this study, we investigated the survival risk factors in patients with HF using a Bayesian parametric survival modeling approach. Using the Bayesian approach for competing risks has advantages compared with other survival modeling methods. In this manner, by utiliz... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par73\">In this study, using a Bayesian approach, we concluded that chest pain and hyperlipidemia levels are significant risk factors for predicting mortality in HF-related mortality and non-HF-related mortality. Furthermore, we have discussed risk factors separately for each... | [
"<title>Purpose</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Heart failure (HF) is a widespread ailment and is a primary contributor to hospital admissions. The focus of this study was to identify factors affecting the extended-term survival of patients with HF, anticipate patient outcomes through cause-of-death analysis, and ident... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors express their sincere gratitude to the Research Deputy of Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, the HIS Department of the hospital, and the specialized cardiologist for HF for their invaluable collaboration.</p>",
"<title>Informed consent</title>... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Graphical display of the competing risks model: the situation where some risks are competing in patients with heart failure. TR<sub>A</sub>: Time Ratio in HF-related mortality and TR<sub>B</sub>: Time Ratio in Non-HF-related mortality</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Taba\"><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"><p>\n<bold><italic>Main Points</italic></bold>\n</p><p>• Most studies’ competing risks suffer from an overestimation of the prediction of survival when using the Cox model.</p><p>• A competing risk approach... | [
"<inline-formula id=\"IEq1\"><alternatives><tex-math id=\"M1\">\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsmath}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{wasysym} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsfonts} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amssymb} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsbsy}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{upgreek}\n... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Rate = failures/person-time; <italic>P</italic>-values computed from log-rank test and bold <italic>P</italic>-values indicate significant differences (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05)</p><p><italic>CI </italic>Confidence interval</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Bold values indicate... | [
"<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2023_3685_Article_IEq1.gif\"/>",
"<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2023_3685_Article_IEq2.gif\"/>",
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"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2023_3685_Article_Equa.gif\" position=\"anchor\"/>",
"<inline-graphic x... | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "surname": ["Mamun", "Farjana", "Al Mamun", "Ahammed", "Rahman"], "given-names": ["M", "A", "M", "MS", "MM"], "source": ["Heart failure survival prediction using machine learning algorithm: am I safe from heart failure? 2022 IEEE World AI IoT Congress"], "year": ["2022"], "publisher-name": ["AIIoT)"]... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 49 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2024 Jan 13; 24:45 | oa_package/05/51/PMC10787971.tar.gz |
PMC10787972 | 38218866 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par3\">BLCA is the most frequent diagnosed malignant tumor of the genitourinary system [##REF##35022204##1##]. Although unprecedented progress has been made in early diagnosis of BLCA tumors and multiple treatment options have been established (such as surgery and intravesi... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Cell culture and reagents</title>",
"<p id=\"Par31\">T24 and UMUC3 cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). These BLCA cells were cultured in DMEM (for UMUC3 and UMUC3-R) and RPMI-1640 (for T24 and T24-R) mediums added in... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Identification of gemcitabine resistance and metabolism-related differentially expressed genes in BLCA</title>",
"<p id=\"Par7\">With the purpose of studying the molecular biological changes in BLCA cells after gemcitabine resistance, we obtained drug-resistant differential gen... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par21\">Gemcitabine is the most common drug in cancer chemotherapy, including BLCA. The occurrence of gemcitabine resistance remains the most important challenge in the treatment of tumor patients [##REF##32727463##15##]. Drug-resistant cancers, under pharmacological pressure... | [] | [
"<p id=\"Par1\">Bladder cancer (BLCA) is the most frequent malignant tumor of the genitourinary system. Postoperative chemotherapy drug perfusion and chemotherapy are important means for the treatment of BLCA. However, once drug resistance occurs, BLCA develops rapidly after recurrence. BLCA cells rely on unique me... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>CHG, FYT, and LJZ conceived the study. LJZ, KXD, and YHD designed experiments. LJZ, KXD, YHD, and YMZ performed experiments. LJZ, K.X.D., YMZ, and YBL assisted with animal experiments. MDR, YHL, and W.B.P. helped to obtain BLCA patients’ clinical information. LJZ, KXD, L... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Identification of Gemcitabine Resistance and Metabolism-Related Differentially Expressed Genes in BLCA. <bold>A</bold> By comparing T24 gemcitabine-resistant cells with nonresistant cells, a volcano map of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was drawn. Blue repre... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn><fn><p>Lijie Zhou, Kaixuan Du and Yiheng Dai have contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12967_2024_4867_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12967_2024_4867_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12967_2024_4867_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12967_2024_4867_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12967_2024_4867_Fig5_... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12967_2024_4867_MOESM1_ESM.pdf\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1:</bold>Figure S1-6 and the corresponding legends.</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12967_2024_4867_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 2: </bold>The list of OS-related RM-DEGs.</p></caption></medi... | [{"label": ["3."], "surname": ["Mari", "D'Andrea", "Abufaraj", "Foerster", "Kimura", "Shariat"], "given-names": ["A", "D", "M", "B", "S", "SF"], "article-title": ["Genetic determinants for chemo- and radiotherapy resistance in bladder cancer"], "source": ["Trans Androl Urol"], "year": ["2017"], "volume": ["6"], "issue"... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 54 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | J Transl Med. 2024 Jan 13; 22:55 | oa_package/78/36/PMC10787972.tar.gz |
PMC10787973 | 38218759 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Currently, 5.32 billion people in the world use a smartphone, and 4 out of 5 mobile devices are active and permanently connected to the Internet [##UREF##0##1##]. In addition, three-quarters of the planet’s inhabitants use social networks as communication channels an... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par69\">The objective of this research is to advance the knowledge of new structures of motivational factors that can understand the decision of a tourist to make a DFT trip. To this end, it is investigated whether family and social engagement and health and relaxation have a po... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Analysis of the measurement model</title>",
"<p id=\"Par89\">The reliability and validity of the proposed model are checked to verify that the observed variables accurately measure the theoretical concepts. All the constructs are reflective, which means that the model uses data... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par104\">The first and second hypotheses are validated, which show that both ENG and REL have a positive influence on BI and NAT [##UREF##19##27##, ##UREF##24##32##, ##UREF##32##41##]. This coincides with the findings of [##UREF##21##29##, ##UREF##40##49##] and therefore vali... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<title>Theoretical implications</title>",
"<p id=\"Par117\">Theoretical contribution with DFT as a driver for attracting potential tourists to help service providers to offer efficient, sustainable services to support the health and wellbeing demanded by tourists who wish to digit... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">The excessive use of information technologies (IT) and online digital devices are causing symptoms of burnout, anxiety, stress and dependency that affect the physical and mental health of our society, extending to leisure time and work relationships. Digital free touri... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<title>Social and family engagement</title>",
"<p id=\"Par32\">Every individual wants to have social relationships with others [##UREF##10##15##, ##REF##35120510##25##]. Therefore, the influence exerted by family and friends is very important in our lives since it can directly affe... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to thank all who responded to the questionnaire for their participation. We would also like to thank the reviewers, experts and colleagues who commented on the drafts.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>All authors made substantial co... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Theoretical model. <italic>Note</italic>: ENG (Social and Family Engagement), NAT (Nature Connectedness), H-REL (Health-Relaxation, BI (Behavioural Intention), ECO (Economic sustainability). <italic>Source</italic>: Authors </p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Terminology in digital free tourism travel and digital disconnection travel</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Terminology DFT</th><th align=\"left\">Authors</th><th align=\"left\">Year</th><th align=\"left\"... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Own authors</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p><italic>Note</italic>: Bootstrapping 95% confidence interval using 5000 samples</p><p>*p value < 0.05, using t (4999), one-tailed test, **p value < 0.01, using t (4999), one-tailed test and ***p value < 0.001, using t (4999), o... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12889_2023_17584_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e1082\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12889_2023_17584_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e2022\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12889_2023_17584_MOESM1_ESM.xlsx\"><caption><p>Supplementary Material 1</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12889_2023_17584_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx\"><caption><p>Supplementary Material 2</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"label": ["1."], "mixed-citation": ["UNWTO, Transforming tourism by measuring its, sustainability. 2022. "], "ext-link": ["https://www.unwto.org/news/transforming-tourism-by-measuring-its-sustainability"]}, {"label": ["2."], "surname": ["Ronaghi", "Ronaghi"], "given-names": ["M", "M"], "article-title": ["A contextual... | {
"acronym": [
"AI",
"BI",
"DFT",
"HTMT",
"IT"
],
"definition": [
"Artificial Intelligence",
"Behavioural intentions",
"Digital Free Tourism",
"Heterotrait-monotrait criterion",
"Information Technology"
]
} | 86 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | BMC Public Health. 2024 Jan 13; 24:176 | oa_package/0d/ea/PMC10787973.tar.gz |
PMC10787974 | 38218787 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common gastroenterological condition, with approximately 80% of patients developing mild to moderately severe disease (no organ failure > 48 h) and the rest progressing into severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) [##UREF##0##1##]. The death r... | [
"<title>Method</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">This study was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.</p>",
"<title>Search strategy</title>",
"<p id=\"Par10\">We conducted a systematic literature search on Embase, Cochrane library, PubM... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Literature search and research characteristics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par17\">According to a predefined search strategy, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, generating 1266 articles. By strictly following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 articl... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par34\">The results of this meta-analysis showed that increased resistin levels were associated with SAP, whereas leptin and adiponectin levels were not linked to SAP. Only three of the studies included visfatin, not enough to draw any conclusions.</p>",
"<p id=\"Par35\">Re... | [] | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a dangerous condition with a high mortality rate. Many studies have found an association between adipokines and the development of SAP, but the results are controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of the association of i... | [
"<title>Electronic supplementary material</title>",
"<p>Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We appreciate from both Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial People’s Hospital and Graduate School of Hebei North University.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>Jing Wu, Xuehua Yu, and Ning Zhang participated in literature collection.Yunhong Zha... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>The PRISMA flow chart of literature screening</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Forest plots of SMD with 95% CI of peripheral blood levels of resistin (<bold>A</bold>), leptin (<bold>B</bold>), adiponectin (<bold>C</bold>) a... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Characteristics of 20 studies included in the meta-analysis (1)</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\">Author, year</th><th align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\">Country</th><th align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\">... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM3\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material ... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>n/r, not reported; ELISA, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay; IA, immunoassays; IF, immunofluorescence</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>SAP, Severe acute pancreatitis; MAP, Mild acute pancreatitis; SD, standard deviation; N, number; n/r, not reported</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<fn-... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12876_2024_3126_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e422\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12876_2024_3126_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e1848\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12876_2024_3126_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e1978\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12876_2024_3126_MOESM1_ESM.tif\"><caption><p><bold>Supplementary Material 1:</bold> Forest plots of subgroup analysis by year of publication (A), age (B), sample size (C), and definition of SAP group and MAP group (D) in resistin</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12876_2024_3126_MO... | [{"label": ["1."], "surname": ["Mederos", "Reber", "Girgis", "Acute Pancreatitis"], "given-names": ["MA", "HA", "MD"], "source": ["Rev JAMA"], "year": ["2021"], "volume": ["325"], "issue": ["4"], "fpage": ["382"], "lpage": ["90"], "pub-id": ["10.1001/jama.2020.20317"]}, {"label": ["3."], "mixed-citation": ["Kui B, Pint... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 86 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | BMC Gastroenterol. 2024 Jan 13; 24:32 | oa_package/c3/22/PMC10787974.tar.gz |
PMC10787975 | 38218799 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par6\">Typically the main aim of a phase I dose-finding trials is to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the treatment being investigated. The MTD is usually determined under the monotonicity assumption which assumes that as dose increases so does the probability o... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>The PO-TITE-CRM design</title>",
"<p id=\"Par13\">Wages et al. [##REF##22806898##10##] introduced the PO-TITE-CRM design which builds directly upon the PO-CRM design by incorporating a TITE component into the dose-toxicity model. The aim of which is to determine the target dose... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par38\">Simulations were repeatedly utilised during the design process of the trial to assess how various changes to design features impact the overall performance. Changes to design features such as the sample size, weight function and stopping rules helped inform decisions whi... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par47\">The PO-CRM and PO-TITE-CRM designs offer solutions to the issue of partial ordering where the order of the doses of treatments are only partially known. The original methodology details that this issue commonly arises in trials of multiple agents, where each drug indi... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par56\">We detail the issue of partial ordering and how we implemented the trial design, in what we believe is the first real-world application of this design. A large amount of simulation work is required to assess the performance of the design. We recommend running several ... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">In this article we describe the methodology of the time-to-event continual reassessment method in the presence of partial orders (PO-TITE-CRM) and the process of implementing this trial design into a phase I trial in head and neck cancer called ADePT-DDR. The ADePT-DDR... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We would like to thank the members of the ADePT-DDR Trial Management Group and Trial Safety Committee for their contributions to the trial. We also thank V.Homer for her help validating the code used to conduct simulations. Finally, thank you to the editor and reviewers whos... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>ADePT-DDR dose levels across dose and duration</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Weights of patients who have not experienced a DLT across the observation window</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>ADePT-DDR dose-levels and duration of treatment for AZD6738</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Dose Level</th><th align=\"left\">AZD6738 Daily dose (mg BD)</th><th align=\"left\">Weeks</th><th align=\"left\">... | [
"<inline-formula id=\"IEq1\"><alternatives><tex-math id=\"M1\">\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsmath}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{wasysym} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsfonts} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amssymb} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsbsy}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{upgreek}\n... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"12874_2024_2142_Article_IEq1.gif\"/>",
"<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"12874_2024_2142_Article_IEq2.gif\"/>",
"<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"12874_2024_2142_Article_IEq3.gif\"/>",
"<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"12874_2024_2142_Article_IEq4.gif\"/>",
"<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"12... | [] | [{"label": ["3."], "surname": ["Round", "Williams", "Mee", "Kirkby", "Cooper", "Hoskin"], "given-names": ["C", "M", "T", "N", "T", "P"], "article-title": ["Radiotherapy demand and activity in England 2006\u20132020"], "source": ["Clin Oncol."], "year": ["2013"], "volume": ["25"], "issue": ["9"], "fpage": ["522"], "lpag... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 14 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | BMC Med Res Methodol. 2024 Jan 13; 24:11 | oa_package/21/da/PMC10787975.tar.gz |
PMC10787976 | 38218929 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Informed consent among patients undergoing surgical procedure is the process of shared decision-making made by the client or his/her surrogates after fully explained what he/she is consenting [##UREF##0##1##]. It is a voluntary agreement by a competent individual aft... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Study design and protocol registration</title>",
"<p id=\"Par14\">A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (SRMA) was conducted to quantify the pooled level of patient knowledge and perception towards informed consent and determinants among surgical patients in Ethiopia. A prelimi... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par24\">A total of 1635 studies were searched by using a searching strategy in this systematic review and meta-analysis study. Among those studies, 452 articles were excluded due to redundancy. From the remaining 1115 articles, 1148 studies were excluded in the review of the abs... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par42\">Patient knowledge and perception of informed consent are important to increase client satisfaction and better health outcomes for surgical patients. Evidence on patient knowledge, perception, and its determinants is crucial for physicians, health managers, and policym... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par49\">The appropriate patient knowledge and perception of informed consent in Ethiopia is low. Formal education and history of signed informed consent were positive factors for the level of patient knowledge of informed consent in Ethiopia. Physicians, policymakers, and hea... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Informed consent is one of the safeguarding of the patient in medical practice at different standards such as ethical, legal, and administrative purposes. Patient knowledge and perception of informed consent are one of the priority concerns in surgical procedures. Pati... | [
"<title>Electronic supplementary material</title>",
"<p>Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We have special thanks to all authors, data collectors, and supervisors of the primary studies included in this systematic review and meta-analysis.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>MMM designed the study, performed analysis, interpreted the data, and pre... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>PRISMA 2020 flow diagram</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Forest plot pooled prevalence of patient knowledge towards informed consent among surgical patients in Ethiopia 2023</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig3\"><label... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Characteristics of studies included in this systemic review and meta-analysis, in Ethiopia, 2023 (n = 7)</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Author</th><th align=\"left\">Study period</th><th align=\"left\">Re... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13037_2023_386_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e719\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13037_2023_386_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e762\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13037_2023_386_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e772\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13037_2023_386_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"d32e787\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13037_202... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"13037_2023_386_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p>Supplementary Material 1</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"13037_2023_386_MOESM2_ESM.docx\"><caption><p>Supplementary Material 2</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"label": ["1."], "surname": ["Shoemaker", "Brach", "Edwards", "Chitavi", "Thomas", "Wasserman"], "given-names": ["SJ", "C", "A", "SO", "R", "M"], "article-title": ["Opportunities to improve informed consent with AHRQ training modules"], "source": ["Joint Comm J Qual Patient Saf"], "year": ["2018"], "volume": ["44"], ... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 38 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | Patient Saf Surg. 2024 Jan 13; 18:2 | oa_package/d9/07/PMC10787976.tar.gz |
PMC10787977 | 38221641 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Uncontrolled asthma can affect sleep quality as increased nocturnal symptoms are synonymous with uncontrolled disease. However, short or excessive sleep duration and poor sleep quality are risk factors for asthma exacerbations and healthcare usage, poorer quality of ... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par8\">Data for this analysis was retrieved from two recent local trials approved by the West of Scotland Regional Ethics Committee (references 16/WS/0200 and 18/WS/0216) and undertaken between 2017 and 2021: one of pulmonary rehabilitation in difficult-to-treat as... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par12\">Of 133-patient data-sets available, nine were excluded due to lack of data (defined ≤ 3 nights use), leaving 124 participants (44 with mild asthma, 80 with difficult-to-treat asthma). Of the 124, 56% were female, median (IQR) age was 57 (47, 64) years and the majority we... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par15\">We observed no differences in sleep duration or efficiency between mild and difficult-to-treat groups, but whilst there was no difference in wake time, there was a later time of sleep-onset in the difficult-to-treat group which may reflect greater difficulty in sleep ... | [] | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Poor sleep health is associated with increased asthma morbidity and mortality. Accelerometers have been validated to assess sleep parameters though studies using this method in patients with asthma are sparse and none have compared mild to difficult-to-treat asthma p... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors are grateful to the all participants from the two trials.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>VS aided with study design, data collection and performed data analysis and manuscript preparation. HCR, FS and AG aided with data collection and review... | [] | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Baseline characteristics</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Variable</th><th align=\"left\">Overall <italic>n</italic> = 124</th><th align=\"left\">Mild asthma <italic>n</italic> = 44</th><th align=\"left\">D... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Continuous variables described as median (interquartile range)</p><p>Categorical variables described as n (%)</p><p><italic>p</italic>-value compares mild vs. difficult-to-treat groups with Mann Whitney U for continuous and chi square or Fisher’s exact for categorical variables</p><p>Abbreviati... | [] | [] | [{"label": ["3."], "mixed-citation": ["Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Uncontrolled Asthma Associated. With Elevated BMI. "], "ext-link": ["https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT03630432"]}, {"label": ["4."], "mixed-citation": ["Weight Loss for Uncontrolled Asthma Associated. With Elevated BMI. "], "ext-link": ["https://Clin... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 7 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2024 Jan 14; 20:5 | oa_package/6f/29/PMC10787977.tar.gz |
PMC10787978 | 38218803 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par8\">Lung cancer is the second most common malignancies in China, where up to 39.8% of all 2.2 million worldwide newly diagnosed cases were from China in 2020 [##REF##33538338##1##, ##UREF##0##2##]. Only 17.3% of the lung cancer patients are diagnosed at stage I, others a... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Study design and model description</title>",
"<p id=\"Par11\">In this modelling study, the Markov model on lung cancer screening that developed by our previous work was used and adapted for the purpose of assessing the potential impact of LDCT screening with and without a PRS f... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Base-case analysis</title>",
"<p id=\"Par22\">In the absence of screening, the total number of lung cancer death per 100,000 heavy smokers aged between 50–79 years were estimated to range from 4,434 to 10,586. The introduction of a screening program led to a decrease of lung ca... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par28\">We assessed the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening per the NCC recommendation when PRS is introduced to further assess the eligibility of lung cancer screening on the basis of the current definitions of high-risk population for lung cancer i... | [] | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Several studies have proved that Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) is a potential candidate for realizing precision screening. The effectiveness of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer has been proved to reduce lung cancer specific and overall morta... | [
"<title>Summary</title>",
"<title>Evidence before this study</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">China, with 1/3 proportion of smoking population across the world has substantial cancer burden while lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death. The effectiveness for mortality reduction of lung cancer scr... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to thank all participants who took part in the survey.</p>",
"<title>Data sharing statement</title>",
"<p id=\"Par34\">The datasets used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.</p>",
"<title>Aut... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>The schematic diagram of research design. Abbreviations: RR, relative risk; LDCT, low-dose computed tomography; PRS, polygenic risk score; CKB, China Kadoorie Biobank; ICER, incremental cost -effectiveness ratio; ICUR, incremental cost-utility ratio</p></caption></... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Input parameters of Markov model</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Variables</th><th align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\">Base-case value</th><th align=\"left\">Distribution</th><th align=\"left\">Source</th></tr><t... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><italic>Abbreviations: RR</italic> Relative risk ratio, <italic>CIS</italic> Carcinoma in situ, <italic>PRS</italic> Polygenic risk score, <italic>LDCT</italic> Low-dose computed tomography, <italic>CNY</italic> Chinese yuan, <italic>CanSPUC</italic> Cancer Screening Program in Urban China</p><... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12885_2023_11800_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12885_2023_11800_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12885_2023_11800_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12885_2023_11800_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1. Appendix 1. </bold>Operational validation for the natural history model of lung cancer. <bold>Figure S1.</bold> Schematic diagram of Markov model for lung cancer screening. <bold>Table S1.</bold> Initial and death probabili... | [{"label": ["2."], "mixed-citation": ["Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, et al. Global cancer observatory: cancer today. lyon, france: international agency for research on cancer. Available from: "], "ext-link": ["https://gco.iarc.fr/today"]}, {"label": ["3."], "surname": ["Zeng", "Ran", "An"], "given-names": ["H", "X", "L"], ... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 50 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | BMC Cancer. 2024 Jan 13; 24:73 | oa_package/ca/5c/PMC10787978.tar.gz |
PMC10787979 | 38218793 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Poor oral health is a major global public health problem [##UREF##0##1##]. Around 3.5 billion people worldwide are affected by oral diseases, predominantly untreated dental caries (tooth decay), severe periodontal disease, and tooth loss [##REF##32122215##2##]. These o... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Study population and questionnaire data</title>",
"<p id=\"Par8\">As described in detail previously [##REF##19332502##23##], the Golestan Cohort Study is a prospective, population-based cohort of 50,045 individuals between ages 40 and 75 years at baseline in Golestan Province, ... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par15\">Table ##TAB##0##1## shows the baseline characteristics of the cohort participants, overall and by DMFT category. The majority of cohort participants had never smoked cigarettes (82.8%) or used nass (92.3%) or opium (83.1%). Overall, the mean cigarette smoking pack-years ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par23\">In this large, prospective cohort study, more than half of the cohort members reported never brushing their teeth, and the participants had on average 23.4 decayed, missing, or filled teeth. Higher DMFT scores were associated with a progressively higher risk of both l... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par28\">We found evidence in this cohort that poor dental status, as indicated by higher DMFT scores and greater tooth loss, was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer incidence and mortality after controlling for other important risk factors such as cigarette smoki... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Poor oral health has been linked to various systemic diseases, including multiple cancer types, but studies of its association with lung cancer have been inconclusive.</p>",
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par2\">We examined the relationship between dental statu... | [
"<title>Electronic supplementary material</title>",
"<p>Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>Y.Y.: Conceptualization, data curation, software, formal analysis, methodology, writing–original draft. C.C.A.: Conceptualization, formal analysis, methodology, writing–original draft, project administration. G.R.: Data curation, investigation, writing–review and editing... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Associations between dental status, substance use, and incident lung cancer, overall and stratified by cigarette smoking and opium use status. Subjects were stratified into binary groups of those that ever smoked cigarettes or used opium and those that never used e... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Baseline characteristics of the Golestan Cohort Study participants, overall and by DMFT group</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\"/><th align=\"left\"/><th align=\"left\"/><th align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\">DMFT ... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>DMFT, the sum of decayed, missing, or filled teeth; Q, quartile; SD, standard deviation; SES, socioeconomic status; T, tertile</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps a... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12885_2024_11850_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e1086\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12885_2024_11850_MOESM1_ESM.xlsx\"><caption><p><bold>Supplementary Material 1:</bold> Supplementary tables</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12885_2024_11850_MOESM2_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Supplementary Material 2:</bold> Supplementary figures</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"label": ["1."], "surname": ["Peres", "Macpherson", "Weyant", "Daly", "Venturelli", "Mathur"], "given-names": ["MA", "LMD", "RJ", "B", "R", "MR"], "article-title": ["Oral diseases: a global public health challenge"], "source": ["The Lancet"], "year": ["2019"], "volume": ["394"], "fpage": ["249"], "lpage": ["60"], "pu... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 45 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:46 | BMC Cancer. 2024 Jan 13; 24:74 | oa_package/70/d7/PMC10787979.tar.gz |
PMC10787980 | 38218769 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most ignored and undiagnosed conditions in the general population [##REF##21872807##1##, ##REF##19543765##2##]. Studies conducted in the past among various communities and locations of Indian population exhibited prevalence of Vitam... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par8\">For conducting the present study, necessary approvals were obtained from the Central ethics committee, Nitte (deemed to be) University. Approval obtained dated NU/CEC/2020/0339 and NU/CEC/2022/291, prior initiation of the study, also renewal done.</p>",
"<... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Demographic characteristics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par23\">Of the 272 Caries Active and 105 Caries Free individuals, 239 were females and 138 were males (Tables ##TAB##0##1## and ##TAB##1##2##). Data highlighted in Tables ##TAB##9##10## and ##TAB##10##11## exhibits the comparison b... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par29\">Past research has shown that genetic factors play a vital role in risk of dental caries, which in turn is due to the multifaceted nature of caries itself [##REF##9808140##16##]. Vitamin D has been shown to control calcium haemostasis which in turn significantly influe... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par33\">The present study focused on evaluating the levels of Vitamin D, IL-17A, IL-6, and LL-37 in saliva of individuals with and without caries. Salivary vitamin D was higher in caries free individuals as compared to those with caries. This could be because vitamin D plays... | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Vitamin D performs various functions as a hormone by promoting calcium absorption but plays a major role in innate immunity,cell differentiation, cell maturation through its genomic effects via vitamin D receptor. The immune response also plays a major role in tooth ... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Central research laboratory for immense support through conducting the analysis.</p>",
"<title>Authors’ contributions</title>",
"<p>N wrote and planned the study, Hegde MN and Kumari SN reviewed the manuscript and help conduct the study.</p>",
"<title>Funding</title>",... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Immunomodulatory role of vitamin D through production of antimicrobial peptides. Presence pathogenic microorganisms stimulate the activation of TLR1/2 and stimulate CYP27B1, which in turn converts the inactive vitamin D to active vitamin D; leading to complexation ... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Depicts the association of gender, location, diet and age groups with caries active group</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\" colspan=\"2\">Characteristics</th><th align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\">C... | [
"<disp-formula id=\"Equa\"><alternatives><tex-math id=\"M1\">\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsmath}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{wasysym} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsfonts} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amssymb} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsbsy}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{upgreek}\n\t... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><italic>P</italic> < 0.05 was considered statistically significant</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p><italic>P</italic> < 0.05 was considered statistically significant</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p><italic>P</italic> < 0.05 was considered statistically sig... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3749_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3749_Article_Equa.gif\" position=\"anchor\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["13."], "mixed-citation": ["Oral health surveys: basic methods - 5th edition,2013"]}, {"label": ["32."], "surname": ["Guo", "Shi"], "given-names": ["L", "W"], "article-title": ["Salivary biomarkers for caries risk assessment"], "source": ["J California Dent Associat"], "year": ["2013"], "volume": ["41"], "i... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 35 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | BMC Oral Health. 2024 Jan 13; 24:79 | oa_package/7b/26/PMC10787980.tar.gz |
PMC10787981 | 38218822 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">Preparation of dental hard tissues using high-speed rotary instruments generates heat; therefore, adequate cooling of the preparation area must be provided to prevent collateral thermal damage of the surrounding tissues [##REF##26051868##1##]. Heat generation and coo... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Sample preparation</title>",
"<p id=\"Par15\">In this study, seventy-two teeth with presumably narrow root canals were used. Navigated endodontic drilling enables straight preparation due to the relative rigidity of drills compared to conventional endodontic instr... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par51\">No prior recommendation for drill speed in guided endodontic drilling was found among published scientific literature; therefore, we conducted a preliminary study to determine optimal drill speeds. In this preliminary experiment (data not shown) it was found rotary speed... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par59\">Guided root canal drilling leads to heat generation at the drill-dentine interface. Excessive heat generation may lead to collateral thermal damage of the tissues of the periodontal ligament surrounding the root [##REF##31520416##8##]. According to Sauk et al. [##REF#... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par68\">There is a growing need for the development of technical recommendations and protocols as the technique of guided root canal drilling becomes increasingly more accessible to dental practitioners. With the cautious evaluation of unswayed anatomical factors of the tooth... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Navigated endodontics is a cutting-edge technology becoming increasingly more accessible for dental practitioners. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the ideal technical parameters of this procedure to prevent collateral damage of the surrounding tissues. There is a... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>None.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>Zs. R.: Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - Original Draft.I. M.: Data Curation, Validation, Review & Editing.Á. N.: Funding acquisition, Writing - Review & Editing.K. T.: Project administration, Valida... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>The unique stable support structure used during the study. The blue arrow indicates the external orifice of the channel for the thermocouple electrode</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>CBCT scan of the teeth inside the suppo... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Mean temperature elevations for each group</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\"/><th align=\"left\">RPM</th><th align=\"left\">Cooling</th><th align=\"left\">Trepanation</th><th align=\"left\">Number of teeth</... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3799_Figa_HTML\" id=\"d32e258\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3799_Figb_HTML\" id=\"d32e273\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3799_Figc_HTML\" id=\"d32e292\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3799_Figd_HTML\" id=\"d32e302\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903... | [] | [{"label": ["11."], "surname": ["Kniha", "Heussen", "Weber", "M\u00f6hlhenrich", "H\u00f6lzle", "Modabber"], "given-names": ["K", "N", "E", "SC", "F", "A"], "article-title": ["Temperature threshold values of bone necrosis for Thermo-Explantation of Dental Implants-A systematic review on Preclinical"], "source": ["Vivo ... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 15 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | BMC Oral Health. 2024 Jan 13; 24:76 | oa_package/96/fd/PMC10787981.tar.gz |
PMC10787982 | 38218860 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par11\">The global technical strategy for malaria 2016–2030 of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends strengthening malaria surveillance as a fundamental activity to inform programme planning and implementation for improved outbreak detection in malaria-endemic countr... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Study setting</title>",
"<p id=\"Par15\">Uganda comprises 15 health regions, of which 2 (West Nile and Acholi Regions) are considered areas with high annual malaria transmission rates. Five (Lango, Karamoja, Teso, Bukedi, and Busoga Regions) are considered medium malaria transm... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Characteristics of the study data</title>",
"<p id=\"Par20\">Varying malaria incidence levels were identified for districts in the same malaria transmission region (Table ##TAB##0##1##). Overall, 8 of the 16 districts were recategorized based on the use of district data rather ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par26\">Identifying the appropriate situations to respond to an apparent increase in cases of a disease in an endemic setting is challenging. The use of transmission intensity-specific thresholds, based on historical data, is meant to facilitate the identification of malaria ... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par34\">Our study demonstrated notable differences in district malaria transmission levels from the assigned regional malaria transmission levels. Among the districts evaluated, the 75th percentile approach proved most applicable for all transmission areas. However, the numbe... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Malaria outbreaks are detected by applying the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended thresholds (the less sensitive 75th percentile or mean + 2 standard deviations [2SD] for medium-to high-transmission areas, and the more sensitive cumulative sum [C-SUM] method f... | [
"<title>Data source</title>",
"<p id=\"Par16\">Historic weekly malaria surveillance data from the District Health Information System version 2 (DHIS2) during 2017–2021 was used for the calculation of thresholds. The health facility malaria data are routinely generated at health facilities in outpatient registers.... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We appreciate the National Malaria Control Division and other national malaria stakeholders for raising the questions that initiated this analysis.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>GMZ conducted data extraction, analysis, and interpretation of the data un... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Average regional malaria transmission rates, Uganda, 2017–2021</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Weekly malaria cases and thresholds on the currently used 75th percentile and mean + 2SD for the year 2022 for the high transmi... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Malaria transmission levels and reporting rates over time for the study districts</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\">Region</th><th align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\">District</th><th align=\"left\" r... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>75%: 75th percentile; 85%: 85th percentile</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12936_2024_4838_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12936_2024_4838_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12936_2024_4838_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12936_2024_4838_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12936_2024_4838_Fig5_... | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "collab": ["WHO"], "source": ["Global technical strategy for malaria 2016\u20132030"], "year": ["2015"], "publisher-loc": ["Geneva"], "publisher-name": ["World Health Organization"]}, {"label": ["2."], "collab": ["Target Malaria"], "source": ["Uganda malaria facts"], "year": ["2022"], "publisher-loc"... | {
"acronym": [
"API",
"DHIS2",
"HC",
"SD",
"C-SUM",
"HMIS"
],
"definition": [
"Annual parasite incidence",
"District Health Information System (DHIS2)",
"Health facility",
"Standard deviation",
"Cumulative sum",
"Health Management Information System"
]
} | 19 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | Malar J. 2024 Jan 13; 23:18 | oa_package/4e/f1/PMC10787982.tar.gz |
PMC10787983 | 38218826 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">As a common malignancy threatening women's health, endometrial cancer (EC) is characterized with a continuously increasing incidence over the past decade. At present, EC has become the second leading cause of gynecological cancer-related death in women [##REF##353978... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Tissue specimens</title>",
"<p id=\"Par7\">Tissue specimens were collected from 20 patients pathologically diagnosed as EC in Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2016 and May 2019. These patients did not receive any chemo... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Fancd2 was up-regulated in endometrial cancer and associated with chemoresistance</title>",
"<p id=\"Par17\">Fancd2 expression in EC tissues and cells was measured to explore the role of Fancd2 in EC. RT-qPCR and western blot showed that Fancd2 expression was significantly incr... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par22\">Although treatment strategies for EC have gradually improved, patients with advanced EC are prone to develop drug resistance during chemotherapy, seriously affecting the therapeutic effect [##REF##31910163##17##]. Several recent studies have revealed genes associated ... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par26\">Fancd2 expression was significantly up-regulated in EC. Besides, Fancd2 led to chemoresistance by decreasing ferroptosis levels in Ishikawa EC cell lines. Therefore, Fancd2 may serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for chemoresistance in EC. This study provides ... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Resistance can develop during treatment of advanced endometrial cancer (EC), leading to unsatisfactory results. Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 (Fancd2) has been shown to be closely related to drug resistance in cancer cells. Therefore, this study was designed ... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable.</p>",
"<title>Authors’ contributions</title>",
"<p>Hai-Hong Lin and Wei-Hong Zeng designed and coordinated the study. Ru Pan and Nan-Xiang Lei collected and analyzed the data. All authors contributed to the interpretations and conclusions presented. Hai-K... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Fancd2 was up-regulated in endometrial cancer and associated with chemoresistance. <bold>A</bold> RT-qPCR was used to detect Fancd2 expression in normal and endometrial cancer (EC) tissues. <bold>B</bold> Western blot was adopted to check the expression level of Fa... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>The patient's clinical information</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Patient information</th><th align=\"left\">Tumor (<italic>n</italic> = 20)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\">Ag... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2857_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2857_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2857_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2857_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2857_Fig5_... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2857_MOESM1_ESM.pdf\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1.</bold></p></caption></media>"
] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 26 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | BMC Womens Health. 2024 Jan 13; 24:41 | oa_package/1f/c9/PMC10787983.tar.gz |
PMC10787984 | 38218933 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">Postoperative knee rehabilitation is paramount to maintaining joint motion function [##REF##33337819##1##–##REF##23690452##4##]. The incidence of knee stiffness is reported to be as high as 35% with no or inappropriate rehabilitation [##REF##31728379##2##, ##REF##236... | [
"<title>Method</title>",
"<p id=\"Par13\">This systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement protocol. This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42023410252).</p... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par22\">A total of 1025 publications was retrieved according to the search method, and a total of 6 clinical articles were screened for inclusion in the analysis based on the minimum standard. Figure ##FIG##0##1## represents the screening process. Six direct comparisons of 557 c... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par31\">The present study finds that combined with CPM did not significantly improve postoperative functional recovery compared to physical therapy. There was no difference between the two in terms of time to discharge and patient satisfaction. Overall, CPM did not show an ad... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par36\">Combined with CPM did not significantly improve postoperative functional recovery relative to physical therapy. There was no difference between the two in terms of time to hospital discharge and patient satisfaction. Overall, CPM did not show superior benefits for pos... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Continuous passive motion (CPM) is commonly used as a postoperative rehabilitation treatment, along with physical therapy, for postoperative knee rehabilitation. However, the comparison between the two in terms of efficacy in postoperative knee replacement recovery is ... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We thank DaoFeng Wang for his outstanding statistical analysis guidance.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>LWH did conceptualization; JZF collected the data; JZF, ZWP analyzed the data; JZF done original manuscript writing; ZWP and XC checked the language;... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>PRISMA flowchart</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Forest plots of range of motion. <bold>A</bold> Passive knee flexion; <bold>B</bold> passive knee extension</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig3\"><label>Fig. 3</label><c... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Basic characteristics of the included papers</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Author</th><th align=\"left\">Year</th><th align=\"left\">Nation</th><th align=\"left\">CPM</th><th align=\"left\">PT</th><th al... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><italic>SF-36</italic> 36-item Short Form Health Survey; <italic>VAS</italic> Visual Analog Scale; <italic>ROM</italic> range of motion; <italic>PAQ</italic> patient-administered questionnaire</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p><italic>RCT</italic> randomized control trial</p></tabl... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13018_2024_4536_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13018_2024_4536_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13018_2024_4536_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13018_2024_4536_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13018_2024_4536_Fig5_... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"13018_2024_4536_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1:</bold> Appendice 1.</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"label": ["7."], "surname": ["He", "Xiao", "Lei", "Li", "Wu", "Liao"], "given-names": ["ML", "ZM", "M", "TS", "H", "J"], "article-title": ["Continuous passive motion for preventing venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty"], "source": ["Cochrane Database Syst Rev."], "year": ["2014"], "volume": ["7"], "fp... | {
"acronym": [
"CPM",
"PT",
"ROM"
],
"definition": [
"continuous passive motion",
"physical therapy",
"range of motion"
]
} | 34 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | J Orthop Surg Res. 2024 Jan 13; 19:68 | oa_package/38/2a/PMC10787984.tar.gz |
PMC10787985 | 38218878 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Lung malignancy stands as the foremost contributor to sickness and demise linked to neoplasms. Non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common variant and exhibits a disheartening outlook; this is primarily due to the frequent occurrence of locally advanced or ... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Participants</title>",
"<p id=\"Par10\">Clinical records were collected from patients with advanced NSCLC with negative driver mutations at Hunan Cancer Hospital between July 2018 and March 2022. In the case of adenocarcinoma patients, it was recommended to utiliz... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Demographic information and therapeutic effect among patients</title>",
"<p id=\"Par17\">A total of 30 advanced NSCLC patients lacking driver mutations were enrolled in this study. Tables ##TAB##0##1## and ##TAB##1##2## present the demographic details of these patients. As outl... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par24\">For individuals diagnosed with advanced NSCLC lacking driver mutations, the administration of anlotinib in conjunction with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors is considered a viable alternative treatment choice for later stages of the disease, and it has demonstrated noteworthy th... | [
"<title>Conclusions and clinical perspective</title>",
"<p id=\"Par30\">The administration of anlotinib along with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has demonstrated promise as a viable tactic for managing individuals with advanced NSCLC lacking driver mutations. The plausible rationale behind this lies in the capacity of th... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Studies have shown that integrating anlotinib with programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors enhances survival rates among progressive non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients lacking driver mutations. However, not all individuals experi... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We would like to thank the Changsha SmallAnt Biotechnology Co., Ltd for providing the technical support.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>LL and YT conceived and designed the experiments. LL, SZ, HYY performed the experiments. LL, CHZ and YX analyzed th... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Lipidomic patterns in advanced NSCLC individuals pre and post administration of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors along with anlotinib. <bold>A </bold>The PLS-DA analysis was performed on advanced NSCLC patients in the PR group (<italic>n</italic> = 6). The non-treated PR grou... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Patients characteristics</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\"> Characteristic</th><th align=\"left\">ICIs plus anlotinib No (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">No of total patients</td><td align=... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12944_2023_1960_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12944_2023_1960_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12944_2023_1960_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12944_2023_1960_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12944_2023_1960_Fig5_... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12944_2023_1960_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1: Supplemental Fig. 1.</bold> The potential mechanism by which abnormal elevations of PG and PI hinder the beneficial effects of combining anlotinib with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for patients. During the analysis of Pearson corre... | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 39 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | Lipids Health Dis. 2024 Jan 13; 23:16 | oa_package/62/81/PMC10787985.tar.gz |
PMC10787986 | 38218888 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par8\">Medicinal plants refer to plants that have been recognized and utilized by people to treat human and animal diseases. Medicinal plants play a role in protecting the lives and health of ethnic groups living in the remote areas of developing countries [##REF##26762159##1... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Study area</title>",
"<p id=\"Par17\">The Yunlong County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, is located in the western part of Yunnan Province, in the longitudinal valley of the Lancang River at the southern end of the Hengduan Mountain, between 98°52′–99°46′ E and 25°28′–26°23′ N... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Informant characteristics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par24\">A total of 68 informants were interviewed, including 58 men (85.3%) and 10 women (14.7%). The informants ranged in age from 30 to 79 years, with most being older than 50 years (50%), and the average age was 52 years (Table ##... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<title>Characteristics of informants and their sources of traditional ethnoveterinary knowledge</title>",
"<p id=\"Par34\">Most local veterinarians and herbalists worked part-time, mainly in farming or other jobs, such as driver. They were localities with several years of experienc... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par53\">Traditional veterinary medicine is easy to master and perform and is inexpensive. It plays an important role in the development of local aquaculture and animal husbandry and is the first choice for the prevention and treatment of animal diseases in remote and poor are... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">The Bai people in Yunlong County, northwest Yunnan, China, have used medicinal plants and traditional remedies for ethnoveterinary practices. The Bai have mastered ethnoveterinary therapeutic methods in livestock breeding since ancient times. The Bai’s traditional ethn... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Thanks go to the local Bai people in Yunlong County, Yunnan Province, who provided valuable information about traditional ethnoveterinary knowledge. Dr. Qingsong Yang assisted with the identification of plant specimens. Members of the School of Ethnic Medicine at Yunnan Minz... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Tuanjie Township Biao Village Beef cattle Farm (<bold>A</bold>) and Miaowei Township breeding Farm (<bold>B</bold>), and two photographs were taken by Hongli Gao on August 9, 2021</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Location o... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Characteristics of informants</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Characteristics</th><th align=\"left\">Frequency</th><th align=\"left\">Percentage (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\" colspan=\... | [
"<disp-formula id=\"Equa\"><alternatives><tex-math id=\"M1\">\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsmath}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{wasysym} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsfonts} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amssymb} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsbsy}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{upgreek}\n\t... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13002_2023_633_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13002_2023_633_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13002_2023_633_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13002_2023_633_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13002_2023_633_Article_Eq... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"13002_2023_633_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1: Table S1.</bold> Plants and their used in ethnoveterinary medicine by Bai people.</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"label": ["3."], "surname": ["Burton", "Smith", "Falkenberg"], "given-names": ["A", "M", "T"], "article-title": ["Building WHO\u2019s global strategy for traditional medicine"], "source": ["Eur J Integr Med"], "year": ["2015"], "volume": ["7"], "issue": ["1"], "fpage": ["13"], "lpage": ["15"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/j.e... | {
"acronym": [
"FIC",
"URs",
"EMPs"
],
"definition": [
"The informant consensus factor",
"Use reports",
"Ethnoveterinary medicine plants"
]
} | 68 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2024 Jan 13; 20:9 | oa_package/6a/b8/PMC10787986.tar.gz |
PMC10787987 | 38218808 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a rare disease. A British study [##REF##21366637##1##] suggested that the incidence was 0.63/100,000/year. A study in Sweden [##REF##20298944##2##] based on autopsy reports showed that the incidence was 12.90/100,000/year. Despite its... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Case selection</title>",
"<p id=\"Par7\">Data from patients with AOMI admitted to the Beijing Tsinghua Changguang Hospital surgery emergency department or gastrointestinal surgery department from May 2016 to May 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. All diagnoses were confirmed b... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par19\">59 patients were enrolled in this study. 23 patients had EAMI, 11 patients had TAMI, and 25 patients had VAMI. The cases didn’t follow our treatment algorithm strictly. Among the 34 patients with EAMI or TAMI, 11 cases had no indications for intestinal necrosis. 1 case r... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par28\">AMI is a rare but lethal disease. The reported mortality within 30 postoperative days ranged from 8.9 to 73.5% during the past decade [##REF##33602217##5##, ##REF##32328096##8##–##REF##33083058##22##]. The incidence rate of complications ranged from 13.33–61.5% [##REF... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par35\">In our study, AOMI patients with a CKMB level of more than 2.22 ng/mL or a surgical time of more than 156 min are more likely to experience complications’(Clavien‒Dindo ≥ 2) occurrence within 6 months of the first admission.</p>"
] | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Acute mesenteric ischemia is a rare but lethal disease. Acute occlusive mesenteric ischemia consists of mesenteric artery embolism, mesenteric artery thrombosis, and mesenteric vein thrombosis. This study aimed to investigate the factors that may affect the outcome of ... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>The study design was contributed by PZ; data acquisition was performed by QZ, TM; statistical analysis was carried out by HZ,YL; manuscript writing was completed by QZ,TM, and PZ. The manuscript was reviewe... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Management algorithm. AOMI cases treatment algorithm</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>EAMI + TAMI cases management. Among the 34 patients with EAMI or TAMI, 11 cases had no indications for intestinal necrosis. 1 case refuse... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Comparison of characteristics and outcomes between the complication groups</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\"/><th align=\"left\">Normal group<break/><italic>n</italic> = 42</th><th align=\"left\">Complicatio... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn><fn><p>Qian Zhang and Tianyi Ma contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12893_2024_2310_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e357\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12893_2024_2310_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e391\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12893_2024_2310_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"d32e406\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12893_2024_2310_Fig5_HTML\" id=\"d32e1216\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1289... | [] | [{"label": ["10."], "mixed-citation": ["Miao SL, Ye XN, Lin TT, Qiu YH, Huang JY, Zheng XW, Chen FF. The psoas muscle density as a predictor of postoperative complications and 30-day mortality for acute mesenteric ischemia patients. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020."]}, {"label": ["16."], "mixed-citation": ["Wei Tang BJ, Kuang L... | {
"acronym": [
"AMI",
"AOMI",
"EAMI",
"TAMI",
"VAMI",
"NOMI",
"CTA",
"WBC",
"N%",
"L%",
"NLR",
"LDH",
"CKMB",
"CTNI",
"SBS",
"CRP",
"HGB",
"PLT",
"CK",
"MYO",
"LAC",
"PH",
"SMA",
"SMV",
"RDW",
"PDW"
],
"definit... | 35 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | BMC Surg. 2024 Jan 13; 24:21 | oa_package/f5/d2/PMC10787987.tar.gz |
PMC10787988 | 38218865 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par8\">Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a dental condition that affects young children worldwide. Untreated ECC causes dental pain, infections, nutritional impairments, developmental delays, reduced quality of life, and increased healthcare costs for individuals and societie... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par14\">We conducted this scoping review to explore the connections between ECC and the objectives of SDG8, which encompass economic growth and decent work. To ensure methodological rigor and transparency, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par19\">The initial search across three databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, using the predefined search terms resulted in a total of 761 articles. After removing duplicates and ineligible manuscripts, 84 unique articles remained for further screening. However, ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par20\">Recognizing the potential impact of socioeconomic development oral health is crucial, as it paves the way for a future where every child can access high-quality oral healthcare and enjoy a healthy and prosperous life. The SDG8 has the potential to contribute to global... | [] | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a prevalent chronic non-communicable disease that affects millions of young children globally, with profound implications for their well-being and oral health. This paper explores the associations between ECC and the targets of the Susta... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Authors’ contributions</title>",
"<p>M.O.F conceived the study. The Project was managed by M.O.F. Data curating was done by MET, RA, IA, and AN. Data analysis was conducted by MOF, RA and MET. MOF developed the first draft of the document. DD and IGS drew the conceptual framework. RA, AK, IGS, DD, IM, AN,... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>The conceptual framework of ECC and decent work and economic growth (SDG8) adaptation from Fisher-Owens Model [##REF##17766495##24##]</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Flow diagram based on the Preferred Reporting Items for ... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3766_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3766_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3766_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1: Appendix 1.</bold></p></caption></media>"
] | [{"label": ["3."], "collab": ["World Health organisation"], "source": ["Global oral health status report: towards universal health coverage for oral health by 2030"], "year": ["2022"], "publisher-loc": ["Geneva"], "publisher-name": ["World Health Organization"]}, {"label": ["4."], "mixed-citation": ["Institute for Heal... | {
"acronym": [
"ECC",
"PRISMA-ScR",
"SDG"
],
"definition": [
"Early Childhood Caries",
"Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines",
"Sustainable Development Goal"
]
} | 40 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | BMC Oral Health. 2024 Jan 13; 24:77 | oa_package/f7/3b/PMC10787988.tar.gz |
PMC10787989 | 38218823 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for around 15% of breast cancers. The prognosis of TNBC is unfavorable due to poor differentiation, strong invasion, and easy recurrence, resulting in 5-year survival less than 30% in metastatic stage [##REF##34451860##1##]... | [
"<title>Material and methods</title>",
"<title>Patient population</title>",
"<p id=\"Par8\">mTNBC patients treated with ICIs in affiliated hospitals of Anhui Medical University from 2018 to 2023 were collected and screened. They were administered with ICIs and/or chemotherapies. Tumor evaluation by CT (computed... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Patient characteristics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par13\">Among a total of 83 mTNBC patients, 50 cases were selected, which received at least two cycles of ICIs. The baseline features are listed in Table ##TAB##0##1##. The median age was 54 years old and over half (<italic>n</italic> ... | [
"<title>Discussions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par23\">In our study, absolute baseline lymphocyte enrichment improves the survival of mTNBC, which was further reflected even post one cycle of ICIs. In non-small cell lung cancer treated with ICIs, OS was prolonged with higher absolute baseline lymphocyte [##REF##31295966#... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par30\">Our data suggested that the baseline PBLC, NLR, MLR and absolute lymphocyte counts post ICIs clinically predict efficacies of anti-PD-1 antibodies in mTNBCs. HER-2 low expression and early ICI involvement also improve the survivals of mTNBCs. The access to whole bloo... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can improve survivals of metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC); however, we still seek circulating blood biomarkers to predict the efficacy of ICIs.</p>",
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par2\">In this... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>",
"<p>\n</p>",
"<p>\n</p>",
"<p>\n</p>",
"<p>\n</p>",
"<p>\n</p>",
"<p>\n</p>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to thank Cheng Zhou for his academic assistance.</p>",
"<title>Authors’ contributions</title>",
"<p>X.Y.L., M.Y. and Y.D. collected and interpreted the clinical data. Y.Y.Z, C.Z. and W.T.X. completed the statistical analysis. D.A.S.M. and J.L.A.R. ... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Kaplan-Meier survival curves for OS and PFS in mTNBC treated with ICIs. OS is plotted in (<bold>A</bold>, <bold>C</bold>, <bold>E</bold>, <bold>G</bold>, <bold>I</bold>) and PFS is plotted in (<bold>B</bold>, <bold>D</bold>, <bold>F</bold>, <bold>H</bold>, <bold>J)... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Baseline characteristics</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Patient Characteristics</th><th align=\"left\">Total (<italic>N</italic> = 50)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">Age, median(range)</td... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM3\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material ... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>1. Age, HER-2 expression, and number of treatment lines and liver metastases were adjusted in PBLC, MLR and PLR multivariable models. 2. Age, HER-2 expression, and treatment lines were adjusted in NLR multivariable model. 3. Age, HER-2 expression, and liver metastasis were adjusted in ICIs line... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2871_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e634\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2871_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e717\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2871_MOESM1_ESM.pptx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1.</bold> Forest plot of the prognostic effect of relevant variables on OS. HR are calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models and presented with 95% CIs. </p></caption></media>",
"<med... | [{"label": ["9."], "mixed-citation": ["China MoHotPsRo: Reference intervals for blood cell analysis.\u00a02012. "], "ext-link": ["http://www.nhc.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2013/01/20130109171100186.pdf"]}] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 28 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | BMC Womens Health. 2024 Jan 13; 24:38 | oa_package/77/03/PMC10787989.tar.gz |
PMC10787990 | 38218790 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par15\">Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide. Even though BC incidence is higher in high-income countries in comparison to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the majority of deaths actually occur in LMIC settings [##UREF##0##1##] T... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Design</title>",
"<p id=\"Par19\">An exploratory and descriptive qualitative study was conducted [##UREF##13##24##, ##UREF##14##25##] with <italic>Otomí</italic> women living in Jiquipilco, State of Mexico. The study received approval from the National Cancer Institute of Mexic... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par32\">Nineteen Otomí women participated in the study. To keep the confidentiality agreement we made with all of our participants, the names used in this paper are pseudonyms. Participant sociodemographic characteristics are shown in Table ##TAB##0##1##<bold>.</bold>\n</p>",
... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par109\">This is the first study to explore perceived barriers and facilitators to timely healthcare seeking and access for early diagnosis of BC among Otomí indigenous women in Mexico. The results reveal barriers and facilitators at different levels of the Social Ecological ... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par117\">This study identified barriers and facilitators for early diagnosis of BC as perceived by <italic>otomí</italic> indigenous women. Healthcare providers and policy makers should take notice of indigenous women’s beliefs, access barriers and healthcare discrimination ... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Literature on barriers and facilitators for early detection of Breast Cancer (BC) among indigenous women is very scarce. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators for BC early diagnosis as perceived by women of the <italic>otomí</italic> ethnic group in Me... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We want to thank the Center for the Development of the Indigenous People of the State of Mexico (CEDIPIEM) for their support in participant recruitment and provision of adequate spaces for the interviews. We are grateful to all the participants for allowing us to hear their ... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Conceptual framework that guided our Interview Analysis</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Perceived barriers and facilitators at different levels of the SEM</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Sociodemographic characteristics</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th colspan=\"2\">Characteristics</th><th>No.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Age <italic>(Mean, range)</italic></td><td><italic>37 (18–61)</ital... | [] | [] | [] | [
"<disp-quote><p id=\"Par36\"><italic>“…When we had the program, well, that program worked in conjunction with the health center, so the nurses gave us health talks and workshops and taught us how to examine ourselves. Yes, in fact that program was very good, because they also taught us things like healthy eating, h... | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>a</sup>1 minimum monthly salary ~ 207 USD as defined by the Mexican government in 2021</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p><... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2875_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2875_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "mixed-citation": ["Anderson BO, Ilbawi AM, Fidarova E, et al. The Global Breast Cancer Initiative: a strategic collaboration to strengthen health care for non-communicable diseases. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22(5):578\u201381. 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00071-1."]}, {"label": ["2."], "collab": ["Global Cancer O... | {
"acronym": [
"BC",
"LMICs",
"HICs",
"CEDIPIEM",
"SEM",
"HBM",
"HCQ",
"POP",
"MST",
"KUS"
],
"definition": [
"BC",
"Low- and middle-income countries",
"High-income countries",
"The State Council for the Integral Development of Indigenous People (for its acr... | 97 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | BMC Womens Health. 2024 Jan 13; 24:33 | oa_package/2a/43/PMC10787990.tar.gz |
PMC10787992 | 38218934 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par53\">Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) or Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), is the most common autoimmune orbital disease that affects 25–40% of patients with Graves’ disease and other thyroid disorders [##REF##34297684##1##, ##REF##2... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Patients and clinical evaluations</title>",
"<p id=\"Par57\">This manuscript adheres to STROBE guidelines. This retrospective study was approved by our Institutional Review Board (SH9H-2021-T246-2), and the requirement for informed consent was waived. Clinical and radiological ... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Clinical characteristics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par70\">Of the 127 enrolled patients, 56 were identified as responsive to IVGC treatment, whereas 71 patients were unresponsive. The clinical characteristics of both groups are presented in Table ##TAB##0##1##, showing no significant ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par76\">The preliminary application of radiomics analysis in orbital MRI offers a promising solution to the prediction of IVGC therapy response in TED. Nevertheless, radiomics is still underdeveloped in orbital diseases like TED with deficiency in methodology and practice. In... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par84\">The results of this study revealed that radiomics models based on the whole orbital structures can accurately predict the response to IVGC in TED patients with the highest AUC of 0·961. Therefore, the MRR model is a reliable and effective tool for outcome prediction.... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Radiomics analysis of orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows preliminary potential for intravenous glucocorticoid (IVGC) response prediction of thyroid eye disease (TED). The current region of interest segmentation contains only a single organ as extraocular mu... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We would like to express our gratitude to the technical professionals from Shanghai Medoo Tech Company. We also extend our gratitude to Ms. Qingwen Tang and Ms. Qi Zheng for their help in data collation.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>HYZ, HFZ, XQF, and... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Radiomics workflow</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Illustration of the two segmentation strategies on the T2WI. The MOS strategy for the construction of multiple SRR and MRR models is presented in plot <bold>a</bold>, and ... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Demographic and clinical characteristics of TED patients and controls</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Characteristics</th><th align=\"left\">Responsive</th><th align=\"left\">Unresponsive</th><th align=\"l... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Continuous variables are presented as the mean (± standard deviation) or as the median (interquartile range). Categorical variables are presented as the number (%) and counts</p><p>*P-value < 0.05</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Continuous variables are presented as the mean (... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12967_2023_4792_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12967_2023_4792_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12967_2023_4792_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12967_2023_4792_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12967_2023_4792_Fig5_... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12967_2023_4792_MOESM1_ESM.pdf\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1: </bold><bold>Fig. S1.</bold> The flowchart of patient enrollment and scheme for analysis. <bold>Fig. S2. </bold>Performances of SIR models using six machine learning algorithms in the test cohort were evaluated and compared t... | [{"label": ["4."], "collab": ["Oculoplastic and Orbital Disease Group of Chinese Ophthalmological Society of Chinese Medical Association"], "article-title": ["Thyroid group of Chinese society of endocrinology of chinese medical association"], "source": ["Trends Endocrinol Metab"], "year": ["2022"], "volume": ["58"], "i... | {
"acronym": [
"AUC",
"BCVA",
"CAS",
"DCA",
"DON",
"EOMs",
"ExtraTrees",
"FOS",
"FRR",
"GLCM",
"GLRLM",
"GLSZM",
"GO",
"ICC",
"IOP",
"IR",
"IVGC",
"LASSO",
"LG",
"LightGBM",
"LR",
"ML",
"MOS",
"MR",
"MRI",
"mRMR",
... | 36 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | J Transl Med. 2024 Jan 13; 22:56 | oa_package/47/2a/PMC10787992.tar.gz |
PMC10787993 | 0 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par17\">Breast fibroadenomas are common, benign fibro-epithelial lesions [##REF##29248888##1##], which are frequently encountered in adolescent girls and young women [##REF##14553851##2##–##UREF##1##4##]. About 10% of women have such symptoms in their lifetime, accounting for... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Image data set</title>",
"<p id=\"Par38\">The dataset consists of clinical breast ultrasound images, including both our local dataset and a supplementary one using publicly available sources. The local dataset was collected retrospectively at Suining Central Hospital in Sichuan... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par26\">We utilized both local and public datasets to validate the effectiveness of our proposed learning paradigm and conducted ablation experiments to explore its interpretability.</p>",
"<title>Performance assessment</title>",
"<p id=\"Par27\">Table ##TAB##0##1## lists th... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par33\">In this study, we present a novel approach to enhance the segmentation of breast fibroadenomas in sonography through the utilization of an artificial neural network with a human learning paradigm. Our method is inspired by the learning mechanisms of the human brain, a... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par37\">Although sonography is preferred in the diagnosis of breast masses, segmentation of the tumors in sonography is unsatisfactory because of the inherent limitations of this imaging modality, low image quality and the presence of artifacts (i.e., speckles and scattering)... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Breast fibroadenoma poses a significant health concern, particularly for young women. Computer-aided diagnosis has emerged as an effective and efficient method for the early and accurate detection of various solid tumors. Automatic segmentation of the breast fibroadeno... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to express their thanks to Dr. Cai Zhang and Miss Hong Liu for the collection of sonography and valuable discussion.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>YG and YZ were responsible for the conception of the work. MC, LY, HY, and HY acqu... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>A workflow that mimics the human learning paradigm, and the red curves at the information aggregation stage are the relationships between each slice</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Comparison of loss curves produced by the... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Comparison of the segmentation performances on the local dataset using the CNN–transformer hybrid network containing different modules with the best results in bold</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\" colspan=... | [
"<inline-formula id=\"IEq10\"><alternatives><tex-math id=\"M1\">\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsmath}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{wasysym} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsfonts} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amssymb} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsbsy}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{upgreek}\... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12938_2024_1198_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12938_2024_1198_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12938_2024_1198_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12938_2024_1198_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12938_2024_1198_Fig5_... | [] | [{"label": ["3."], "mixed-citation": ["Tan PH, Sahin AA. Atlas of differential diagnosis in breast pathology. Springer; 2017."]}, {"label": ["4."], "surname": ["Krishnamurthy", "Ashfaq", "Shin", "Sneige"], "given-names": ["S", "R", "HJC", "N"], "article-title": ["Distinction of phyllodes tumor from fibroadenoma: a reap... | {
"acronym": [
"DSC",
"HD",
"CNNs",
"BUS",
"NLP",
"C3",
"CSPNet",
"ECA",
"CBAM",
"DCE-MRI",
"MSA",
"MLP"
],
"definition": [
"Dice similarity coefficient",
"Hausdorff distance",
"Convolution neural networks",
"Breast ultrasound",
"Natural language... | 52 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | Biomed Eng Online. 2024 Jan 14; 23:5 | oa_package/e1/cc/PMC10787993.tar.gz |
PMC10787994 | 38218786 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">One of the most prevalent vector-borne infections is dengue fever with an estimated annual global burden of 390 million infections, of which 96 million present clinically [##REF##23563266##1##]. The disease is caused by dengue virus principally transmitted by <italic>A... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Dengue surveillance data</title>",
"<p id=\"Par11\">In this study, we analyzed dengue case data obtained from the routine surveillance system of the Bureau of Epidemiology, Thai Ministry of Public Health. The dataset consisted of reported cases from various healthcare facilitie... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par34\">The data employed to demonstrate anomaly detection consisted of weekly dengue incidence in Bangkok, the location with the highest annual incidence in the country. Results, averaged across study areas and detection thresholds, are presented in Table ##TAB##0##1##, detaili... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par40\">Efficient surveillance is paramount for early infectious disease outbreak detection, particularly for diseases like dengue with no effective vaccines or specific treatments. As vector control remains the primary intervention, timely outbreak detection is crucial. In t... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par47\">Effective disease surveillance systems are crucial for timely detection and control of health threats. However, reporting lags in infectious disease surveillance systems can hinder the prompt implementation of outbreak control measures. Existing methods for estimatin... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Dengue infection ranges from asymptomatic to severe and life-threatening, with no specific treatment available. Vector control is crucial for interrupting its transmission cycle. Accurate estimation of outbreak timing and location is essential for efficient resource al... | [
"<title>Electronic supplementary material</title>",
"<p>Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We would like to thank Nattwut Ekapirat and Naraporn Khuanyoung for assistance with the epidemiological data.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>All authors contributed to the conceptual design of the study. CR designed and developed the statistical methodo... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Flow chart of disease surveillance system with possible reporting delays in different parts of the system</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Plot of weekly dengue incidence in Bangkok, Thailand, 2010–2011. Grey lines represen... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Comparison of model-based cluster detection methods with and without nowcasting for reporting lags under evaluation metrics and likelihood assumptions. The bold numbers represent the highest value in each category</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=... | [
"<inline-formula id=\"IEq1\"><alternatives><tex-math id=\"M1\">\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsmath}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{wasysym} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsfonts} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amssymb} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsbsy}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{upgreek}\n... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12874_2024_2141_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e303\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12874_2024_2141_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e325\"/>",
"<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"12874_2024_2141_Article_IEq1.gif\"/>",
"<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"12874_2024_2141_Article_IEq2.gif\"/>",
"<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12874_2024_2141_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p>Supplementary Material 1</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"label": ["3."], "surname": ["Thawillarp", "Castillo-Salgado", "Lehmann"], "given-names": ["S", "C", "HP"], "article-title": ["Evaluation of early aberration reporting system for Dengue Outbreak Detection in Thailand"], "source": ["OSIR J"], "year": ["2018"], "volume": ["11"], "issue": ["4"], "fpage": ["1"], "lpage":... | {
"acronym": [
"DIC",
"EXC",
"CPO",
"PIT",
"WAIC",
"CrI",
"TP",
"TN",
"FP",
"FN",
"Se",
"Sp",
"PPV",
"NPV",
"Acc"
],
"definition": [
"Deviance Information Criterion",
"Exceedance probability",
"Conditional predictive ordinate",
"Probabili... | 41 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | BMC Med Res Methodol. 2024 Jan 13; 24:10 | oa_package/73/06/PMC10787994.tar.gz |
PMC10787995 | 38218801 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par7\">Prominent facial deformity, a prevalent malocclusion in orthodontic clinical practice, significantly impacts facial aesthetics. To enhance the lateral appearance in cases of dental or mild bony protrusions, optimal results can be achieved by extracting the first prem... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Acquisition of medical image data</title>",
"<p id=\"Par11\">A patient with permanent dentition and maxillary bone protrusion requiring extraction of the first premolar was selected from the Department of Orthodontics at Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chong... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Determining the center of resistance</title>",
"<p id=\"Par24\">The displacement distribution and crown-root displacement differences of the six anterior teeth were illustrated in Fig. ##FIG##1##2##. As the center of resistance (CR) vertical position approached, the sagittal cr... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par45\">In this study, we conducted numerical simulations to investigate the process of anterior retraction in different orthodontic designs and compared the biomechanical differences among various invisible orthodontic devices during anterior retraction. Additionally, we com... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par50\">After conducting preliminary research, we have arrived at the following conclusions:</p>",
"<p id=\"Par51\">\n<list list-type=\"order\"><list-item><p id=\"Par52\">The teeth movement pattern remained consistent across all five clear aligners, characterized by lingua... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative evaluation of different designs of clear aligners and examine the disparities between clear aligners and fixed appliances.</p>",
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par2\">3D digital models were created, consisting o... | [
"<title>Electronic supplementary material</title>",
"<p>Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We gratefully thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12072055, 11872135, U20A20390), Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (Grant No. L 212063) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the 111 Project (No. B 13003), CAMS Inn... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>3D finite element model design of anterior teeth retraction approach</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Design models for determining the center of resistance: (<bold>A</bold>) Boundary condition and force loading of retracti... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Material properties and element number</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Component</th><th align=\"left\">Young’s modulus (MPa)</th><th align=\"left\">Poisson’s ratio</th><th align=\"left\">Nodes</th><th ali... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn><fn><p>Qian Xia and Weixu Wang contributed equally to this work and shared first authorship.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3704_Figg_HTML\" id=\"d32e349\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3704_Figh_HTML\" id=\"d32e402\"/>",
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"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3704_Figa_HTML\" id=\"d32e683\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3704_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Supplementary Material 1: Additional file 1:</bold> Supplementary Figure 1. Different views of the Model C4: (A) Occlusal view of Model C4, red arrow represents the applied force loading (150 g) from hook to the 3D printed palatal plate. (B) P... | [{"label": ["6."], "surname": ["Li", "Song", "Xu"], "given-names": ["X", "Y", "B"], "article-title": ["The mechanical effects of traction direction on the clear aligner combined with implant anchorage for en-mass retraction of upper anterior teeth"], "source": ["Clin Stomatol"], "year": ["2022"], "volume": ["38"], "iss... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 62 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | BMC Oral Health. 2024 Jan 13; 24:80 | oa_package/ae/88/PMC10787995.tar.gz |
PMC10787996 | 38218890 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par42\">Tremor is characterized as an involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movement of a body part [##REF##29193359##1##], and it can manifest as a symptom of various neurological diseases, including essential tremor (ET), Parkinson’s disease (P... | [] | [] | [] | [
"<title>Conclusions: future avenues to assess intention tremor</title>",
"<p id=\"Par77\">Of all the collected studies, 52 (21% of the total) assessed intention tremor tasks. Furthermore, 37% of these studies [##UREF##11##36##, ##REF##14582776##37##, ##REF##32259798##56##, ##REF##17113154##65##, ##REF##29940199##... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Tremors are involuntary rhythmic movements commonly present in neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and multiple sclerosis. Intention tremor is a subtype associated with lesions in the cerebellum and its connected pathways, and it is a c... | [
"<title>Technologies for tremor assessment</title>",
"<p id=\"Par56\">The following sections will discuss the different assessment technologies and algorithms to quantify tremors. The studies in this section have been classified in detail according to sensor type, patient population, and tremor type in Additional... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We gratefully acknowledge the funding and support from the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS)—Technical University of Munich.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>NP was involved in the conception, organization, and execution of the research project and the d... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Rest tremors are evaluated using supported positions, postural tremors with no support, kinetic tremors through tasks such as writing, finger tapping (FT), and Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), and intention tremors using tasks such as finger to nose test (FTN) an... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Common neurological tests and tasks used in clinical practice to assess tremor</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\">Name</th><th align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\">Tremor type/function</th><th align=\"l... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM3\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material ... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><italic>FTMRS</italic> Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Scale, <italic>TETRAS</italic> Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale, <italic>UPDRS-III</italic> Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, Part III Motor Examination, <italic>SARA</italic> Scale for the Assessment and ... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12984_2023_1302_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12984_2023_1302_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12984_2023_1302_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12984_2023_1302_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1.</bold> Studies using tremor assessment technologies classified according to its type. This additional file is a table including all studies considered in this review. The table categorizes the studies into assessment type, n... | [{"label": ["5."], "surname": ["Labiano-Fontcuberta", "Benito-Le\u00f3n"], "given-names": ["A", "J"], "article-title": ["Understanding tremor in multiple sclerosis: prevalence, pathological anatomy, and pharmacological and surgical approaches to treatment"], "source": ["Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"], "year": ["2012"], ... | {
"acronym": [
"ET",
"PD",
"MS",
"HS",
"ADLs",
"FTMRS",
"TETRAS",
"SARA",
"FTN",
"ARAT",
"9HPT",
"BBT",
"FT",
"PRISMA",
"fMRI",
"MEG",
"FES",
"EMG",
"EEG",
"FFT",
"PSD",
"DWT",
"HHT",
"IMF",
"EMD",
"VPIT",
"pwM... | 276 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2024 Jan 13; 21:8 | oa_package/15/be/PMC10787996.tar.gz |
PMC10787997 | 38218880 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par21\">Tooth development is a time- and space-specific process including the initiation, bud, cap, and bell stages. In the past few decades, the molecular pathways and regulating mechanisms underlying tooth morphogenesis have been widely explored [##REF##24009032##1##]. In t... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Oligonucleotide transfection</title>",
"<p id=\"Par27\">HDPSCs were cultured as reported method [##REF##31387241##37##] and approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University (WCHSIRB-CT-2021-243). Hsa-miR-93-5p mimic (miR-10000... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>MicroRNA-93-5p downregulation is paralleled with KDM6B upregulation in tooth development and odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs</title>",
"<p id=\"Par38\">In our previous study [##REF##23226240##32##], the expression of miRNAs from human tooth germ in bell stages were analyze... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par44\">MicroRNAs play an important role in organ development and pathological changes, not only via directly targeting on gene mRNAs, but also via their complicate interactions with other epigenetic factors. Some miRNAs work as epi-miRNAs to create controlled feedbacks by in... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par51\">MiR-93-5p can target KDM6B and regulate H3K27me3 marks in the promoter region of <italic>BMP2</italic>, thus modulating the odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs and the formation of tertiary dentin. Our findings may not only advance our knowledge on the epigenetic... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Epigenetic factors influence the odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and play indispensable roles during tooth development. Some microRNAs can epigenetically regulate other epigenetic factors like DNA methyltransferases and histone modification enzyme... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>YZ and SW contributed to conception and design, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, drafted and critically revised the manuscript. SG and SH contributed to data acquisition and analysis. MW, X... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>The expression pattern of miR-93-5p and KDM6B in tooth development and odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. <bold>A</bold> Dental papilla and enamel organ tissues of the first molar of mouse dissected under transmitted light microscope. <bold>B</bold>, <bold>C</b... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>The primer sequences for qRT-PCR of mice tooth tissues</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Primers</th><th align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\">Sequences</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"><i... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12967_2024_4862_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12967_2024_4862_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12967_2024_4862_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12967_2024_4862_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12967_2024_4862_Fig5_... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12967_2024_4862_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1: Figure S1.</bold> MiR-93-5p is downregulated in bell stage of human tooth germ and predicted to target on 3′UTR of KDM6B. (<bold>A</bold>) Heatmap of differentially expressed miRNAs during bell stage of human tooth germ (<it... | [] | {
"acronym": [
"miRNAs",
"KDM6B",
"H3K27me3",
"DPSCs",
"hDPSCs",
"3′ UTR",
"BMP",
"ALP",
"ARS",
"OSX",
"Col-1α",
"OCN",
"qRT-PCR",
"ChIP",
"AAV",
"FITC"
],
"definition": [
"MicroRNAs",
"Lysine-specific demethylase 6B",
"Lysine 27 trimethy... | 58 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | J Transl Med. 2024 Jan 13; 22:54 | oa_package/26/21/PMC10787997.tar.gz |
PMC10787998 | 38218764 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par4\">Uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is a rare and very aggressive mesenchymal tumour with poor 5-year survival rates, accounting for 1.3% of all uterine malignancies [##UREF##0##1##]. ULMS metastasizes most frequently to the lung, peritoneum, bone, and liver [##UREF##1##2##]... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par10\">ULMS metastases to the heart are very rare and require thorough deliberation of medical treatment. Even though ULMS metastases are related to the advanced stages of the disease, [##UREF##1##2##] our case showed that after adequate treatment in the early stages, late U... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par12\">Notwithstanding the ULMS by itself and ULMS metastases to the heart, especially to the visceral layer of the pericardium, are very rare, there is a certain possibility for such an appearance. Our case demonstrated that strict surveillance of patients with ULMS even af... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Uterine leiomyosarcoma is a rare and aggressive tumour with a poor prognosis. Its metastases to the heart are even rarer, especially to the epicardium. The majority of reported cardiac metastases of uterine leiomyosarcoma were in the cardiac chambers or intramyocardial... | [] | [
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>The authors that contributed significantly to the conception and design of the manuscript are K.K., A.L., and I.S. Authors that contributed significantly to the analysis and interpretation of data are K.K., A.L., V.R.L., D.M., I.I., L.S., Z.S.D., H.G., B.B. and I.S. Auth... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>MRI of the suspected cardiac metastasis of the ULMS. <bold>a</bold>) A cardiac MRI shows an intrapericardial tumour (white arrow) adjacent to the apex of the left ventricle. LV—left ventricle; RV—right ventricle. <bold>b</bold>) Coronary artery angiography shows tu... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2023_3689_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e301\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2023_3689_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e331\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "mixed-citation": ["Tirumani SH, Ojili V, Shanbhogue AKP, Fasih N, Ryan JG, Reinhold C. Current concepts in the imaging of uterine sarcoma. Abdom Imaging. 2013;38. 10.1007/s00261-012-9919-x."]}, {"label": ["2."], "mixed-citation": ["Tirumani SH, Deaver P, Shinagare AB, Tirumani H, Hornick JL, George ... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 13 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2024 Jan 13; 24:49 | oa_package/51/92/PMC10787998.tar.gz |
PMC10787999 | 38218782 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Although cervical cancer is largely preventable through effective screening and vaccination for human papillomavirus (HPV), it still remains a major public health burden in much of the world [##UREF##0##1##]. Approximately 90% of cervical cancer incidence and mortali... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">This study was part of a two-phase cluster-randomized trial evaluating community-based cervical cancer prevention strategies using HPV self-sampling in Migori County, Kenya (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov</ext-l... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Focus groups</title>",
"<title>What FGD participants liked and disliked about results notification via text messaging</title>",
"<p id=\"Par19\">Participants highlighted several key benefits of receiving their results via text, including convenience, privacy, and control over... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par31\">We sought to develop an enhanced text messaging strategy to increase completion of the cervical cancer screening cascade in a community-based HPV screening program in partnership with women in western Kenya. We found that, although providing women various options for ... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par37\">In this cohort of women undergoing community-based HPV testing, over three quarters of the participants preferred a cell phone-based strategy (phone call or text messaging) for results delivery. There was no difference in treatment uptake rates between standard and en... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Mobile health (mHealth) has become an increasingly popular strategy to improve healthcare delivery and health outcomes. Communicating results and health education via text may facilitate program planning and promote better engagement in care for women undergoing human ... | [] | [
"<p>We would like to thank the participants as well as the research assistants and health care providers for their support of and contributions to this study.</p>",
"<title>Authors’ contributions</title>",
"<p>All authors (YC, SI, LP, EAB, and MJH) were involved in the preparation, review, and editing of the fi... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Flowchart of the results notification strategies</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p> Examples of the standard and enhanced texts</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th>Standard text</th><th>Enhanced text</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><p><bold>Post-screening text</bold></p><p>N/A</p></td><td><p><bold>Post-scr... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2842_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "mixed-citation": ["Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention Vital Signs. Cervical Cancer is Preventable 2014 [updated March 16, 2020]. Available from: "], "ext-link": ["https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/cervical-cancer/index.html"]}, {"label": ["3."], "mixed-citation": ["National Cervical Cancer Pre... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 35 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | BMC Womens Health. 2024 Jan 13; 24:32 | oa_package/e4/fc/PMC10787999.tar.gz |
PMC10788000 | 38218833 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, most commonly in the pelvic cavity [##REF##29276652##1##]. It affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age and is associated with ... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par8\">The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was followed for conducting the present study. More details about PRISMA can be found in Supplementary File Table ##TAB##0##1##. The protocol of this study is registered in PROSPERO... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Study selection</title>",
"<p id=\"Par14\">A systematic search of electronic databases yielded a total of 192 articles. After removing duplicates and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria which was done by two reviewers (A.S & S.R), a final set of 12 articles were i... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par25\">The result of the present systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that BDNF levels significantly increase in patients diagnosed with endometriosis compared to healthy controls. The result of the sensitive analysis showed a significant increase in BDNF levels in ... | [] | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">The existing literature on the association between BDNF protein levels and endometriosis presents inconsistent findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to synthesize the available evidence and evaluate the possible relationship between BDNF protein levels... | [
"<title>Electronic supplementary material</title>",
"<p>Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to acknowledge the Clinical Research Development Unit of Imam Ali Hospital, Karaj, Iran.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p><bold>A.S., S.P, R.B:</bold> Conceptualization, Project Administration, Data curation, Writing- Original Draft... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>PRISMA flow diagram</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Results of meta-analysis for the level of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels in patients with endometriosis</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig3\"><label>... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Characteristics of the included studies</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Author</th><th align=\"left\">Country</th><th align=\"left\">Year</th><th align=\"left\">Endometriosis<break/>type</th><th align=\"le... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2877_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e693\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2877_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e1051\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2877_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"d32e1071\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2877_Fig5_HTML\" id=\"d32e1091\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2877_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p>Supplementary Material 1</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"label": ["2."], "mixed-citation": ["Anastasiu CV et al. "], "italic": ["Biomarkers for the Noninvasive diagnosis of endometriosis: state of the art and future perspectives"]}, {"label": ["4."], "mixed-citation": ["Garraway SM, Huie JR. "], "italic": ["Spinal Plasticity and Behavior: BDNF-Induced Neuromodulation in U... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 22 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | BMC Womens Health. 2024 Jan 13; 24:39 | oa_package/87/4c/PMC10788000.tar.gz |
PMC10788001 | 38218894 | [
"<title>Introduction\n</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">As the world’s second-largest economy, China is also grappling with the intricate challenge of rapid ageing [##REF##34727357##1##]. According to a recent national survey (2020) based on the scale assessment for activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental act... | [
"<title>Methods\n</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">In this study, an exploratory sequential mixed method (Fig. ##FIG##0##1##) was used to answer the research questions. There were no similar instruments or pre-existing questionnaires available to measure the expectations and acceptability towards SNHs. Hence, a newly de... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Questionnaire development and validation</title>",
"<p id=\"Par22\">The initial version of the questionnaire was crafted by synthesising qualitative data obtained from a scoping review and qualitative case study using both deductive and inductive analysis approaches, incorporat... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par35\">This is the first study in which an instrument was developed to assess the expectations and acceptability of SNHs among mainland Chinese older adults, both in general and in particular. It aims to examine their levels of expectations and acceptability towards SNHs, as... | [
"<title>Conclusion\n</title>",
"<p id=\"Par44\">The significance of this study lies in the exploration of the expectations and acceptability of SNHs among Chinese older adults, through both qualitative and quantitative evidence leading to the 24-item EASNH-Q that demonstrated commendable validity, reliability, an... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Smart nursing homes (SNHs) integrate advanced technologies, including IoT, digital health, big data, AI, and cloud computing to optimise remote clinical services, monitor abnormal events, enhance decision-making, and support daily activities for older residents, ensuri... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>",
"<p>\n</p>",
"<p>\n</p>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable.</p>",
"<title>Authors’ contributions</title>",
"<p>ZYY formulated and assumed overall responsibility for the study’s conduct. FKR, SGS and BHC participated in the research’s design phase. SJ engaged in both qualitative data collection and statistical anal... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Exploratory sequential mixed methods study design</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>The coping process of Chinese older adults towards smart solutions in nursing homes</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig3\"><label>Fig. 3<... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Results from confirmatory factor analyses</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Domains</th><th align=\"left\">Model 1</th><th align=\"left\">Χ<sup>2</sup>\n</th><th align=\"left\">Df<sup>b</sup>\n</th><th align... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM3\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material ... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>\n<sup>a</sup>*<italic>p</italic> < 0.05., Χ<sup>2</sup> = Chi squared\n</p><p>\n<sup>b</sup>\n<italic>Df </italic>Degrees of freedom\n</p><p>\n<sup>c</sup>\n<italic>CMIN/DF </italic>Discrepancy divided by degree of freedom\n</p><p>\n<sup>d</sup>\n<italic>CFI </italic>Comparative Fit Index\n... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12912_2023_1676_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e407\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12912_2023_1676_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e432\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12912_2023_1676_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e762\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12912_2023_1676_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1.</bold> The Checklist of Guidelines for Conducting and Reporting Mixed Research for Counselor Researchers.</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12912_2023_1676_MOESM2_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 2.<... | [{"label": ["3."], "surname": ["Alpermann", "Zhan"], "given-names": ["B", "S"], "article-title": ["Population planning after the one-child policy: shifting modes of political steering in China"], "source": ["J Contemp China"], "year": ["2019"], "volume": ["28"], "issue": ["117"], "fpage": ["348"], "lpage": ["66"], "pub... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 59 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | BMC Nurs. 2024 Jan 13; 23:40 | oa_package/09/5d/PMC10788001.tar.gz |
PMC10788002 | 38218980 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par12\">Drug overdose has been the leading cause of injury death in the USA over the past decade [##REF##35853029##1##], inflicting a devastating toll on families and communities across the country. The overdose epidemic, a public health crisis, has claimed the lives of rough... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par18\">As a group of public health researchers, analytical chemists, evaluators, and harm reductionists, we used a semi-structured guide to facilitate discussion on key priorities for drug checking services, considering implementation, data, and public health significance. Four... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par40\">Drug checking services are potentially life-saving interventions, promoting agency among PWUD to mitigate risks in an unpredictable environment. Augmenting existing drug checking programs to facilitate supply-level monitoring has the potential to detect emerging thre... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Shifts in the US drug supply, including the proliferation of synthetic opioids and emergence of xylazine, have contributed to the worsening toll of the overdose epidemic. Drug checking services offer a critical intervention to promote agency among people who use drugs ... | [
"<title>Overview of low-barrier methodologies</title>",
"<p id=\"Par19\">Drug checking devices, such as the TruNarc Raman spectrometer and Bruker Alpha FTIR [##REF##31951925##26##], provide detailed information for PWUD, but widespread implementation is constrained by legal complexities as well as additional cost... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors extend their thanks and appreciation to James Decker, Gary Bright, Sharona Bishop, and Brittney Nye from Hancock Public Health (Findlay, OH) for their thoughtful review and comments on this project.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>KJM contrib... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Summary of four low-barrier methods for drug checking services discussed for implementation in SSPs</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Three FTS (two lots manufactured by BTNX, one lot manufactured by DanceSafe) were run foll... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12954_2023_924_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12954_2023_924_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12954_2023_924_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["4."], "surname": ["Tanz", "Dinwiddie", "Mattson", "O\u2019Donnell", "Davis"], "given-names": ["LJ", "AT", "CL", "J", "NL"], "article-title": ["Drug overdose deaths among persons aged 10\u201319 years\u2014United States, July 2019\u2013December 2021"], "source": ["Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"], "year": ["2022"], "... | {
"acronym": [
"FTS",
"FTIR",
"idPAD",
"LC–MS/MS",
"PHVM",
"PWUD",
"SSP"
],
"definition": [
"Fentanyl test strips",
"Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy",
"Illicit drug paper analytical device",
"Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry",
"Public he... | 61 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | Harm Reduct J. 2024 Jan 13; 21:11 | oa_package/3f/d6/PMC10788002.tar.gz |
PMC10788003 | 38218768 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses various types of myocardial ischaemia, including ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI and unstable angina pectoris (UAP). The condition is primarily caused by the destabilisation of coronary atheroscl... | [
"<title>Method and materials</title>",
"<title>Study design and participants</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">This observational study involved the enrolment of 216 patients who were admitted and underwent CAG for suspected CAD between July 2021 and May 2022 at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China. T... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Demographic, clinical and laboratory findings</title>",
"<p id=\"Par18\">Table ##TAB##0##1## presents the demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of all participants included in the study. Out of the total of 216 participants, 138 were diagnosed with ACS, while the... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par30\">Due to the multifaceted nature of the underlying aetiology and mechanisms of ACS, relying on a single biomarker for accurate prediction is unlikely. Therefore, the development of a multi-marker model is crucial to enhance the prediction of ACS occurrence. In this stud... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par36\">In conclusion, ceramide (d18:1/16:0) plays an essential role in predicting ACS. In addition, this study’s results support the idea that the simultaneous measurement of traditional risk factors, IL-6 and ceramide (d18:1/16:0) can improve the diagnostic accuracy of ACS.... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">There is a growing body of evidence supporting the significant involvement of both ceramides and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the occurrence and progression of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).</p>",
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par2\">This study encompassed 21... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>LHQ and GBY conceived of the study, and LFJ, ZL and LL participated in its design and data analysis and statistics. All authors helped to draft the manuscript, read and approved the final manuscript.</p>",
... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Flow chart. ACS, acute coronary syndrome; AMI,acute myocardial infarction</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>The ROC of the four diagnostic models</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Demographic, clinical and laboratory findings of all the included patients</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Clinical characteristics</th><th align=\"left\">total(n = 216)</th><th align=\"left\">ACS (n = 138... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Continuous variables are presented as mean value ± 1 SD, whereas categorical variables are presented as absolute and relative frequencies</p><p>ACS, acute coronary syndrome; STEMI, ST-elevated myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non ST-elevated myocardial infarction; UAP, unstable angina pectoris; D... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2023_3690_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e315\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2023_3690_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e1435\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["4."], "surname": ["Basiak", "Kosowski", "Hachula", "Okopien"], "given-names": ["M", "M", "M", "B"], "article-title": ["Plasma concentrations of cytokines in patients with combined hyperlipidemia and atherosclerotic plaque before treatment Initiation-A pilot study"], "source": ["Med (Kaunas)"], "year": ["20... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 41 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2024 Jan 13; 24:47 | oa_package/ad/d7/PMC10788003.tar.gz |
PMC10788004 | 38218832 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par8\">Thyroid cancer accounts for about 1% of all malignant tumors in humans and around 33% of head and neck malignant tumors [##UREF##0##1##]. Furthermore, Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) accounts for approximately 80–90% of thyroid malignant tumors. The global incidenc... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>General information</title>",
"<p id=\"Par10\">The Medical Ethics Committee of Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital approved our research plan. Our hospital admitted 2709 thyroid malignant tumor patients from January 2016 to December 2020. Among t... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Univariate analysis of factors related to CLNM</title>",
"<p id=\"Par23\">Univariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between CLNM and gender, age, lesion size, and multifocal characteristics in PTC patients (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05).</p>",
"<title>Multivariat... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par31\">According to research, PTC, the most common type of thyroid cancer, has an excellent 10-year Survival Rate (SR) of over 90% [##REF##25214837##6##]. Nonetheless, LNM occurs in 20–90% of PTC cases and is generally considered the primary cause of PTC local recurrence. It... | [] | [
"<title>Objective</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">This study aims to identify and analyze the risk factors associated with Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis (CNM) in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) patients.</p>",
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par100\">We conducted a retrospective study involving the clinicopat... | [
"<title>Summary</title>",
"<p id=\"Par36\">Our study findings can be summarized in five key points. First, male patients, patients aged ≤ 30 years, and those with a tumor lesion size > 0.855 cm should undergo preventive CLND. Second, LLNM presence should be confirmed through color ultrasound examination and fi... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>ML designed and directed the study. XW and XZ collected all the clinicopathological data. HS was responsible for the statistical analysis and wrote the manuscript. ML and JM onfirmed the authenticity of all... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>ROC curve analysis predicts CLNM based on tumor lesion size. The ROC results show that 0.855 is the critical tumor lesion size value and the best point for predicting CLNM. The sensitivity, specificity, AUC, and 95%CI at this value are 57.9%, 69%, 0.269, and 0.639–... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Univariate analysis of CLNM in 2384 PTC patients who underwent CLND [n (%)]</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\" colspan=\"2\">Influencing factor</th><th align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\">Number</th><t... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13000_2024_1440_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e1181\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "mixed-citation": ["Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A, Cancer Statistics. 2021. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(1):7\u201333."]}, {"label": ["15."], "surname": ["Liu", "Cheng", "Su"], "given-names": ["W", "R", "Y"], "article-title": ["Risk factors of central lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 25 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | Diagn Pathol. 2024 Jan 13; 19:13 | oa_package/a5/cf/PMC10788004.tar.gz |
PMC10788005 | 38218879 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Monitoring athletes has become an important and present part of sport preparation. The scientific study of quantifying athletes' training began in the early 1990s with the four methods that were most used at the time: retrospective questionnaires, diaries, physiologica... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Registration and protocol</title>",
"<p id=\"Par10\">This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 [##REF##33782057##22##]. The study protocol was registered wi... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Study selection</title>",
"<p id=\"Par18\">The electronic search yielded 2535 articles (PsycINFO = 121, PubMed = 411, SPORTDiscus = 661, Scopus = 731, Web of Science = 611). A total of 868 duplicate records were removed, and a further 1570 irrelevant articles were excluded base... | [
"<title>Discussions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par28\">Literature that has evaluated the effect of all monitoring strategies (i.e., training stress, fitness and fatigue, and well-being) during volleyball training and/or competition is limited. Besides, there is a small number of studies describing the external training l... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par46\">Within the context of team sport athletes, such as volleyball, coaches should use a mixed-methods approach when monitoring these athletes. No single measure can determine how a player is fully coping with the demands of training and matches. Therefore, practitioners ... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Volleyball, with its unique calendar structure, presents distinct challenges in training and competition scheduling. Like many team sports, volleyball features an unconventional schedule with brief off-season and pre-season phases, juxtaposed against an extensive in-se... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable</p>",
"<title>Authors’ contributions</title>",
"<p>A.R., J.R.P., P.C., and J.V-d-S. conceptualized the systematic review. A.R., J.R.P., P.C., M.J.C-e-S., and J.V-d-S. performed the selection of the eligible studies. A.R. extracted data, synthesized the dat... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig.1</label><caption><p>PRISMA flow diagram</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig.2</label><caption><p>General recommendations for assessing the training load, neuromuscular fatigue, and well-being of volleyball players</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Search strategy</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Variable</th><th align=\"left\">Search terms</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">Training load</td><td align=\"left\">AB OR SU (“training load” OR... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><italic>AB</italic> abstract, <italic>SU</italic> subject, * truncation, “” phrase search</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p><italic>F</italic> female, <italic>M</italic> male, <italic>NR</italic> not reported, <italic>G1</italic> group 1, <italic>G2</italic> group 2</p></table-wra... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13102_2024_807_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13102_2024_807_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"13102_2024_807_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file1: Table S1.</bold> PRISMA 2020 Checklist. <bold>Table S2.</bold> Definition of types of monitoring interventions. <bold>Table S3.</bold> Questions from the modified Downs and Black checklist used to evaluate methodological quali... | [{"label": ["2."], "surname": ["Halson"], "given-names": ["SL"], "article-title": ["Monitoring Training Load to Understand Fatigue in Athletes"], "source": ["Sports Med"], "year": ["2014"], "volume": ["44"], "issue": ["2"], "fpage": ["139"], "lpage": ["147"], "pub-id": ["10.1007/s40279-014-0253-z"]}, {"label": ["12."],... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 93 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2024 Jan 13; 16:17 | oa_package/84/3c/PMC10788005.tar.gz |
PMC10788006 | 0 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bio-based polymeric materials that show high biodegradability not only in soil but also in the marine environments, and produced from renewable resources; making them promising materials that contribute to achieving Sustainabl... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Bacterial strains and plasmids</title>",
"<p id=\"Par26\">The bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study are listed in Table ##TAB##0##1##. <italic>R. eutropha</italic> strains were cultivated at 30 °C in a nutrient-rich (NR) medium containing 10 g of bonit... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Unusual P(3HB-<italic>co</italic>-3HHx) biosynthesis profile of <italic>R. eutropha</italic> under low-aerobic condition</title>",
"<p id=\"Par10\">Among the three PhaB paralogs in <italic>R. eutropha</italic> H16 [##REF##16964242##18##], it has been reported that the highly-ex... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par21\">This study demonstrated that a low-aerobic or microaerobic condition with slow-shaking of the media promoted PHA biosynthesis in <italic>R. eutropha</italic> regardless nitrogen limitation, and moreover led to conditional activation of native reverse <italic>β</italic... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par25\">Usual bioprocesses using aerobic microbes highly demand oxygen with low solubility in the aqueous media to support efficient cell growth and bioconversion, thus high transfer coefficient of oxygen is achieved by vigorous aeration and/or agitation requiring much energ... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\"><italic>Ralstonia eutropha</italic> H16, a facultative chemolitoautotroph, is an important workhorse for bioindustrial production of useful compounds such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Despite the extensive studies to date, some of its physiological properties remai... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>KH thanks Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) for Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research in Japan. The authors thank Biomaterials Analysis Division, Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology for DNA sequencing. We are also grateful to our colleagues, Mari ... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p><bold>A</bold> Production of P(3HB-<italic>co</italic>-3HHx) from 1% (w/v) glucose by <italic>R. eutropha</italic> strains under aerobic (120 strokes/min) and low-shaking (60 strokes/min) conditions for 120 h. <bold>B</bold> The final cell growth [RCW (residual cel... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Strains and plasmids used in this study</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Strains/plasmids</th><th align=\"left\">Description/genotype</th><th align=\"left\">References</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>The postfix <italic>del</italic> indicates constructs for targeted gene deletion. <italic>Ac</italic>, <italic>Aeromonas caviae</italic>; <italic>Me</italic>, <italic>Methylorubrum extorquen</italic>s; <italic>Mm</italic>, <italic>Mus musculus</italic>. <italic>phaC</italic><sub>NSDG</sub>, a g... | [
"<graphic position=\"anchor\" xlink:href=\"12934_2024_2294_Figa_HTML\" id=\"MO6\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12934_2024_2294_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12934_2024_2294_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12934_2024_2294_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12934_2024_2294_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1: Table S1.</bold> Progress on P(3HB-<italic>co</italic>-3HHx) production from structurally unrelated carbon sources by recombinant bacteria. <bold>Table S2.</bold> Genes involved in this study. <bold>Table S3.</bold> Sequence... | [{"label": ["1."], "surname": ["Miyahara", "Hiroe", "Sato", "Tsuge", "Taguchi", "Rehm", "Moradali"], "given-names": ["Y", "A", "S", "T", "S", "B", "MF"], "article-title": ["Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): from synthetic biology to industrialization"], "source": ["Biopolymers for biomedical and biotechnological ... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 38 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | Microb Cell Fact. 2024 Jan 14; 23:21 | oa_package/be/51/PMC10788006.tar.gz |
PMC10788007 | 38218781 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Uncertainty is a significant phenomenon in the illness experience of persons with an oncological disease during their illness trajectory [##REF##31617448##1##]. It is not only limited to the phase of diagnosis and treatment, the experience of uncertainty can persist wh... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">We aimed to explore the development of uncertainty experience in women with vulvar neoplasia over time and to discuss the significance of the results for Mishel’s RUIT [##REF##2292449##24##].</p>",
"<title>Design</title>",
"<p id=\"Par10\">We conducted a longitudinal ... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par18\">We conducted 30 interviews between November 2019 and November 2021. Each of the seven participants completed three to five interviews. Four of seven participants completed all five interviews. One participant passed away during the study period due to a postsurgical blee... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par55\">This longitudinal qualitative study explored how the uncertainty experience developed in women with vulvar neoplasia over the course of one year. The findings were not only of phenomenological interest, but also of theoretical as the study was conducted with sensitivi... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par60\">The findings provide health care practitioners, especially in the field of psycho-oncology with a deeper understanding of the development of uncertainty experience in the disease trajectory of women with vulvar neoplasia. Our results may inform practice, in particula... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Women with vulvar neoplasia continue to experience uncertainty up to six months post-surgery. Uncertainty in illness is considered a significant psychosocial stressor, that negatively influences symptom distress, self-management strategies and quality of life. Accordin... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Many thanks to all participants for their openness to share their experiences and the recruiting nurses for their support.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection a... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Development of uncertainty experience in women with vulvar neoplasia</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Characteristics of the participants</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\"># Participant</th><th align=\"left\">Nationality</th><th align=\"left\">Age in years</th><th align=\"left\">Diagnosis</th><th align=\"lef... | [] | [] | [] | [
"<disp-quote><p id=\"Par25\"><italic>“On this ward where everyone was practically running around from dying of cancer. That was simply a catastrophe for me. I generally don’t want anyone to end up like that, but I certainly don’t want to”</italic> (Interview 1, Participant 3).</p></disp-quote>",
"<disp-quote><p i... | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Abbreviations: VIN = Vulvar intraepithelial Neoplasia, VC = Vulvar Cancer</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2024_2889_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e603\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["8."], "mixed-citation": ["Mishel MH, Hostetter T, King B, Graham V. Predictors of psychosocial adjustment in patients newly diagnosed with gynecological cancer. Cancer Nurs. 1984;7(4)."]}, {"label": ["13."], "mixed-citation": ["Bornstein J. Vulvar Disease. Breaking the myths. Springer; 2019."]}, {"label": ... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 58 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:47 | BMC Womens Health. 2024 Jan 13; 24:35 | oa_package/80/bb/PMC10788007.tar.gz |
PMC10788008 | 38218855 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par10\">Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in adolescents [##REF##29979330##1##, ##REF##20943636##2##]. The malignancy of OS is high, and most patients develop lung metastasis within one year, so the prognosis is poor [##REF##29065898##3##, ##REF##32373... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Samples collection</title>",
"<p id=\"Par13\">The OS tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 33 OS patients at The Third Hospital of Mianyang and stored at -80 °C. Written informed consent was signed from each patient, and our research was ap... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Circ_0000376 expression was increased in OS patients and cells</title>",
"<p id=\"Par26\">Figure ##FIG##0##1##A exhibited 10 differentially expressed circRNAs in OS tumor tissues and normal tissues in GEO database (accession: GSE96964), among which circ_0000376 (chip: hsa_circR... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par33\">Circ_0000376 acts as an oncogenic gene in many tumors. For example, circ_0000376 was considered to be a tumor promoter in lung cancer, which enhanced lung cancer proliferation, glycolysis and metastasis through miRNA/mRNA network [##REF##32716343##18##–##REF##32922073... | [] | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Many studies have confirmed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) mediate the malignant progression of various tumors including osteosarcoma (OS). Our study is to uncover novel molecular mechanisms by which circ_0000376 regulates OS progression.</p>",
"<title>Methods</title>... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable.</p>",
"<title>Authors’ contribution</title>",
"<p>All authors made substantial contribution to conception and design, acquisition of the data, or analysis and interpretation of the data; take part in drafting the article or revising it critically for impo... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Circ_0000376 expression in OS patients and cells. <bold>A</bold> Heat map showed differentially expressed circRNA in OS tumor tissues and normal tissues in GSE96964. <bold>B</bold> Circ_0000376 expression in 33 paired OS tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues wa... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Primer sequences used for qRT-PCR</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Name</th><th align=\"left\"/><th align=\"left\">Primers (5′-3′)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">circ_0000376</td><td align=\... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM3\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material ... | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic position=\"anchor\" xlink:href=\"13018_2023_4520_Figa_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13018_2023_4520_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13018_2023_4520_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13018_2023_4520_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"13018_2023_4520_MOESM1_ESM.tif\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1: Fig. S1.</bold> Effect of si-circ_0000376 on ECAR and OCR of OS cells. were transfected with si-NC and si-circ_0000376. An XF96 extracellular flux analyzer was employed to analyze the ECAR (A) and OCR (B) of MG63 cells.</p></... | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 42 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | J Orthop Surg Res. 2024 Jan 13; 19:67 | oa_package/d4/55/PMC10788008.tar.gz |
PMC10788009 | 38218909 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Primary liver cancer stands as a pervasive and lethal malignancy worldwide, posing grave threats to human life and health [##REF##30207593##1##, ##REF##16250051##2##]. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for approximately 75–85% of primary liver cancers [##REF##354... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Data acquisition and determination of prognostic DRLs</title>",
"<p id=\"Par11\">The RNA sequencing transcriptome data and clinical information of patients with HCC were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https://... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Identification of DRLs in HCC patients</title>",
"<p id=\"Par38\">A comprehensive flow diagram is depicted in Fig. ##FIG##0##1##. Initially, we gathered a total of 16,876 lncRNAs from the TCGA database’s HCC project and acquired 10 DRGs from previously published studies. Next, ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par76\">As the predominant form of primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) significantly jeopardizes the well-being and survival of afflicted individuals due to its elevated morbidity and mortality rates [##REF##35459272##6##]. Recent years have witnessed substan... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par85\">Conclusively, the DRLs signature demonstrated promising prognostic value, offering insights into the immune microenvironment and potential therapeutic avenues for HCC. Particularly, TMCC1-AS1 showed potential as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as a prevalent malignancy globally, characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. Despite continuous advancements in the treatment of HCC, the prognosis of patients with this cancer remains unsatisfactory. This study aims a... | [
"<title>Electronic supplementary material</title>",
"<p>Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>LXX, SC, QQL and DC designed the project, analyzed the data and drafted manuscript. XYC, YX and YJZ downloaded and collated the data. JL, ZXG and JYX analyzed the data. All authors reviewed the manuscript.<... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>The flow diagram of the research process</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Construction and validation of the prognostic signature of DRLs. (<bold>A</bold>) Forest plot of univariate analysis results showing 11 OS-related DR... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM3\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material ... | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn><fn><p>Lixia Xu, Shu Chen and Qiaoqiao Li contributed equally to this article.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12935_2023_3208_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e559\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12935_2023_3208_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e614\"/>",
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"<graphic xlink:href=\"12935_2023_3208_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"d32e721\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12935... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12935_2023_3208_MOESM1_ESM.png\"><caption><p><bold>Supplementary Material 1:</bold> Supplementary Figure S1</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12935_2023_3208_MOESM2_ESM.png\"><caption><p><bold>Supplementary Material 2:</bold> Supplementary Figure S2</p></caption></media>",
"<medi... | [{"label": ["23."], "mixed-citation": ["Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhou F. Cuproptosis: a new form of programmed cell death. Cell Mol Immunol. 2022."]}, {"label": ["24."], "mixed-citation": ["Bian Z, Fan R, Xie L. A novel cuproptosis-related prognostic gene signature and validation of differential expression in clear cell renal ... | {
"acronym": [
"AUC",
"DEGs",
"DRGs",
"DRLs",
"GO",
"GSEA",
"KEGG",
"LASSO",
"OS",
"PCA",
"ROC",
"TCGA",
"TIME",
"TMB"
],
"definition": [
"Area under the receiver operating characteristic",
"Differentially expressed genes",
"Disulfidptosis-relate... | 36 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Cancer Cell Int. 2024 Jan 13; 24:30 | oa_package/48/5b/PMC10788009.tar.gz |
PMC10788010 | 38218775 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par6\">Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most common cancer in women and the eighth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide [##REF##27743768##1##]. At the time of initial diagnosis, over 70% of patients present with advanced disease due to the presence of atypical ... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par10\">This systematic review and meta-analysis adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The study was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO CRD420234020... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Study selection and characteristics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par16\">A total of 2408 potentially relevant trials were collected through independent evaluation by two authors. After removing irrelevant and duplicate studies, the initial search yielded 1422 abstracts and articles. Fina... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par36\">OC is often asymptomatic until it reaches an advanced stage, resulting in delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis. The current screening programs for OC diagnosis are inadequate [##UREF##2##31##]. PROC remains a significant challenge for clinical diagnosis and treatment ... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par40\">The combination therapy of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors for PROC has shown superior OS, PFS, and ORR compared to monochemotherapy, particularly when combined with VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors and chemotherapy. However, it is worth mentioning that combination therapy is associated ... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Almost all patients with ovarian cancer will experience relapse and eventually develop platinum-resistant. The poor prognosis and limited treatment options have prompted the search for novel approaches in managing platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC). Therefore, a ... | [
"<title>Electronic supplementary material</title>",
"<p>Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We would like to thank all authors who provided published data for our meta-analysis.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>HDX and SFL contributed the study concept and design. HDX and LS contributed to the data acquisition. HDX and KLY were responsible for d... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Flow diagram of the screening and selection process</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Forest plots of OS <bold>(A)</bold> and PFS <bold>(B)</bold> of combination therapy with VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors</p></caption></fig>",
"<f... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Main characteristic of the eligible studies in the meta-analysis</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Author</th><th align=\"left\">Year</th><th align=\"left\">Study Phase/design</th><th align=\"left\">Numbers ... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2879_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e701\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2879_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e718\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2879_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e939\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2879_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"d32e1537\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2879_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p>Supplementary Material 1</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"label": ["5."], "mixed-citation": ["Buda A, Floriani I, Rossi R, Randomised controlled trial comparing single agent paclitaxel vs epidoxorubicin plus paclitaxel in patients with advanced ovarian cancer in early progression after platinum-based chemotherapy: An Italian collaborative study from the Mario Negri Institu... | {
"acronym": [
"OC",
"PROC",
"PARP",
"PLD",
"HR",
"CI",
"OS",
"PFS",
"OR",
"ORR",
"TRAEs",
"VEGF",
"ECOG",
"ASCO",
"ESMO",
"SGO",
"RCT",
"RECIST 1.1",
"GCIG CA125"
],
"definition": [
"ovarian cancer",
"platinum-resistant ovarian c... | 42 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | BMC Womens Health. 2024 Jan 13; 24:34 | oa_package/8d/f0/PMC10788010.tar.gz |
PMC10788011 | 38218755 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par17\">Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a complex condition associated with impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia; its increasing prevalence has become a serious global health challenge. It is accountable for 11.3% of deaths worldwide and is be... | [
"<title>Method</title>",
"<title>Study design and participants</title>",
"<p id=\"Par21\">The current cross-sectional study was conducted on the population of Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) cohort study [##REF##25943424##24##]. A total of 9704 individuals aged 35 to 65 years were enr... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Study population characteristics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par25\">A total of 9035 subjects were included into this study, including 1273 diabetic patients and 7762 non-diabetic individuals (Fig. ##FIG##0##1##). The average age was 47.45 ± 8.17 years and 51.77 ± 7.73 years in non-diab... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par28\">The current study aimed to investigate the distribution of t-wave impairment among diabetic patients and its association with T2DM according to the Minnesota coding system. The primary results showed significantly higher rates of code 5–2 and 5–3 t-wave impairment amo... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par36\">The results of this study show a significantly higher prevalence of Minnesota codes 5–2, 5–3, major and minor T-wave abnormalities in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic individuals. However, the association between these abnormalities was not significant using... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has become a major health concern with an increasing prevalence and is now one of the leading attributable causes of death globally. T2DM and cardiovascular disease are strongly associated and T2DM is an important independent risk factor... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We would like to thank Mashhad University of Medical Sciences for supporting this study.</p>",
"<title>Authors’ contributions</title>",
"<p>All authors have read and approved the manuscript. Study concept and design: SSS and AI; data collection: FF, ME, HA, BS, AG, SM, a... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>The summary of the methodology and the findings</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Comparison of frequency distribution of the T wave impairments between patients with and without T2DM (<italic>n</italic> = 9035)</p></caption... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients under study according to T2DM<sup>a</sup></p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\">Variables<sup>a</sup></th><th align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"><bold... | [
"<inline-formula id=\"IEq1\"><alternatives><tex-math id=\"M1\">\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsmath}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{wasysym} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsfonts} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amssymb} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsbsy}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{upgreek}\n... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>*</sup>Significance level of 0.05</p><p><sup>a</sup>Values are reported as Mean SD and frequency (%)</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>*</sup>Significance level of 0.05</p><p><sup>a</sup><italic>OR</italic> Odds Ratio</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>*... | [
"<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2023_3649_Article_IEq1.gif\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2023_3649_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
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"<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2023_3649_Article_IEq3.gif\"/>",
"<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"12872... | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "mixed-citation": ["Duan D, Kengne AP, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB. Screening for diabetes and prediabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2021;50(3):369\u201385."]}, {"label": ["9."], "surname": ["Taskinen"], "given-names": ["M-R"], "article-title": ["Diabetic dyslipidemia"], "source": ["Atherosclerosis S... | {
"acronym": [
"T2DM",
"TWA",
"ECG",
"CVD",
"MASHAD",
"FBG",
"LR",
"ROC",
"BMI",
"AUC",
"IHD",
"AGE"
],
"definition": [
"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus",
"T-wave abnormalities",
"Electrocardiogram",
"Cardiovascular disease",
"Mashhad stroke and heart a... | 55 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2024 Jan 13; 24:48 | oa_package/9a/dc/PMC10788011.tar.gz |
PMC10788012 | 38218847 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">After the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian war on 24 February 2022, 8.2 million Ukrainians have been displaced or led to flee all over Europe, as of May 2023 [##UREF##0##1##]. Data on the consequences of the current war in Ukraine on the psychological well-being of refu... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Ethical approval</title>",
"<p id=\"Par13\">The research was performed following the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethical Committee of the University Hospital of Verona on 24/10/2022 (protocol number 63939).</p>",
"<title>Study... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Sample characteristics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par35\">A total of 150 participants were recruited and 141 (94%) completed the questionnaire. The majority were females (<italic>n</italic> = 111, 78.7%), and the median age was 36 years (IQR 23–43). The level of education of the majori... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par41\">The present study showed that the Ukrainian translation of GHQ-12 had good reliability and validity and a two-factor structure consistent with the original English version.</p>",
"<p id=\"Par42\">The GHQ-12 is a well-known instrument to assess the general well-being... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par47\">The present study showed that the Ukrainian translation of the GHQ-12 had good internal reliability and concurrent validity and showed a factor structure consistent with the original version. It provides a useful tool for assessing general well-being in an at-risk po... | [
"<p id=\"Par1\">Following the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the well-being of millions of Ukrainians has been jeopardised. This study aims to translate and test the psychometric features of the Ukrainian version of the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12). The study included Ukrainian refugees housed in Verona (I... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Authors’ contributions</title>",
"<p>RB conceptualized and designed the study and made substantial contributions to original writing. AS contributed to conceptualization, data collection and made substantial contributions to original writing. RB and MM were responsible for data analysis. MS was responsibl... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Flowchart of the translation, pilot test and validation process of the Ukrainian translation of the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) adopted in the present study</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Standardized paramet... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Original English and Ukrainian translation of the 12 items of the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12). UKR: Ukrainian</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>GHQ-12</th><th>UKR GHQ-12</th></tr></thead><tbody><t... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><italic>*</italic>Z-test, <italic>T</italic> test, <italic>sd</italic> standard deviation</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p><italic>Df</italic> degrees of freedom: <italic>CFI</italic> comparative fit index: <italic>TLI</italic> Tucker-Lewis index: <italic>RMSEA</italic> root-mean ... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12955_2024_2226_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12955_2024_2226_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12955_2024_2226_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12955_2024_2226_MOESM1_ESM.pdf\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1.</bold>\n</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"label": ["1."], "mixed-citation": ["United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Operational data portal. Ukraine refugee situation. Continually updated. Available at: "], "ext-link": ["https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine"]}, {"label": ["3."], "surname": ["Jankowski", "Lazarus", "Kuchyn", "Zemskov"... | {
"acronym": [
"CFA",
"GHQ",
"IQR",
"ITQ",
"PTSD",
"SD",
"WHO"
],
"definition": [
"Confirmatory Factor Analysis",
"General Health Questionnaire",
"Inter Quartile Range",
"International Trauma Questionnaire",
"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder",
"Standard Deviation"... | 36 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2024 Jan 13; 22:6 | oa_package/be/c3/PMC10788012.tar.gz |
PMC10788013 | 38221621 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par2\">The human gastrointestinal tract is home to billions of microorganisms that interact symbiotically with their hosts and play a critical role in both health and illness. H. pylori, a gastrointestinal microorganism, is one of the most studied bacteria. The network of i... | [] | [] | [] | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par29\">Many domestic and international scholars have made significant progress in recent years by conducting multi-dimensional and multi-angle discussions and studies on the relationship between extra gastric disorders and H. pylori. In terms of microbiota and immunity, thi... | [
"<p id=\"Par1\">H. pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that is usually acquired in childhood and can persistently colonize the gastric mucosa of humans, affecting approximately half of the world’s population. In recent years, the prevalence of H. pylori infection has steadily reduced while the risk of allergic dise... | [
"<title>Association between H. Pylori infection and the risk of allergic diseases</title>",
"<title>Association between H. pylori and asthma</title>",
"<p id=\"Par4\">Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with chronic airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling, and its pathogenesis is ... | [] | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Pathways by which H. pylori exerts a protective effect against asthma</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>The pathways by which H. pylori affects the gut microbiota and the mechanisms by which the altered gut microbiota affect... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13223_2024_870_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e296\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13223_2024_870_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e400\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "mixed-citation": ["Chen CC, Liou JM, Lee YC, Hong TC, El-Omar EM, Wu MS. The interplay between Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal microbiota. Gut Microbes. 2021 Jan-Dec;13(1):1\u201322. 10.1080/19490976.2021.1909459."]}, {"label": ["8."], "mixed-citation": ["Kalach N, Bontems P, Raymond J. Hel... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 68 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2024 Jan 14; 20:4 | oa_package/c5/bd/PMC10788013.tar.gz |
PMC10788014 | 38218850 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<title>Background and rationale</title>",
"<p id=\"Par17\">Submucosal tumors (SMTs) histologically include both epithelial and nonepithelial tumors. Nonepithelial tumors typically present as protruding lesions or masses covered with intact mucosa [##UREF##0##1##]. Large SMTs (≥2 ... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Definition</title>",
"<p id=\"Par23\">Several key definitions are outlined below:<list list-type=\"order\"><list-item><p id=\"Par24\">Efficacy: the efficacy was determined based on the operation duration, operation cost, and hospitalization duration</p></list-item><list-item><p... | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par67\">Initially, precutting EBL was designed to address the current challenge of treating small gastric SMT-MPs, and a previous study demonstrated its clinical feasibility. However, before we could extend its application to other areas or institutions, notable shortcomings ... | [] | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">The management of small gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs) originating from the muscularis propria layer (SMT-MPs) remains a subject of debate. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is currently considered the optimal treatment for resection. However, high expenses, com... | [
"<title>Data management</title>",
"<title>Collection</title>",
"<p id=\"Par62\">All the data were collected and verified by two statisticians simultaneously using a spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel 2016) in accordance with each patient’s personal information and medical images. Patients are assigned numerical codes... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable.</p>",
"<title>Protocol amendments</title>",
"<p id=\"Par71\">Any protocol changes that could result in deviations will be thoroughly documented in a separate spreadsheet. The protocol update history will be reported to the clinical trial registry in the f... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Steps of the precutting EBLR and postoperative pathology. <bold>A</bold> The tumor investigated in the fundus of the stomach by white light gastroscopy. <bold>B</bold> The tumor (white arrow) investigated by EUS. <bold>C</bold> The tumor’s covering mucosa was precu... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Participant timeline</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th/><th colspan=\"7\">Study period</th></tr><tr><th/><th>Recruitment</th><th>Allocation</th><th colspan=\"3\">Hospitalization</th><th colspan=\"2\">Follow-up</th></tr><tr... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>a</sup>Specimens’ sizes were measured by rulers after resections</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13063_2024_7902_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"13063_2024_7902_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1.</bold>\n</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"13063_2024_7902_MOESM2_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 2.</bold>\n</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"label": ["1."], "surname": ["Nishida", "Kawai", "Yamaguchi", "Nishida"], "given-names": ["T", "N", "S", "Y"], "article-title": ["Submucosal tumors: comprehensive guide for the diagnosis and therapy of gastrointestinal submucosal tumors"], "source": ["Digest endoscopy : off j Japan Gastroenterol Endoscopy Soc."], "ye... | {
"acronym": [
"SMT",
"SMT-MP",
"ESD",
"Precutting EBL",
"Precutting EBLR",
"RCT",
"GIST",
"EUS",
"CT",
"EUS-FNA",
"AE",
"SAE"
],
"definition": [
"Submucosal tumor",
"Submucosal tumor originating from the muscularis propria layer",
"Endoscopic submucosal... | 26 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Trials. 2024 Jan 13; 25:49 | oa_package/1f/bf/PMC10788014.tar.gz |
PMC10788015 | 38218838 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par4\">Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide and thus smoking cessation is a critical step for improving global health [##REF##20431525##1##, ##UREF##0##2##]. Nicotine is a psychoactive chemical that can be found in tobacco, causing neurobeha... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Animals</title>",
"<p id=\"Par35\">Seven- to eight-weeks-old male C57BL/6 N mice were purchased (Daehan Bio Link, Daejeon, Republic of Korea) 1 week before experimentation. Mice were housed in plastic cages with metal wire grids and were maintained under a 12-h reversed light/d... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par8\"> To mimic nicotine exposure from light cigarette use during the initial experimentation stage, C57BL/6 N wild-type mice were treated with nicotine (0.5 mg/kg (-)-nicotine ditartrate in physiological saline, pH adjusted to 7.4) once daily for three days. On the following d... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par23\">This study provides evidence that, in mice, early withdrawal from repeated (3 days), low-dose nicotine (0.175 mg/kg free-base) administration induces physical and affective signs of nicotine withdrawal. Novice smokers do not immediately engage in heavy daily smoking; ... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par34\">In summary, our study demonstrated that early nicotine withdrawal produces behavioral alterations in mice, supporting the preclinical findings [##REF##20047690##6##–##REF##8613954##13##] and clinical observations [##REF##25938380##7##, ##UREF##3##15##] that short-term... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Clinical and preclinical research have demonstrated that short-term exposure to nicotine during the initial experimentation stage can lead to early manifestation of withdrawal-like signs, indicating the state of “acute dependence”. As drug withdrawal is a major factor ... | [
"<title>Addiction versus dependence: the timely question on “acute dependence”</title>",
"<p id=\"Par25\">General theories on the transition to addiction dictate that a pattern of chronic, escalating drug intake is required to develop addiction [##REF##17169534##28##, ##REF##23963530##29##]. From an integrative p... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We cordially thank Tae Kyoo Kim for proofreading.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>BK: project administration, conceptualization, methodology, funding acquisition, investigation, validation, visualization, formal analysis, data curation, writing—original ... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Drug injection and experimentation schedule. Mice were treated with saline or nicotine solution (0.175 mg/kg free-base) once daily for three days. On the following day, mice were treated with saline or mecamylamine solution (MEC; 0.3 mg/kg). All behavioral tests co... | [] | [
"<disp-formula id=\"Equa\"><alternatives><tex-math id=\"M1\">\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsmath}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{wasysym} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsfonts} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amssymb} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsbsy}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{upgreek}\n\t... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
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"<graphic xlink:href=\"12993_202... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12993_2024_227_MOESM1_ESM.tif\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1: Figure S1. </bold>Further examination of the somatic withdrawal signs. (A) The cumulative distribution plot of somatic signs after early precipitated withdrawal (PW) from nicotine was notably distanced from those of all other ... | [{"label": ["2."], "collab": ["WHO"], "source": ["WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2021: addressing new and emerging products"], "year": ["2021"], "publisher-loc": ["Geneva"], "publisher-name": ["World Health Organization"]}, {"label": ["9."], "surname": ["Morrison"], "given-names": ["CF"], "article-title": [... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 56 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Behav Brain Funct. 2024 Jan 13; 20:1 | oa_package/a1/68/PMC10788015.tar.gz |
PMC10788016 | 38218771 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">There are many challenges impeding progress in our understanding of the immune response following sport-related concussion (SRC). Animal model research has been helpful in hypothesis generation for human studies across the severity spectrum of brain injury from concu... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Participants</title>",
"<p id=\"Par10\">Fifty-two athletes from a Canadian university’s sport program participated in this study during the 2018/2019 academic year; this sub study was part of a larger project conducted by our group from 2013 to 2019. Of the 52-athlete convenien... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Participants</title>",
"<p id=\"Par22\">Participant characteristics can be seen in Table ##TAB##0##1##. Age was similar in both groups (median = 21 years), although there were slightly more females in the healthy group (60% vs. 50% in the SRC group), and more athletes in the he... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par37\">In this preliminary study, we utilized <italic>ex</italic>-<italic>vivo</italic> whole blood stimulation with known cytokine-producing inflammatory agents to better approximate immune function in individuals following SRC. To foster transparency and reproducibility, w... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par42\">Whole blood stimulation is a practical and insightful technique that can be used to evaluate immune function post SRC. Moreover, employing an explicit causal framework will facilitate the replication of findings and drive enhancements in subsequent research endeavors.... | [
"<title>Purpose</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">To implement an approach combining whole blood immune stimulation and causal modelling to estimate the impact of sport-related concussion (SRC) on immune function.</p>",
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par2\">A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted ... | [
"<title>Electronic supplementary material</title>",
"<p>Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to acknowledge Sarah Watling for her help with data collection during the study period.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>APD, MGH, SR & MS helped with the study design and implementation. AD & MGH wrote the main text and pre... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>A Directed Acylic Graph of the effect of Sport related concussion on immune function. Conc Hx, Concussion history; Imm, immune function; SRC, sport-related concussion; Ex, current exercise status. A heuristic scientific model in the form of a directed acyclic graph... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Participant characteristics</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Characteristic</th><th align=\"left\">Healthy, N = 30<sup><italic>1</italic></sup></th><th align=\"left\">SRC, N = 22<sup><italic>1</italic></sup... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM3\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>SRC, Sport-related concussion</p><p><sup><italic>1</italic></sup> Median (IQR); n (%)</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>1</sup> Median (IQR); n (%)</p><p>SRC, sport-related concussion.</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nat... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12865_2023_595_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e476\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12865_2023_595_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e873\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12865_2023_595_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e925\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12865_2023_595_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"d32e967\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12865_2023_595_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p>Supplementary Material 1</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12865_2023_595_MOESM2_ESM.docx\"><caption><p>Supplementary Material 2</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12865_2023_595_MOESM3_ESM.docx\"><caption><p>Supplementary Ma... | [{"label": ["1."], "surname": ["Giza", "Hovda"], "given-names": ["CC", "DA"], "article-title": ["The new neurometabolic cascade of concussion"], "source": ["Neurosurgery"], "year": ["2014"], "volume": ["75"], "issue": ["Suppl 4"], "fpage": ["24"], "lpage": ["33"], "pub-id": ["10.1227/NEU.0000000000000505"]}, {"label": ... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 60 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | BMC Immunol. 2024 Jan 13; 25:6 | oa_package/ae/fc/PMC10788016.tar.gz |
PMC10788017 | 38218963 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par24\">The cumulative harm caused by pollution and inadequate resource and land management of our remaining natural resources is a major connected element of many global concerns. Microalgae, including cyanobacteria, have the ability to address some of these issues by decr... | [
"<title>Materials and Methods</title>",
"<title>Construction of <italic>proC-</italic>overexpressing <italic>Synechocystis</italic> sp. PCC 6803</title>",
"<p id=\"Par33\">First, the recombinant plasmid pEERM_<italic>ProC</italic> was constructed (Table ##TAB##0##1##), which was naturally transformed into <ital... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Overexpression of native <italic>proC</italic> gene in <italic>Synechocystis</italic> sp. PCC 6803 wild-type and mutant strains</title>",
"<p id=\"Par25\">Initially, we constructed four engineered <italic>Synechocystis</italic> sp. PCC 6803 strains, including wild-type control ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par30\">The disruption of the polyamine synthetic <italic>adc1</italic> gene in <italic>Synechocystis</italic> sp. PCC 6803 was initially discovered in a previous study [##UREF##2##5##], but the metabolic regulation remained unclear. In this work, we highlight the remarkable ... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par32\">The nitrogen and phosphorus-deprived condition efficiently induced the accumulation of glycogen and PHB in <italic>Synechocystis</italic> sp. PCC 6803. In this study, higher PHB production was attained in three modified <italic>Synechocystis</italic> sp. PCC6803 stra... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Lack of nutrients, in particular nitrogen and phosphorus, has been known in the field to sense glutamate production via 2-oxoglutarate and subsequently accelerate carbon storage, including glycogen and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), in cyanobacteria, but a few studies have... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We gratefully thank Professor Peter Lindblad, Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry–Ångström, Uppsala University, for providing the expression vector pEERM for our work.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>SU responsible for study conception, experime... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Overview of the polyamine-proline-glutamate pathways connected to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and related biosynthetic pathways of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and glycogen in cyanobacterium <italic>Synechocystis</italic> sp. PCC 6803. Abbreviations of genes a... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Strains and plasmids used in this study</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Name</th><th align=\"left\">Relevant genotype</th><th align=\"left\">References</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\" colspa... | [
"<inline-formula id=\"IEq1\"><alternatives><tex-math id=\"M1\">\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsmath}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{wasysym} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsfonts} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amssymb} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsbsy}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{upgreek}\n... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>P<sub>psbA2</sub>, <italic>psbA2</italic> promoter; <italic>Cm</italic><sup><italic>R</italic></sup>, chloramphenicol resistance cassette</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in publi... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13068_2024_2458_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13068_2024_2458_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13068_2024_2458_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13068_2024_2458_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13068_2024_2458_Fig5_... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"13068_2024_2458_MOESM1_ESM.pdf\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1: Table S1.</bold> Primers used in this study. <bold>Figure S1.</bold> Agarose gel electrophoresis of RT-PCR products of proC transcript in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 strains grown under normal BG11 condition for 6 days, shown ... | [{"label": ["1."], "surname": ["Sutherland", "McCauley", "Labeeuw", "Ray", "Kuzhiumparambil", "Hall", "Doblin", "Nguyen", "Ralph"], "given-names": ["DL", "J", "L", "P", "U", "C", "M", "LN", "PJ"], "article-title": ["How microalgal biotechnology can assist with the UN Sustainable Development Goals for natural resource m... | {
"acronym": [
"ADC",
"Arg",
"Car",
"Chl a",
"DCW",
"DMF",
"FMOC",
"GABA",
"h",
"μg",
"mL",
"min",
"nm",
"OD",
"OPA",
"PCR",
"PHB",
"rpm",
"s",
"WT"
],
"definition": [
"Arginine decarboxylase",
"Arginine",
"Carotenoids",
... | 52 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod. 2024 Jan 13; 17:6 | oa_package/71/fb/PMC10788017.tar.gz |
PMC10788018 | 38218927 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Osteoarthritis (OA), among the most prevalent degenerative joint diseases, is caused by a multitude of factors, including aging, obesity, strain, and trauma [##REF##31982797##1##, ##REF##30340925##2##]. This condition affects more than approximately 240 million indiv... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Cell culture</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">CHON-001 cells were purchased from the ATCC and grown in DMEM (Thermo Fisher) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin–streptomycin under humidified conditions with 5% CO<sub>2</sub> at 37 °C. Subsequently, CHON-001 cells ... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>MiR-214-3p was identified as a direct target of LINC00958</title>",
"<p id=\"Par19\">To investigate whether LINC00958 functions as a competing endogenous RNA by targeting miRNAs, we employed the target prediction tool StarBase to identify potential target genes. Our analysis re... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par30\">OA is a prevalent joint ailment characterized by articular cartilage degeneration and deterioration, and is a significant global public health concern. Accumulating evidence implicates various factors, including factors such as mechanical stress, structural abnormalit... | [] | [
"<title>Objective</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">We investigated the impact of the long noncoding RNA LINC00958 on cellular activity and oxidative stress in osteoarthritis (OA).</p>",
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par2\">We performed bioinformatics analysis via StarBase and luciferase reporter assays to predi... | [] | [
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>YY designed the study. YY and QH carried out the experiments and wrote the paper. JH, YF and YX analyzed the data and discussed the results. YY and QH revised the manuscript.</p>",
"<title>Funding</title>",
"<p>This study was supported by the Applied Medicine of Hefe... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>LINC00958 directly targeted miR-214-3p. <bold>A</bold> Schematic representation of the miR-214-3p binding site in the LINC00958 3′-UTR. <bold>B</bold> Relative luciferase activity was measured using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. *<italic>P</italic> < 0.05, *... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn><fn><p>Yingchuan Yin and Qiaojuan He contributed equally to this study.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13018_2024_4545_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13018_2024_4545_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13018_2024_4545_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13018_2024_4545_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13018_2024_4545_Fig5_... | [] | [{"label": ["19."], "surname": ["He"], "given-names": ["CP"], "article-title": ["The function of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis"], "source": ["Bone Jt Res"], "year": ["2021"], "volume": ["10"], "issue": ["2"], "fpage": ["122"], "lpage": ["133"], "pub-id": ["10.1302/2046-3758.102.BJR-2020-0228.R1"]}, {"la... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 30 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | J Orthop Surg Res. 2024 Jan 13; 19:66 | oa_package/38/99/PMC10788018.tar.gz |
PMC10788019 | 38218772 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a metabolically active tissue that structurally neighbors the myocardium and the coronary arteries [##UREF##0##1##, ##REF##19057089##2##]. EAT volume (EATV), as well as visceral adipose tissue, increases in obese patients and correl... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Participants and data collection</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">We retrospectively reviewed 267 consecutive Japanese patients who had undergone multi-detector cardiac computed tomography (MDCT) between May 2010 and April 2016 at Tomishiro Central Hospital, Okinawa, Jap... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>General characteristics</title>",
"<title>Overall</title>",
"<p id=\"Par15\">General characteristics were shown in both men and women (Table ##TAB##0##1##). Overall, 247 patients had a mean age of 65 years; 67% were men, 26% had SR, and 74% had AF.</p>",
"<p id=\"Par16\">\n... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par32\">In this study, we evaluated sex differences in the association between EATVI and LAVI in patients with either SR or AF, and found two major findings. First, in overall, that includes both men and women, EATVI and LAVI were not significantly correlated with SR and AF. ... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par38\">We evaluated the sex differences in the association between EATV and LAVI in patients with either SR or AF. We found a positive relationship among men with SR, and a negative relationship among women with AF. This is the first report to evaluate the relationship betwe... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Sex disparities in the association between epicardial adipose tissue volume (EATV) and cardiovascular disease have been reported. The sex-dependent effects of EATV on left atrial (LA) size have not been elucidated.</p>",
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par2\">Co... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We are deeply grateful to the staff at the Ultrasound Examination Center, Tokushima University Hospital, and Tomishiro Central Hospital for acquiring echocardiographic parameters.</p>",
"<title>Author Contributions</title>",
"<p>MSh conceptualized the study; SY and MSh a... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Flowchart of patient recruitment. MDCT: multi-detector row computed tomography; LAV: left atrial volume; EATV: epicardial adipose tissue volume. See the detail in the text</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Comparison of EATV... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>General characteristics of studied patients</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"/><th align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\">Overall</th><th align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\">Men</th><th align=\"left\" colspan=\... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>P1 between SR vs. AF in each sex; P2 between all-rhythm men vs. women</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>ACE or ARB, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; EATV, epicardial adipose tissue volume; EATVI, epicardial adipose tissu... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2023_3569_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e392\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2023_3569_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e909\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2023_3569_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e928\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12872_2023_3569_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"d32e2943\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "mixed-citation": ["Sacks HS, Fain JN. Human epicardial adipose tissue: a review. Am Heart J 2007, 153(6):907\u201317."]}, {"label": ["4."], "mixed-citation": ["Maimaituxun G, Shimabukuro M, Fukuda D, Yagi S, Hirata Y, Iwase T, Takao S, Matsuura T, Ise T, Kusunose K et al. Local thickness of Epicardi... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 29 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2024 Jan 13; 24:46 | oa_package/c8/32/PMC10788019.tar.gz |
PMC10788020 | 38218810 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par26\">The codon represents the fundamental connection between genes and proteins when deciphering genetic information. In the 64 standard genetic codes, there are 61 sense codons encoding 20 types of amino acids, and the remaining three are translation termination signals. ... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Sequence retrieval</title>",
"<p id=\"Par43\">The mitogenome sequences of <italic>H. citrina</italic> (MZ726801.1、MZ726802.1, and MZ726803.1) were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xli... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Codon composition of the <italic>H. citrina</italic> mitogenome</title>",
"<p id=\"Par30\">The final 28 protein coding sequences (CDS) of the mitogenome in <italic>H. citrina</italic> were available for codon usage analysis. The overall GC content of the whole mitogenome (GCall... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par39\">Codon usage bias (CUB) in genomes is inevitable and refers to the uneven use of synonymous codons in gene coding to account for both gene regulation and molecular evolution. Previous studies have focused on the CUB patterns in many prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which wa... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par50\">In this study, mt genes of <italic>H. citrina</italic> were systematically analyzed to study the CUB patterns as well as the related forces influencing their evolutionary processes. The mitogenome exhibited weaker CUB and a preference for A/T-rich nucleotides and A/T... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\"><italic>Hemerocallis citrina</italic> Baroni is a traditional vegetable crop widely cultivated in eastern Asia for its high edible, medicinal, and ornamental value. The phenomenon of codon usage bias (CUB) is prevalent in various genomes and provides excellent clues fo... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors thank MDPI for English language editing.</p>",
"<title>Authors’ contributions</title>",
"<p>KZ and YW conceived the study. KZ and XS performed data analysis and drafted the manuscript. YW and YZ supervised the research and revised the manuscript. All authors ... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Correlation analysis of codon parameters in the <italic>H. citrina</italic> mitogenome. *, ** indicate correlations significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>ENC-plot analysis of... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Codon composition parameters of the mitogenome in <italic>H. citrina</italic></p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\">Codon counts</th><th align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\">Base composition at the third p... | [
"<inline-formula id=\"IEq1\"><alternatives><tex-math id=\"M1\">\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsmath}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{wasysym} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsfonts} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amssymb} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsbsy}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{upgreek}\n... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Optimal codons are presented with<sup>a</sup></p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn><fn><p>Kun Zhang and Yiheng Wang contribut... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12863_2024_1191_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12863_2024_1191_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12863_2024_1191_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12863_2024_1191_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12863_2024_1191_Fig5_... | [] | [{"label": ["10."], "surname": ["Salim", "Cavalcanti"], "given-names": ["HMW", "ARO"], "article-title": ["Factors influencing codon usage bias in genomes"], "source": ["J Braz Chem Soc"], "year": ["2008"], "volume": ["19"], "issue": ["2"], "fpage": ["257"], "lpage": ["262"], "pub-id": ["10.1590/S0103-50532008000200008"... | {
"acronym": [
"A",
"C",
"CAI",
"CBI",
"CDS",
"Cp",
"CUB",
"ENC",
"Fop",
"G",
"GCall",
"GC1, GC2, and GC3",
"GC12",
"GC3s",
"Mt",
"NCBI",
"PCGs",
"PR2",
"RSCU",
"T",
"T3s, A3s, C3s, and G3s",
"U"
],
"definition": [
"Adenin... | 65 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | BMC Genom Data. 2024 Jan 13; 25:6 | oa_package/61/6d/PMC10788020.tar.gz |
PMC10788021 | 38218896 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par10\">Prostein (P501S), also termed solute carrier family 45 member 3 (SLC45A3) is a protein composed of 553 amino acids which is coded by the SLC45A3 gene at chromosome 1q32.1 [##REF##11245466##1##]. Its function is not well known but some data suggest a role in transmembr... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Tissue microarrays (TMAs)</title>",
"<p id=\"Par13\">Our normal tissue TMA was composed of 8 samples from 8 different donors for each of 76 different normal tissue types (608 samples on one slide). The cancer TMAs contained a total of 19,202 primary tumors from 15... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Technical issues</title>",
"<p id=\"Par16\">A total of 17,146 (89.3%) of 19,202 tumor samples were interpretable in our TMA analysis. Non-interpretable samples demonstrated lack of unequivocal tumor cells or loss of the tissue spot during technical procedures. A sufficient numb... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par19\">Our successful analysis of more than 17,000 tumors provided a comprehensive overview on the patterns of prostein expression in cancer. The predominant expression of prostein in prostate cancer was expected since studies analyzing 9-220 tumor cases had earlier identifi... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par23\">Our data provide a comprehensive overview on prostein expression in human cancers. The data show that prostein is a highly sensitive prostate cancer marker with positive results in at least 98% of primary prostate cancers. Because prostein can also be expressed in var... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Prostein (P501S), also termed solute carrier family 45 member 3 (SLC45A3) is an androgen regulated protein which is preferentially expressed in prostate epithelial cells. Because of its frequent expression in prostate cancer, prostein was suggested a diagnostic prostat... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We are grateful to Laura Behm, Inge Brandt, Maren Eisenberg, and Sünje Seekamp for excellent technical assistance.</p>",
"<title>Authors’ contributions</title>",
"<p>FV, SK, CB, RS, MK, GS: contributed to conception, design, data collection, data analysis and manuscript ... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Prostein immunostaining of normal tissues. Prostein staining was always granular, cytoplasmic and predominantly perinuclear (“endoplasmatic reticulum pattern”). The panels show a particularly strong prostein staining of acinar cells of the prostate (<bold>A</bold>)... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Prostein immunostaining in human tumors</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\"/><th align=\"left\"/><th align=\"left\"/><th align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\">Prostein immunostaining result</th></tr><tr><th align=\"lef... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>\n<italic>Abbreviation</italic>: <italic>pT</italic> Pathological tumor stage, <italic>G</italic> Grade, <italic>pN</italic> Pathological lymph node status, <italic>pM</italic> Pathological status of distant metastasis, <italic>R</italic> Resection margin status, <italic>V</italic> Venous invas... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13000_2023_1434_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e475\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13000_2023_1434_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e2903\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13000_2023_1434_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e2910\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"13000_2023_1434_MOESM1_ESM.pdf\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1: Supplementary Fig. 1.</bold> IHC validation by comparison of antibodies. The panels demonstrate a confirmation of all prostein stainings obtained by MSVA-460R by the independent antibody EPR4795(2). Using MSVA-460R, a granula... | [] | {
"acronym": [
"ERG",
"IHC",
"SCL45A3",
"TMA",
"TMPRSS2"
],
"definition": [
"ETS Transcription Factor ERG",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Solute carrier family 45 member 3",
"Tissue microarray",
"Transmembrane Serine Protease 2"
]
} | 25 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Diagn Pathol. 2024 Jan 13; 19:12 | oa_package/fd/45/PMC10788021.tar.gz |
PMC10788022 | 38218846 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par6\">Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) is a self-limiting disease of unknown cause, also known as Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD). It was first reported in 1972 by KIKUCHI and FUJIMOTO et al. [##REF##25310212##1##]. HNL is a relatively uncommon benign lymph node ... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par29\">The clinical manifestations of the HNL lack specificity and may resolve spontaneously within 1 to 6 months after diagnosis. The most common manifestation of patients is localized cervical lymph node enlargement with tenderness, often accompanied by fever. Other rare s... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par39\">The coexistence of HNL and papillary thyroid carcinoma is unique, and the coexistence of the two diseases is rare, but the reason why the associated diseases can coexist has not been proven. When patients present with enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, they should be c... | [
"<p id=\"Par1\">Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) is a benign, self-limiting disease that is rare clinically. The coexistence of HNL and tumor is rarer. We report a male patient who was preoperatively diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma with cervical lymph nodes metastasis, and the postoperative pa... | [
"<title>Case report</title>",
"<p id=\"Par8\">A 48-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma confirmed by fine needle aspiration of the thyroid after 20 days of physical examination. Ultrasound examination of the thyroid showed that a hypoechoic nodule was detected ... | [
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>J.L: Conception or design of the work, data collection, analysis, and interpretation, drafting the article. L.C.: Data collection, analysis, and interpretation, Writing- Reviewing and Editing. L.J.: Conception or design of the work. G.Y. and G.Q.: Data collection, analys... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Ultrasound showed a 1.3 × 1.0 cm hypoechoic nodule with a faint border in the upper pole of the right lobe of the thyroid gland. (A: Thyroid mass)</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>FNA smear for the right lobe of the thyroid... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Summary of cases of HNL combined with other tumors in the literature</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Number</th><th align=\"left\">Year of publication</th><th align=\"left\">Author Nationality</th><th alig... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>*Abbreviations: Fe: Female. Ma: male. NA: not available</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13000_2024_1441_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e209\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13000_2024_1441_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e219\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13000_2024_1441_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e229\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13000_2024_1441_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"d32e272\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13000... | [] | [{"label": ["2."], "surname": ["Dumas", "Prendki", "Haroche"], "given-names": ["G", "V", "J"], "article-title": ["Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: retrospective study of 91 cases and review of the literature [J]"], "source": ["Med (Baltim)"], "year": ["2014"], "volume": ["93"], "issue": ["24"], "fpage": ["372"], "lpage": ["82... | {
"acronym": [
"HNL",
"KFD",
"CDFI",
"TI-RADS"
],
"definition": [
"Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis",
"Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease",
"Color Doppler flow imaging",
"Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System"
]
} | 20 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Diagn Pathol. 2024 Jan 13; 19:14 | oa_package/f7/7e/PMC10788022.tar.gz |
PMC10788023 | 38218981 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a profound impact on society, affecting employment, schooling, healthcare and many other aspects of everyday life. In terms of mental health, increasing rates of symptoms of depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and other conditions hav... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Data</title>",
"<p id=\"Par10\">The analysis was performed based on routine data from the umbrella organization of Austrian social insurance institutions (the Federation of Austrian Social Insurance Institutions), which records data for accounting purposes. The dataset comprise... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par15\">The results revealed an increase in the prescription rate of antidepressants and antipsychotics, which was especially pronounced in the age groups 10–14 and 15–19 years, and a steeper increase among female adolescents (see Table ##TAB##0##1##).</p>",
"<title>Antidepres... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par18\">Our analysis focused on the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on prescription patterns of common psychotropic drugs with a specific focus on adolescents. Given the reported high burden of mental health problems among adolescents during the pandemic [##REF##34369987##... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par28\">Data from the Federation of Austrian Social Insurance Institutions show an increase in prescriptions of antidepressants and antipsychotics throughout the pandemic, which was especially pronounced in female adolescents. The increasing rates of depression and anxiety sy... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many aspects of everyday life, including the (mental) healthcare system. An increase in depression and anxiety symptoms has been reported worldwide, and is particularly pronounced in females and young people. We aimed to evaluate chan... | [
"<title>Limitations</title>",
"<p id=\"Par26\">Despite several strengths of the present study, such as a dataset of 8.82 million insured persons in Austria, representing about 98.5% of the Austrian population, several limitations need to be addressed. First, the use of anonymous, aggregated data limited the depth... | [
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>MO and PLP wrote the main manuscript text and developed the study design. LL and SD provided support in data provision. MO, ODK and PLP were involved in statistical analyses. MO, PLP, ODK, LL and SD revised the manuscript. All autors reviewed the manuscript.</p>",
"<ti... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Prescription rate developments and forecasts for antidepressants stratified by age and sex group. Age groups (10–14 years, 15–19 years, all age groups combined, including adults) according to gender from Quarter 1 (Q1) of 2013 to Quarter 4 (Q4) of 2021</p></caption... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Absolute and relative change in the prescription rate between Quarter 3 (Q3) of 2020 and Quarter 4 (Q4) of 2021</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Medication</th><th align=\"left\">Age</th><th align=\"left\">... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>This table displays the change in the respective prescription rates between the third quarter of 2020, the beginning of the effect, and the fourth quarter of 2021, the end of the observation period</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature r... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13034_2023_684_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13034_2023_684_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "mixed-citation": ["American Academy of child and adolescent psychiatry. anxiety disorders: parents\u00b4 medication guide. 2020. "], "ext-link": ["https://www.aacap.org/App_Themes/AACAP/docs/resource_centers/resources/med_guides/anxiety-parents-medication-guide.pdf"]}, {"label": ["3."], "surname": [... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 43 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2024 Jan 13; 18:10 | oa_package/3e/05/PMC10788023.tar.gz |
PMC10788024 | 38218831 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) are a type of diseases characterized by the occurrence of atypical hyperplasia of vaginal squamous cells and carcinoma in situ, excluding invasive carcinoma [##UREF##0##1##]. They are rare precancerous lesions of the low... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Study design</title>",
"<p id=\"Par10\">This was a retrospective study of patients with vaginal HSIL who underwent either robotic-assisted laparoscopic vaginectomy or conventional laparoscopic vaginectomy in the Department of gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospi... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Patient Characteristics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par24\">We identified 118 patients with vaginal HSIL who underwent either robotic-assisted laparoscopic vaginectomy or conventional laparoscopic vaginectomy from December 2013 to May 2022. As shown in Fig. ##FIG##3##4##, nine patients ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par34\">Vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions are the precancerous lesions of invasive vaginal carcinoma, which lack specific clinical manifestations. The vast majority of patients are asymptomatic, and only a small number of people may experience abnormal vaginal secretio... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par42\">Our study is the largest retrospective study of patients with vaginal HSIL who underwent vaginectomy via robotic-assisted surgery or conventional laparoscopic surgery. Both the two groups, patients can achieve similar satisfactory treatment outcomes, but patients see... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Vaginectomy has been shown to be effective for select patients with vaginal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and is favored by gynecologists, while there are few reports on the robotic-assisted laparoscopic vaginectomy (RALV). The aim of this study wa... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>Conceptualization, Y.L., R.G., Q.W., J.B. and M.C.; methodology, Y.L., M.M., M.Z, and H.F.; formal analysis, Y.L., R.G., and M.Z.; resources, R.G. and C.W.; data curation, R.G., J.B., Q.W., and C.W.; writin... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>(<bold>A</bold>) The range of lesions involved cervix and upper 1/2 of the vagina. (<bold>B</bold>) a: The edge of lesions was marked by suture. b: The cup of uterine manipulator was placed in vagina for patients with post-hysterectomy status.</p></caption></fig>",... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Demographic and clinical characteristics</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\"/><th align=\"left\">CLV group<break/>(<italic>n</italic> = 77)</th><th align=\"left\">RALV group<break/>(<italic>n</italic> = 32)</t... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; HPV: human papillomavirus; ASC-US: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; ASC-H: Atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions; LSIL: Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions;... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2024_2882_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e357\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2024_2882_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e374\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2024_2882_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e391\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2024_2882_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"d32e441\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905... | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "surname": ["Gunderson", "Nugent", "Elfrink"], "given-names": ["CC", "EK", "SH"], "article-title": ["A contemporary analysis of epidemiology and management of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia"], "source": ["Am J Obstet Gynecol"], "year": ["2013"], "volume": ["208"], "fpage": ["410e411"], "lpage": ["... | {
"acronym": [
"CI",
"CLV",
"HR",
"HSIL",
"LSIL",
"RALV",
"SIL"
],
"definition": [
"Confidence intervals",
"Conventional laparoscopic vaginectomy",
"Hazard ratios",
"High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions",
"Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions",
"Rob... | 48 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | BMC Womens Health. 2024 Jan 13; 24:36 | oa_package/4c/51/PMC10788024.tar.gz |
PMC10788025 | 38218917 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Suicide, characterized as a fatality resulting from a purposeful act of self-directed harm, exhibits systematic variations influenced by factors such as age, gender, and the chosen method of self-harm [##REF##31339847##1##]. Worldwide, suicidal behaviors significantly ... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Study population</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), an investigation that collects demographic information on the health and nutrient intake of US citizens, is supervised and executed through the National Center for Health S... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par15\">29,288 individuals made up the study’s sample; 48.52% of them consisted of men and 51.48% were women. The research individuals’ average ages were 48.00 ± 18.70 years. Among them, 28,168 (96.18%) reported an absence of suicidal ideation, while 1,120 (3.82%) indicated exhi... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par23\">In this comprehensive study involving 29,288 adults, the findings indicate that individuals with elevated NHHR scores are more likely to experience suicidal ideation. This association holds true across various subgroups, including age, sex, race, BMI, educational leve... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par30\">Based on the analysis conducted, a notable association was identified between suicidal ideation and higher NHHR scores, emphasizing the potential clinical relevance of lipid metabolism in mental health. Recognizing NHHR as a predictive indicator suggests a proactive t... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">The ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (NHHR) serves as a reliable lipid indicator associated with atherogenic characteristics. Studies have indicated a potential connection between suicidality ... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors express their gratitude to the NHANES database for their uploading valuable datasets.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>G.Q.: conceptualization, methodology, data curation, software, writing – original draft. W.D.: data curation, visualization,... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Flowchart of participant selection. NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHHR, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>The... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Characteristics of the study population</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Characteristic</th><th align=\"left\">Total (<italic>N</italic> = 29,288)</th><th align=\"left\">Without suicidal ideation (<italic>N... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Model 1, no covariates were adjusted. Model 2, age, gender, and race were adjusted. Model 3, age, gender, race, marital status, education level, BMI, income-to-poverty ratio, smoking status, diabetes, hypertension, physical activity, and dietary cholesterol were adjusted. 95% CI, 95% confidence... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12944_2024_2012_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e320\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12944_2024_2012_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e1039\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12944_2024_2012_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e1049\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["5."], "mixed-citation": ["Cho H, Shin J, Choi JK. Serum lipid levels and suicidal ideation of adults: a cross-sectional study using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Clin Med 2023, 12(13)."]}, {"label": ["13."], "mixed-citation": ["Iannuzzi A, Giallauria F, Gentile M, Rubba P, C... | {
"acronym": [
"non-HDL-C",
"HDL-C",
"NHHR",
"PIR",
"BMI",
"TC"
],
"definition": [
"Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol",
"High-density lipoprotein cholesterol",
"Non-HDL-C and HDL-C ratio",
"Poverty-to-income ratio",
"Body mass index",
"Cholesterol"
]
} | 40 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Lipids Health Dis. 2024 Jan 13; 23:17 | oa_package/ec/ba/PMC10788025.tar.gz |
PMC10788026 | 38218807 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par38\">Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal cancer of the female reproductive system, which is due to the lack of effective screening at the early stage and resistance to chemotherapy as the tumor progresses [##REF##33538338##1##, ##UREF##0##2##]. The preferred treatment f... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Data collection</title>",
"<p id=\"Par44\">The processed data were extracted from UCSC-Xena (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https://xenabrowser.net/datapages/\">https://xenabrowser.net/datapages/</ext-link>) [##REF##32444850##31##]. The Ensemble Gene was converted... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par58\">The research flowchart was plotted to summarize the main design of our study (Fig. ##FIG##0##1##).</p>",
"<title>Differentially expressed and prognostic genes screening</title>",
"<p id=\"Par59\">Compared with normal, there were 52 MRGs differentially expressed in OC... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par75\">OC has hidden early symptoms and a poor 5-year survival rate. The accuracy of OC biomarker screening is still low. OC is also a multifactorial and complex disease, and the goal of treatment is to reduce the tumor burden, prolong survival time and improve the quality o... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par85\">The comprehensive analysis of MRGs and MRLs revealed their roles in expression, prognosis, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and molecular mechanism of OC. By analyzing prognosis, functional pathways, mutation, immunity features, immunotherapy, and drug susceptibility, our ... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Both mitophagy and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in ovarian cancer (OC). We sought to explore the characteristics of mitophagy-related gene (MRG) and mitophagy-related lncRNAs (MRL) to facilitate treatment and prognosis of OC.</p>",
"<title>Method... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We greatly thank the data gained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).</p>",
"<title>Authors’ contributions</title>",
"<p>Yang Sun conceived, designed, and supervised the study. Jianfeng Zheng performed data analysis and drafted the manus... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>The flowchart outlining the main design of our study</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Differentially expressed and prognostic MRGs screening. <bold>A</bold> Heatmap showing the gene expression of the 52 differentially expre... | [] | [
"<disp-formula id=\"Equa\"><alternatives><tex-math id=\"M1\">\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsmath}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{wasysym} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsfonts} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amssymb} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsbsy}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{upgreek}\n\t... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn><fn><p>Jianfeng Zheng, Shan Jiang and Xuefen Lin contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2864_Article_Equa.gif\" position=\"anchor\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2864_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2864_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2864_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12905... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2864_MOESM1_ESM.pdf\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1.</bold>\n</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12905_2023_2864_MOESM2_ESM.pdf\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 2.</bold>\n</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"label": ["2."], "mixed-citation": ["Moreno V, et al. Safety and efficacy of the tumor-selective adenovirus enadenotucirev with or without paclitaxel in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: a phase 1 clinical trial. J Immunother Cancer. 2021;9 10.1136/jitc-2021-003645."]}, {"label": ["5."], "mixed-citation": ["Chang CM... | {
"acronym": [
"OC",
"lncRNA",
"CA125",
"HE4",
"ROMA",
"TCGA",
"GEO",
"MRL",
"MRG",
"WGCNA",
"LASSO",
"OS",
"TMB",
"MAF",
"FDR",
"K-M",
"PPI",
"GSEA",
"ssGSEA",
"GSVA",
"CIBERSORT",
"MCPcounter",
"ESTIMATE",
"ICB",
"TI... | 104 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | BMC Womens Health. 2024 Jan 13; 24:37 | oa_package/10/95/PMC10788026.tar.gz |
PMC10788027 | 38218840 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par20\">Globally, adolescents aged 10 to 19 years make up about 16% of the population [##UREF##0##1##]. This age group makes up a higher proportion of sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria, accounting for 23% and 22.3% respectively [##UREF##0##1##, ##UREF##1##2##]. Adolescence is a ... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Trial design</title>",
"<p id=\"Par26\">A two-arm Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (cRCT) of 8 schools (clusters) with equal allocation was conducted. This number meets the minimum number of clusters required for cRCTs [##REF##28584874##16##]. Individual students served as p... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Characteristics of the participants</title>",
"<p id=\"Par55\">More than half of the respondents in both groups were in the age range 15–17 years (Table ##TAB##0##1##). The proportion of males and females in both groups were almost equal. Public school enrolment accounted for 4... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par62\">To the best of our knowledge, this is the first cRCT to assess the effect of an mHealth-based CSE on the SRH knowledge, attitude, and practice of RSB among in-school adolescents in Ilorin, Nigeria. The study was conducted as a proof of concept to promote the national ... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par78\">This study has contributed to the body of knowledge on the effect of mHealth-based CSE among in-school adolescents. A structured mHealth-based intervention delivered over a period of 12 weeks was found to have improved the SRH knowledge and increased positive attitude... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">The implementation of the country-wide comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) curriculum among in-school adolescents remains abysmally low and mHealth-based interventions are promising. We assessed the effect of a mHealth-based CSE on the sexual and reproductive healt... | [
"<title>Implications for policy and practice</title>",
"<p id=\"Par73\">Stakeholders in the Federal and State Ministries of Education are urged to implement an mHealth-based FLHE curriculum in the country. This mode of delivery has the potential to scale-up the country-wide coverage of the curriculum which is cur... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We would like to acknowledge trainers in the Department of Epidemiology and Community Healthm University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria who made valuable contributions to this work: Prof. G.K. Osagbemi, Prof. A.G. Salaudeen, Prof. I.S. Abdulraheem, Prof. S.A. Aderibigb... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Consort flowchart for the trial</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Effect of the mHealth-based Intervention on knowledge, attitude and sexual behaviour in the control and intervention groups: repeated Measures graphical illus... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Characteristics of respondents</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Variable</th><th align=\"left\">Control (%)</th><th align=\"left\">Intervention (%)</th><th align=\"left\">Total (%)</th><th align=\"left\">χ<... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>χ<sup>2</sup>—Pearson’s Chi square test; t—independent t test; level of significance—p value < 0.05</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>χ<sup>2</sup>—Pearson’s Chi square test; t—independent t test; level of statistical significance—p value < 0.05</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<ta... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12978_2023_1735_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12978_2023_1735_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12978_2023_1735_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1.</bold> Distribution of selected schools in the control and intervention groups.</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12978_2023_1735_MOESM2_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 2.</bold> Topics covered in t... | [{"label": ["1."], "mixed-citation": ["United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF). UNICEF Data. 2016. Demographics. "], "ext-link": ["https://data.unicef.org/topic/adolescents/demographics/"]}, {"label": ["2."], "mixed-citation": ["United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF). UNICEF. 2018. At a glance: Nigeria. "], ... | {
"acronym": [
"AIDS",
"RSB",
"CI",
"COVID-19",
"cRCT",
"CSE",
"FLHE",
"HIV",
"SRH",
"STI",
"T0",
"T1",
"T2"
],
"definition": [
"Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome",
"Risky sexual behaviour",
"Confidence interval",
"Coronavirus disease 2019",
... | 62 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Reprod Health. 2024 Jan 13; 21:6 | oa_package/6e/6f/PMC10788027.tar.gz |
PMC10788028 | 38218876 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Renal cell cancer (RCC) accounts approximately 2% of global cancer diagnoses worldwide [##REF##30207593##1##]. RCCs have recently been re-classified pathologically with molecular-driven criteria as well as cytoplasmic feature-based diagnoses [##UREF##0##2##]. RCC has... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">Seventy-two patients who were diagnosed with RCC and underwent surgery in Urology Clinic and Medical Oncology Clinic of Istanbul Training and Research Hospital between July 2022 and January 2023 or were included in the treatment planning in the medical oncol... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par15\">A total of 72 patients who met the exclusion and inclusion criteria during the study period were included in the study as stated in the methods. Twenty (28%) of the patients were female patients and the remaining 52 (72%) were male patients. The mean age of the patients ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par28\">About one-third of patients present with metastatic RCC at the time of presentation. RCC is one of the cancers in which the immune system is most activated [##UREF##8##12##]. In order to better evaluate the outcomes of the patients, it is necessary to identify some pr... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par44\">According to the results of this study, it is seen that the risk of metastasis may be higher in patients with RCC who have high SIRI and SII values, low lymphocyte count and increased platelet count, which are among the inflammatory parameters obtained from the venou... | [
"<title>Objectives</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">In this prospective cross-sectional clinical study, we aimed to determine the efficiency of preoperative hematological markers namely SIRI (systemic inflammatory response index) and SII (systemic inflammatory index) for renal cell cancer to predict the possibility of p... | [] | [
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>All authors contributed to the study of conception and design. HK coordinated and managed all parts of the study. TE carried out the literature search. All authors conducted data collection and performed preliminary data preparations. HK conducted data analyses and all t... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>The area under the curve in metastatic patients was 0.809 for SII and 0.737 for SIRI. The ROC curve is shown in the graph</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Comparison of patients’ blood parameter values between metastatic and non-metastatic groups</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\"/><th align=\"left\">Neutrophil count</th><th align=\"left\">Monocyte count</th><t... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>*: <italic>p</italic> < 0.01</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>*: <italic>p</italic> < 0.05</p><p>**: <italic>p</italic> < 0.001</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional cl... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12894_2024_1401_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e526\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["2."], "mixed-citation": ["Moch H, Amin MB, Berney DM, Comp\u00e9rat EM, Gill AJ, Hartmann A, Menon S, Raspollini MR, Rubin MA, Srigley JR, Hoon Tan P, Tickoo SK, Tsuzuki T, Turajlic S, Cree I, Netto GJ. The 2022 World Health Organization classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital orga... | {
"acronym": [
"AUC",
"BMI",
"BC",
"CBC",
"CT",
"FGF-2",
"G-CSF",
"GM-CSF",
"MRI",
"MSKCC",
"NLR",
"NF-Κb",
"OS",
"PLR",
"RCC",
"SII",
"SIRI",
"STAT-3",
"TME",
"TNF",
"VEGF"
],
"definition": [
"Area Under the Curve",
"Body... | 24 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | BMC Urol. 2024 Jan 13; 24:14 | oa_package/1e/cb/PMC10788028.tar.gz |
PMC10788029 | 38218761 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par16\">Although various measures had been taken globally to address highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants, the Omicron wave swept across China in 2022 [##REF##35537471##1##]. Particularly, the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak increased the risk of death in patients with malignant he... | [
"<title>Patients and methods</title>",
"<title>Patients and healthy controls</title>",
"<p id=\"Par20\">This was a prospective observational study with longitudinal follow-up of lymphoma patients infected with COVID-19. Those participants were recruited from December, 2022 to January, 2023, and the follow-up pe... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Clinical characteristics of patients and healthy controls</title>",
"<p id=\"Par24\">A total of 80 lymphoma patients (37 DLBCL, 8 MZL, 6 MCL, 5 FL, 7 HL, 13 TCL, and 4 other types of lymphoma) and 51 healthy controls with SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. The clinical charact... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par45\">In the prospective study, we investigated the ability of producing anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Ab in 80 lymphoma patients after two-month COVID-19 infection and further analyzed the factors influencing the Ab levels. The results revealed that the Ab levels were significantly ... | [] | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">The ability of generating effective humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been clarified in lymphoma patients. The study aimed to investigate the antibody (Ab) production after SARS-Cov-2 infection and clarify the factors affecting the Ab generation ... | [
"<title>Electronic supplementary material</title>",
"<p>Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We thank all lymphoma patients and healthy controls who agreed to take part in the test. We also thank the investigators and the study teams who participated in the investigation.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>Huan Xie: Conceptualization, Formal analys... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>The comparison of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG APR and Ab levels between lymphoma patients and healthy controls (<bold>A</bold> and <bold>C</bold>). The anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG APR and Ab levels among each type of lymphoma and healthy controls (<bold>B</bold> and <bold>D</bold>... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Clinical characteristics of lymphoma patients (<italic>n</italic> = 80)</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">\n<bold>Median age (range)</bold>\n</td><td align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\">58 (18 ~ 85)</td><td align=\... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><bold>Abbreviations</bold>: DLBCL, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; TCL, T-cell lymphoma; MZL, Marginal zone lymphoma; HL, Hodgkin’s lymphoma; MCL, mantle cell lymphoma; FL, Follicular lymphoma; OTL, Other types of lymphoma; NCCN-IPI, National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12865_2024_596_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e558\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12865_2024_596_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e788\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12865_2024_596_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e826\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12865_2024_596_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"d32e902\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12865_202... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12865_2024_596_MOESM1_ESM.xlsx\"><caption><p>Supplementary Material 1</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12865_2024_596_MOESM2_ESM.txt\"><caption><p>Supplementary Material 2</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"label": ["31."], "mixed-citation": ["Ishio T, Tsukamoto S, Yokoyama E, et al. Anti-CD20 antibodies and bendamustine attenuate humoral immunity to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with B-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Hematol. 2023;1\u201311. 10.1007/s00277-023-05204-7"]}, {"label": ["35."], "mixed-citation": ["Porra... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 38 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | BMC Immunol. 2024 Jan 13; 25:5 | oa_package/bc/c3/PMC10788029.tar.gz |
PMC10788030 | 38218811 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par34\">Worldwide, aggressive B-cell lymphoma is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) [##REF##33657296##1##, ##REF##27618563##2##]. The standard first-line R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) immunochemotherapy achie... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Eligibility and study population</title>",
"<p id=\"Par38\">Patients with R/R aggressive B-cell lymphoma between January 2020 and August 2022 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed (<italic>n</italic> = 59). The eligibility criteria included R/R patients who had ... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Clinical characteristics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par44\">Final analyses were conducted on 30 patients, and the baseline clinical features and initial treatments are summarized in Table ##TAB##0##1##. The median age was 55 years (range: 19–79 years) and 60% patients were female. At i... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par50\">Although the standard treatment for R/R aggressive B-cell lymphoma with late relapse (> 12 months) is dose-intensity chemotherapy followed by ASCT, most older patients are not considered ideal transplant candidates. The addition of consolidation or salvage RT unequ... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par55\">We showed that hypofractionated RT achieved high response rates and was well tolerated in patients with R/R aggressive B-cell lymphoma. These findings provide additional evidence supporting hypofractionated RT as a treatment for reduction of tumor burden in aggressive... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective and available local treatment for patients with refractory or relapsed (R/R) aggressive B-cell lymphomas. However, the value of hypofractionated RT in this setting has not been confirmed.</p>",
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Pa... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable.</p>",
"<title>Authors’ contributions</title>",
"<p>Conception and design: Y.Y and T.B.L. Financial support: Y.Y, T.B.L, H.Y.F, and B.H.X. Administrative support: Y.Y and T.B.L. Provision of study material or patients: All authors. Collection and assembly ... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>OS (A) and PFS (B) for all patients</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>OS and PFS stratified by RT response. OS (<bold>A</bold>) and PFS (<bold>B</bold>) were worse when patients achieved non-CR after RT</p></caption></fig>",... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Patient characteristics and treatment at initial presentation</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\">Characteristics</th><th align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\">Patients</th></tr><tr><th align=\"left\">Num... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><italic>Abbreviations</italic>: <italic>DLBCL-NOS</italic> diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified, <italic>R-CHOP</italic> rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone, <italic>DA-EPOCH-R</italic> dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclopho... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12885_2024_11837_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12885_2024_11837_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12885_2024_11837_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12885_2024_11837_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["18."], "mixed-citation": ["Locke FL, Miklos DB, Jacobson CA, et al. Axicabtagene Ciloleucel as Second-Line Therapy for Large B-Cell Lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2021."]}, {"label": ["53."], "mixed-citation": ["Grignano E, Laurent J, Deau B, Burroni B, Bouscary D, Kirova YM. The role of radiotherapy as salvage a... | {
"acronym": [
"NHL",
"R-CHOP",
"R/R",
"ASCT",
"CAR",
"RT",
"PET",
"CNS",
"CR",
"EPOCH-R",
"ILROG",
"ISRT",
"MRI",
"GTV",
"CTV",
"PTV",
"OAR",
"PR",
"PFS",
"OS",
"DLBCL",
"PMBL",
"PD",
"IMRT",
"VMAT",
"ORR",
"D... | 63 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | BMC Cancer. 2024 Jan 13; 24:72 | oa_package/8d/1b/PMC10788030.tar.gz |
PMC10788031 | 38218834 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par2\">Bergenin (<bold>1</bold>) is a <italic>C</italic>-glucoside derived from 4-<italic>O</italic>-methylgallic acid (Fig. ##FIG##0##1##) that occurs in several plants, and it has various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory [##UREF##0##1##], in vivo antinocic... | [] | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par7\">The extract of the roots yielded 2.32% (28.63 g) from 1.23 kg of dried material employing MeOH at room temperature. The CHCl<sub>3</sub> soluble fraction of this extract (8.23 g) after conventional chromatography techniques and recrystallization furnished 1... | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par7\">The extract of the roots yielded 2.32% (28.63 g) from 1.23 kg of dried material employing MeOH at room temperature. The CHCl<sub>3</sub> soluble fraction of this extract (8.23 g) after conventional chromatography techniques and recrystallization furnished 1... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par29\">The validated method proved reliable, accurate, and suitable for quantifying bergenin in MeOH extracts of <italic>P. dubium</italic>. It also confirmed that the adsorption of the target compound differed between imprinted and non-imprinted polymers, with the analyte ... | [
"<p id=\"Par1\">This study describes methodologies for extracting and isolating bergenin, a <italic>C</italic>-glucoside of 4-<italic>O</italic>-methylgallic acid found in some plants and it presents various in vitro and in vivo biological activities. Bergenin was previously obtained from the <italic>Pelthophorum d... | [
"<title>Experimental</title>",
"<title>Instruments and software</title>",
"<p id=\"Par30\">The NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance III 500 (11.5 T) instrument at LabRMN (Universidade Federal de Goiás). A Shimadzu SPD-M20A HPLC/DAD system was used for the chromatographic analysis. The FT-IR spectra were... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors are grateful for the scholarships of the CNPq—Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (# 302848/2022-3), Dr. Luciano Liao of Universidade Federal de Goiás for the NMR spectra, and to CIENAM-Centro de Energia e Ambiente that kindly permitted ... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Structure of the bergenin, a <italic>C</italic>-glucoside derivative of gallic acid</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Pareto charts from the complete factorial design for results in terms of yield of bergenin from experiment... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Overview of the methodology validation parameters of the gallic acid and bergenin</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Parameter</th><th align=\"left\">Gallic acid</th><th align=\"left\">Bergenin</th></tr></the... | [
"<disp-formula id=\"Equ1\"><label>1</label><alternatives><tex-math id=\"M1\">\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsmath}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{wasysym} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsfonts} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amssymb} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsbsy}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepack... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>a</sup>In relation to the extract</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>a</sup>In relation to the extract</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<fn-group><fn id=\"Fn1\"><label>1</label><p id=\"Par47\">Adsorved bergenin.</p></fn><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature ... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13065_2024_1112_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e335\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13065_2024_1112_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e715\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13065_2024_1112_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e763\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13065_2024_1112_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"d32e772\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13065... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"13065_2024_1112_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1.</bold> The bergenin spectra, NMR data and other informations can be obatained.</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"label": ["1."], "surname": ["Qiu", "Chen", "Liang", "Zhang", "Xu", "Gong"], "given-names": ["J", "X", "P", "L", "Y", "M"], "article-title": ["Integrating approach to discover novel bergenin derivatives and phenolics with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities from bio-active fraction of "], "italic": ["Syzygiu... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 28 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | BMC Chem. 2024 Jan 13; 18(1):13 | oa_package/65/53/PMC10788031.tar.gz |
PMC10788032 | 38218915 | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<p id=\"Par1\"><bold>Correction: Harm Reduction Journal (2023) 20:116</bold> 10.1186/s12954-023-00844-4</p>",
"<p id=\"Par2\">Following publication of the original article [##UREF##0##1##], the reference 31 has been added to the reference list and the same has been shown below:</p>",
"<p id=\"Par3\">31. Treloa... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [] | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "surname": ["Cama", "Beadman", "Beadman"], "given-names": ["E", "M", "K"], "article-title": ["Health workers\u2019 perspectives of hepatitis B-related stigma among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in New South Wales"], "source": ["Aust Harm Reduct J"], "year": ["2023"], "volume": ["20"], ... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 1 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Harm Reduct J. 2024 Jan 13; 21:8 | oa_package/61/f0/PMC10788032.tar.gz |
PMC10788033 | 38218886 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par2\">Pain is a major concern for many people living with HIV (PLWH). Any major or persistent pain may be associated with emotional distress and functional impairment among PLWH [##REF##35980785##21##, ##REF##30130299##67##]. Much of the existing work on major or persisten... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Study design and sampling</title>",
"<p id=\"Par7\">Data for this study were drawn over five years (September 2014–August 2019) from the Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Women’s Longitudinal Needs Assessment (SHAWNA), an ongoing community-based, longitudinal open enrolment cohort stu... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Sample characteristics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par18\">Overall, 335 WLWH in SHAWNA were included in our sample, who contributed 1632 observations over 5 years from September 2014 to August 2019. The median number of follow-up visits in our study sample is five (interquartile range: ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par22\">Three-quarters of WLWH in our setting reported pain at ≥ 1 study visit, with half of WLWH reporting undiagnosed pain or pain self-managed with criminalized drugs. Correlates of pain included food and housing insecurity, depression, suicidal ideation, non-daily non-inj... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par32\">In conclusion, a high proportion of WLWH experienced pain correlated with depression, suicidality, opioid use, food and housing insecurity, and poor access to health services. Pain had significant consequences for self-rated health and quality of life. The high propor... | [
"<p id=\"Par1\">While women living with HIV (WLWH) are twice as likely to report severe or undertreated chronic pain compared to men, little is known about pain among WLWH. Our goal was to characterize the correlates of pain as well as its impact on quality-of-life outcomes among women enrolled in the Sexual Health... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We thank all those who contributed their time and expertise to this project, particularly participants, the Positive Women’s Advisory Board, Community Advisory Board members and partner agencies, and the current SHAWNA research project staff, including: Elissa Aikema, Tara A... | [] | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Baseline characteristics among cohort of 335 women living with HIV in Metro Vancouver, Canada, stratified by whether major or persistent pain was experienced in the last 6 months</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"l... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>a</sup>A highly marginalized Vancouver community with high rates of poverty, unstable housing, substance use, survival sex work, and HIV infection</p><p><sup>b</sup>In the last 6 months</p><p><sup>c</sup>In the last 4 weeks, and restricted to 2019 February. The number of participants in ov... | [] | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "surname": ["Aubry", "Bloch", "Brcic", "Saad", "Magwood", "Abdalla", "Alkhateeb", "Xie", "Mathew", "Hannigan", "Costello", "Thavorn", "Stergiopoulos", "Tugwell", "Pottie"], "given-names": ["T", "G", "V", "A", "O", "T", "Q", "E", "C", "T", "C", "K", "V", "P", "K"], "article-title": ["Effectiveness of ... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 79 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Harm Reduct J. 2024 Jan 13; 21:10 | oa_package/f2/46/PMC10788033.tar.gz |
PMC10788034 | 38218788 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">In the United States (US), a recent study estimated that 400,000 patients admitted to the hospital may die from a medical error [##REF##27143499##1##] and another study estimated one million excess injuries following medical intervention [##REF##10720365##2##]. Evidenc... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p id=\"Par10\">The process of establishing a research agenda was initiated in 2020 by a core group (authors: MdB, JJ and SK). We used an adapted version of Zwaan and colleagues’s [##REF##33564945##27##] systematic prioritization method to establish research agendas. This method weights... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par20\">We first present the quantitative results for the research topics. For each research topic, we then present key existing literature and list research gaps, identified by the expert discussions.</p>",
"<title>Research topics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par21\">The six research... | [] | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par50\">We developed a research agenda with experts from the BSAS community and identified research priorities in behavioral science applied to acute care teams and surgery for the years to come. Six high-priority topics based on inputs from an expert group include: intervent... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Multi-disciplinary behavioral research on acute care teams has focused on understanding how teams work and on identifying behaviors characteristic of efficient and effective team performance. We aimed to define important knowledge gaps and establish a research agenda f... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We thank Laura Zwaan for sharing her experience with research agendas with our research group, Annalena Welp for her participation in the discussions at the very beginning of the project, Matthias Weigl for his comments on a previous version of the manuscript and all the exp... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Flow diagram of the processing of the research questions generated by the experts</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig id=\"Fig2\"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Mean, SD and significant differences across the weighted prioritization of the research topics. <bold>*</bol... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Summary of research priorities within the six topics identified</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\"><bold>Topics</bold></th><th align=\"left\"><bold>Definition of the topic</bold></th><th align=\"left\"><bold>... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>a</sup>Crew resource management</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12913_2024_10555_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12913_2024_10555_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12913_2024_10555_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1.</bold> detail of the t-tests to compare the weight given by the experts to the prioritization criteria.</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12913_2024_10555_MOESM2_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><b... | [{"label": ["19."], "surname": ["Tschan", "Keller", "Semmer", "Timm-Holzer", "Zimmermann", "Huber"], "given-names": ["F", "S", "NK", "E", "J", "SA"], "article-title": ["Effects of structured intraoperative briefings on patient outcomes: multicentre before-and-after study"], "source": ["Br J Surg"], "year": ["2022"], "v... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 132 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | BMC Health Serv Res. 2024 Jan 13; 24:71 | oa_package/75/a9/PMC10788034.tar.gz |
PMC10788035 | 38218937 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par3\">It is essential to view databases not only as repositories of experimental results but also as valuable resources for data exploration and exploitation, particularly when mining data from publicly accessible databases. Among these, the Protein Data Bank (PDB), Cambri... | [
"<title>Method</title>",
"<title>Workflow of BII</title>",
"<p id=\"Par11\">BII identifies bioisosteres in six steps, as illustrated in Fig. ##FIG##0##1##. Users sketch the target functional group using JSME in the Django frontend and obtain the SMILES code, which is transmitted to the backend. The backend sear... | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<title>The LSR of catechol</title>",
"<p id=\"Par27\">When inputting a 3-substituted catechol encoded as <bold><italic>Oc1cccc([R])c1O</italic></bold> into the server, it suggests over 496 replacement ideas, all of which are displayed in a table, paginated for convenien... | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<title>The LSR of catechol</title>",
"<p id=\"Par27\">When inputting a 3-substituted catechol encoded as <bold><italic>Oc1cccc([R])c1O</italic></bold> into the server, it suggests over 496 replacement ideas, all of which are displayed in a table, paginated for convenien... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par39\">To optimize the efficiency of BII, we integrated the extended multiprocessing library of Python into the code. BII stands out as a user-friendly and robust tool for generating innovative ligand replacement ideas. The substructure replacement identification process fo... | [
"<p id=\"Par1\">Within the realm of contemporary medicinal chemistry, bioisosteres are empirically used to enhance potency and selectivity, improve adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity profiles of drug candidates. It is believed that bioisosteric know-how may help bypass granted patents or g... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>This research was sponsored by the Joint Research Funds of Department of Science & Technology of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University (No. 2020GXLH-Z-017), funded by Ningbo Natural Science Foundation (No. 202003N4006) and the key research program of Ni... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>The workflow of BioisoIdentifier (BII) to identify the local structural replacements (LSR). <bold>A</bold> The complete workflow of BII; <bold>B</bold> the calculation process of obtaining LSR; <bold>C</bold> the process of LSR clustering with unsupervised algorith... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Comparison of query results of different search platforms</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\">Target functional group</th><th align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\">The number of bioisosteres found by diff... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn><fn><p>Tinghao Zhang and Shaohua Sun contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic position=\"anchor\" xlink:href=\"13321_2024_801_Figa_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13321_2024_801_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13321_2024_801_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13321_2024_801_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"13321... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"13321_2024_801_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1:</bold>\n<bold>S1</bold>.'batch_download.sh' # Python script to download the PDB database code: <bold>S2</bold>. Taking 3-substituent as the target functional group, the bioelectronic isoplatoon was searched in BII, and the re... | [{"label": ["16."], "surname": ["Oebbeke", "Siefker", "Wagner", "Heine", "Klebe"], "given-names": ["M", "C", "B", "A", "G"], "article-title": ["Fragment binding to kinase hinge: if charge distribution and local pK(a) shifts mislead popular bioisosterism concepts"], "source": ["Angew Chem Int Ed"], "year": ["2021"], "vo... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 49 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | J Cheminform. 2024 Jan 13; 16:7 | oa_package/ee/0c/PMC10788035.tar.gz |
PMC10788036 | 38218783 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par121\">Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by severe continuous hypoxemia, which can be caused by intrapulmonary and/or extrapulmonary causes. The most common cause is pneumonia, especially bacterial and viral pneumonia. In terms ... | [] | [] | [] | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par193\">ARDS is a syndrome characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Despite substantial progress has been made over the past five decades in understanding the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ARDS, few pharmacological interventions have shown a clear mortality bene... | [
"<p id=\"Par1\">Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common condition associated with critically ill patients, characterized by bilateral chest radiographical opacities with refractory hypoxemia due to noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Despite significant advances, the mortality of ARDS remains unacceptabl... | [
"<title>Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of ARDS</title>",
"<p id=\"Par123\">The normal lung functions to facilitate oxygen transfer and carbon dioxide excretion, a process established by the alveolar–capillary unit. The pulmonary endothelium consists of a monolayer of endothelial cells linked by adherens junctio... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>SL and YB designed the structure of the article; QH and YL wrote the manuscript; QH and YL created the figures and tables. SL and YB made revisions and proofread the manuscript. All authors have read and ag... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Pathophysiology of ARDS. The pathophysiology of ARDS is complex, involving dysregulation of inflammation, alveolar-capillary injury, impaired alveolar fluid clearance and oxidative stress. In case of pulmonary causes such as pneumonia or aspiration, the alveolar ep... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>ARDS related PRRs and non-PRRs, their lung tissue distribution and recognition of PAMPs and DAMPs</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Family</th><th align=\"left\">Member</th><th align=\"left\">Distribution</t... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>“?” in the table indicates the absence of information regarding the corresponding DAMPs or PAMPs recognized by the receptors, and “–” indicates no available information</p><p>AECs, alveolar epithelial cells; AIM2, absent in melanoma 2; AMs, alveolar macrophages; CDCs, cytoplasmic DNA sensors; c... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12931_2024_2678_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12931_2024_2678_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12931_2024_2678_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12931_2024_2678_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"MO4\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["15."], "surname": ["Vitenberga", "Pilmane"], "given-names": ["Z", "M"], "article-title": ["Inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue as an essential part of the local immune system"], "source": ["Biomed Pap"], "year": ["2017"], "volume": ["161"], "fpage": ["... | {
"acronym": [
"AECs",
"AEDS",
"AFC",
"AIM2",
"AJs",
"AKT",
"ALI",
"ALK1",
"AMPK",
"AMs",
"Ang",
"AP-1",
"ARDS",
"ASC",
"ASK1",
"ATF6",
"BALF",
"BAP31",
"BMP9",
"CAMKK-β",
"cAMP",
"CDSs",
"CFTR",
"cGAMP",
"cGAS",
"... | 348 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Respir Res. 2024 Jan 13; 25:30 | oa_package/9e/9d/PMC10788036.tar.gz |
PMC10788037 | 38218960 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, and recurrence and metastasis (mostly lung metastasis) are the main reasons for unsatisfactory treatment of OS [##REF##27760307##1##, ##UREF##0##2##]. The activity imbalanc... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Data collection</title>",
"<p id=\"Par8\">In this study, transcriptome data and clinical data (101 TARGET-OS gene expression data) of OS were downloaded from TARGET database. After deleting missing data and data without follow-up records, data from 97 patients wit... | [
"<title>Result</title>",
"<title>The expression and distribution characteristics of GPR65 in OS patients</title>",
"<p id=\"Par28\">GEPIA analysis found that GPR65 expression was higher in GBM, LAML, and KIRC patients, while GPR65 expression was lower in LUAD, LUSC, and THYM tissues. Compared with normal tissue... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par53\">This study analyzed 97 patients with OS from TAEGET database. The data records of this OS patient were relatively complete, and four patients with missing clinical data were deleted. It is well known that compared with other types of cancer, OS has a relatively low in... | [] | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">GPR65 is a pH-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor that acts as a key innate immune checkpoint in the human tumor microenvironment, inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors and inducing significant upregulation of tissue repair genes. However, the expression patter... | [
"<title>Electronic supplementary material</title>",
"<p>Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We appreciate the osteosarcoma data provided by TARGET database and the Single-cell RNA sequencing data of osteosarcoma provided by Liu Y on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>J.Q. and S.H.L. prepared Figs. ##FIG#... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Association between GPR65 and clinicopathological characteristics of OS. (<bold>A</bold>) The expression of GPR65 shows asymmetric distribution in different groups of OS patients in Sankey diagram. (<bold>B</bold>) The landscape of GPR65-related clinicopathological... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>List of oligonucleotides used for qPCR analyses</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Target name</th><th align=\"left\">Sequence (5’- 3’)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\">GPR65 (Huma... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn><fn><p>Jin Qi and Sihang Liu contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12935_2024_3216_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e556\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12935_2024_3216_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e597\"/>",
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"<graphic xlink:href=\"12935_2024_3216_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"d32e681\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12935... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12935_2024_3216_MOESM1_ESM.png\"><caption><p>Supplementary Material 1: The expression of GPR65 in different cancer tissues and normal tissues</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12935_2024_3216_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx\"><caption><p>Supplementary Material 2: Clinical characteristics of 97 pat... | [{"label": ["2."], "mixed-citation": ["Bian J, Liu Y, Zhao X, Meng C, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Wang G. Research progress in the mechanism and treatment of osteosarcoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023."]}] | {
"acronym": [
"OS",
"FRT",
"PSP",
"MS",
"FE ",
"TME",
"ECM",
"BP",
"CC ",
"MF",
"GEPIA",
"KEGG",
"GEO",
"FBS",
"GSVA",
"GO",
"ROC",
"A3SS",
"RNA-seq ",
"DEGs",
"DO",
"AS",
"SE ",
"MXE ",
"PPI "
],
"definition": [
... | 33 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Cancer Cell Int. 2024 Jan 13; 24:31 | oa_package/17/6d/PMC10788037.tar.gz |
PMC10788038 | 38218872 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par5\">A total of 19.3 million new cancer patients were reported worldwide in 2020, with more than 50% dead [##REF##33538338##1##]. Currently, radical surgery is still considered as the most effective treatment for solid tumors. As the early-stage symptoms of many cancers a... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Data collection and retrieval strategy</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">The Core Collection of Web of Science (WOSCC) was used to retrieve and obtain relevant literatures on antitumor nano-immunotherapy since the establishment of the WOSCC. All articles were retrieved on... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>General overview</title>",
"<p id=\"Par15\">A total of 34 countries published relevant literature on antitumor nano-immunotherapy (Fig. ##FIG##0##1##A, Additional file ##SUPPL##6##7##: Table S2). The top six countries with the largest number of publications were China (208), th... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par33\">In the early twenty-first century, researches applying nanomaterials in tumor immunotherapy emerged gradually. Initially, this novel idea failed to draw much attention, and the average annual number of relevant publications was not more than 10. Nevertheless, 2015 tur... | [] | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Tumor immunotherapy can not only eliminate the primary lesion, but also produce long-term immune memory, effectively inhibiting tumor metastasis and recurrence. However, immunotherapy also showed plenty of limitations in clinical practice. In recent years, the combinat... | [
"<title>Supplementary Information</title>",
"<p>\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Not applicable.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>Conceptualization: WC, GDC, MMX, BC. Methodology: WC, MYJ, WGZ. Software: WC, MYJ, WGZ, KY. Formal analysis: WC, MYJ, YXC. Investigation: WC, WGZ, JJC. Data curation: WC. Project administration: WC, MYJ, WG... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Basic information of included literature. <bold>A</bold> The distribution of countries in terms of publications. <bold>B</bold> The top 6 most productive countries/regions. <bold>C</bold> Annual publications quantity and average annual citation of publications. <bo... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM3\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material ... | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn><fn><p>Wei Cao, Mengyao Jin and Weiguo Zhou equally contributed to this work.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic position=\"anchor\" xlink:href=\"12951_2023_2278_Figa_HTML\" id=\"MO01\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12951_2023_2278_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12951_2023_2278_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"MO2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12951_2023_2278_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"MO3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12951_2023_2278_MOESM1_ESM.tif\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 1: </bold><bold>Figure S1.</bold> Country scientific production.</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12951_2023_2278_MOESM2_ESM.tif\"><caption><p><bold>Additional file 2: </bold><bold>Figure S2.</bold> The 6 countries... | [{"label": ["2."], "surname": ["Cao", "Jin", "Yang", "Chen", "Xiong", "Li", "Cao"], "given-names": ["W", "M", "K", "B", "M", "X", "G"], "article-title": ["Fenton/Fenton-like metal-based nanomaterials combine with oxidase for synergistic tumor therapy"], "source": ["J Nanobiotechnol"], "year": ["2021"], "volume": ["19"]... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 54 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 Jan 13; 22:30 | oa_package/8b/d0/PMC10788038.tar.gz |
PMC10788039 | 38218802 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p id=\"Par6\">Periodontitis is a common chronic infectious and inflammatory disease affecting people worldwide. Its etiology mainly includes the direct damage of the periodontal tissues by bacteria and the immune disorder of the host caused by bacteria [##REF##36793719##1##]. Peri... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Data download</title>",
"<p id=\"Par9\">Gene expression data for periodontitis and MS were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/\">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Identification of DEGs</title>",
"<p id=\"Par20\">In GSE16134, a total of 315 DEGs with 217 upregulated and 98 downregulated, were found, while the combined dataset of GSE108000 and GSE135511 showed 227 DEGs, 150 of which were upregulated and 77 downregulated. The top 100 DEGs ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par34\">Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease, causes systemic inflammation and contributes to the development of several neurodegenerative diseases, such as MS [##REF##35708472##8##, ##UREF##0##13##]. However, the mechanisms remain to be revealed. Additionally, the l... | [] | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Although periodontitis has previously been reported to be linked with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the molecular mechanisms and pathological interactions between the two remain unclear. This study aims to explore potential crosstalk genes and pathways between periodont... | [
"<title>Electronic supplementary material</title>",
"<p>Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>",
"<p>\n\n</p>"
] | [
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>All authors have made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the study. E.W. and M.C. designed the project and wrote the manuscript. X.Z., T.W., S.S., M.S., and L.W. performed collection and/or assembly of data, data analysis, and interpretation. L.Z. ... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>identification of genes with variable expression. The periodontitis database GSE16134’s top 100 DEGs are depicted in a heatmap in Figure <bold>(a)</bold>. <bold>(b)</bold> In a combined dataset of GSE108000 and GSE135511 in MS, a heatmap of the top 100 DEGs. <bold>... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM2\"></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s Note</bold></p><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></fn><fn><p>Erli Wu, Ming Cheng and Xinjing Zhang are the co-first authors of this article.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3846_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e485\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3846_Fig2_HTML\" id=\"d32e537\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3846_Fig3_HTML\" id=\"d32e595\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3846_Fig4_HTML\" id=\"d32e644\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12903... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3846_MOESM1_ESM.docx\"><caption><p>Supplementary Material 1</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"12903_2023_3846_MOESM2_ESM.docx\"><caption><p>Supplementary Material 2</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"label": ["13."], "mixed-citation": ["Botelho J, Machado V, Mendes JJ, Mascarenhas P. Causal Association between Periodontitis and Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study. Genes. 2021;12(5). 10.3390/genes12050772."]}, {"label": ["15."], "mixed-citation": ["Gao M, Ling M, Tang X, Wang S... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 44 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | BMC Oral Health. 2024 Jan 13; 24:75 | oa_package/df/66/PMC10788039.tar.gz |
PMC10788040 | 38218966 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par4\">Umbilical outpouchings (UO) in pigs are a clinical condition that poses a challenge for the pigs as well as the producers [##UREF##0##1##]. All UOs were previously considered to be umbilical hernias, but Andersen et al. [##UREF##1##2##] found that slaughter pigs record... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Study design</title>",
"<p id=\"Par38\">A cross-sectional study was performed in 30 conventional herds visited once between September 2020 and May 2021. Piglets were examined the last week before weaning and weaners were examined between weeks three and eight after weaning. Sam... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p id=\"Par13\">480 conventional herds fulfilled the inclusion criteria. From a randomised list of the latter, a total of 62 herds were contacted, and 30 herd owners agreed to participate. The sample size within each herd ranged from 115–530 for piglets and 448–853 for weaners. A total ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par23\">This study provided good estimates for the prevalence of UO within Danish herds; it does not, however, tell the true prevalence of UO, since management procedures in the herds affect the observed prevalence.</p>",
"<p id=\"Par24\">An example of this is the use of si... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par36\">UOs are common in Denmark, with a prevalence of 2.9% in weaners and an estimated annual production of 32 million Danish pigs [##UREF##8##13##] almost a a million pigs are affected yearly. Most of these pigs will have a small or medium UO. If the pigs have large outpo... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Umbilical outpouchings (UO) in pigs present a welfare concern because of ulceration risk and complications. Danish legislation requires pigs with larger UOs to be housed in sick pens with soft bedding, and some UO pigs might not be suited for transport. Because of this... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Thanks to participating herds and students assisting with data collection.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>Conceptualization and funding acquisition KSP; Study design MLH, IL, CSK, TB, and KSP; Recruiting herds and data and sample collection in herds MLH... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Prevalence of umbilical outpouchings including confidence intervals for each herd. The purple horizontal line is the average within-herd prevalence and confidence interval</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>UO % in piglets and weaners including confidence interval, minimum and maximum values</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\">%</th><th align=\"left\">Piglets</th><th align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\">Wea... | [
"<disp-formula id=\"Equ1\"><label>1</label><alternatives><tex-math id=\"M1\">\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsmath}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{wasysym} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsfonts} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amssymb} \n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsbsy}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n\t\t\t\t\\usepack... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Distribution of outpouchings in size categories across the four groups; Piglets, weaners, herds with sick pens, and herds without sick pens</p><p>*Percentage of the total number of UO</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>*Not all weaners have sex registered due to the study design</p>... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"40813_2023_352_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"40813_2023_352_Article_Equ1.gif\" position=\"anchor\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"40813_2023_352_Article_Equ2.gif\" position=\"anchor\"/>",
"<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"40813_2023_352_Article_IEq1.gif\"/>",
"<inline-grap... | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "surname": ["Straw", "Bates", "May"], "given-names": ["B", "R", "G"], "article-title": ["Anatomical abnormalities in a group of finishing pigs: prevalence and pig performance"], "source": ["J Swine Health Prod"], "year": ["2009"], "volume": ["17"], "fpage": ["28"], "lpage": ["31"]}, {"label": ["2."],... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 17 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Porcine Health Manag. 2024 Jan 13; 10:3 | oa_package/e9/b5/PMC10788040.tar.gz |
PMC10788042 | 38222175 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Medication-associated tendinopathies and tendon ruptures have been described under treatment with several pharmaceutical agents, such as corticosteroids, statins, quinolones, and aromatase inhibitors [##REF##27535265##1##, ##REF##36147351##2##]. Most frequently, the Achilles ten... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>A meticulous search of the literature indicates that this is the first case of tendon rupture associated with dabrafenib/trametinib combination or any BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination.</p>",
"<p>A case of multifocal tendon rupture in a 58-year-old male, under treatment with nivolu... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p>Targeted treatment against BRAF-mutated melanoma has changed the prognosis for thousands of metastatic melanoma patients. In most cases, treatment is continued until disease relapse or progression or unacceptable toxicity, as there is no way to guarantee safe withdrawal without e... | [
"<p>The B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF)/ mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) targeting agents have become the treatment of choice for BRAF-mutated melanoma during the last decade. However, it is possible that some long-term adverse events of these drugs have not yet been reported. A c... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>The 65-year-old patient was first examined 11 years ago due to a melanoma relapse on the right lateral chest wall. The primary lesion was located at his frontal abdominal surface and had been surgically removed eight years earlier. It has been characterized as stage IB, pT2... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of both shoulders</title><p>A) MRI T2 weighted images with fat suppression of the right shoulder in the coronal plane revealing the rupture of the supraspinatus tendon (arrow) with a ret... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Author Contributions</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p><bold>Concept and design:</bold> Christos Koutserimpas, George Samonis, Ioanna Gazouli, Dimitrios Bafaloukos, Pantelis D. Skarlos</p><p><bold>Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data:</bold> Christos Koutserimpas... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050567-i01\" position=\"float\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 19 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Cureus.; 15(12):e50567 | oa_package/a1/6d/PMC10788042.tar.gz |
PMC10788043 | 38222221 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Continuous laryngoscopy during exercise (CLE) is a test that uses a flexible distal-chip laryngoscope secured on a head apparatus, and it is usually performed in conjunction with the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in a laboratory setting. In addition to the baseline abnorm... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>This report describes our experience of managing two cases of children with inducible laryngeal obstruction due to various etiologies. Information provided by CLE influenced our therapeutic decisions for both patients. Several reports on the diagnostic use of CPET with CLE in pati... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p>Continuous laryngoscopy during exercise is a safe and well-tolerated tool that can help diagnose various degrees of dynamic laryngeal dysfunction that constitutes a serious problem among children and adolescents, severely impairing their quality of life. Appropriate evaluation an... | [
"<p>Exertional dyspnea is a common and disabling symptom in otherwise healthy children and adolescents, as well as in children with baseline airway abnormalities. It impairs the quality of life and may be associated with fatigue and underperformance in sports. Exertional dyspnea can be caused by a wide variety of s... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>Case one</p>",
"<p>A 12-year-old boy with a complex medical history of prematurity, severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, developmental delay, and prolonged mechanical ventilation presented with worsening exertional dyspnea. He had fixed obstruction of the airway at the supr... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Flow volume (FV) loop consistent with a fixed upper airway obstruction</title><p>The black line demonstrates a normal pattern of FV loop prediction based on age, height, and sex. The blue line is consistent with the fla... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Author Contributions</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p><bold>Concept and design:</bold> Tomas Leng, Sophia Pillai, Joshua Wiedermann, Shelagh Cofer</p><p><bold>Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data:</bold> Tomas Leng, Sophia Pillai</p><p><bold>Drafting of the manu... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050572-i01\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050572-i02\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050572-i03\" position=\"float\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050572-i01.mp4\" id=\"d64e186\" position=\"anchor\" mimetype=\"video\" mime-subtype=\"mp4\"/>",
"<media xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050572-i02.mp4\" id=\"d64e218\" position=\"anchor\" mimetype=\"video\" mime-subtype=\"mp4\"/>"
] | [{"label": ["6"], "article-title": ["Characteristics and impact of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction: an international perspective"], "source": ["ERJ Open Res"], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Walsted", "Famokunwa", "Andersen"], "given-names": ["ES", "B", "L"], "volume": ["7"], "year": ["2021"]}] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 13 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Cureus.; 15(12):e50572 | oa_package/0d/f3/PMC10788043.tar.gz |
PMC10788044 | 37191257 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Empowering the FMs of TBI patients has received little attention in nursing science. Most previous studies have focused on the needs of FMs (##UREF##3##de Goumoëns et al., 2018##; ##REF##29601345##Kreutzer et al., 2018##) and the relationships between life satisfaction (##REF##279... | [
"<title>Method</title>",
"<title>Design</title>",
"<p>This mixed-methods systematic review explored FMs’ perspective of empowering support in the acute phase of TBI patients’ hospitalization. A convergent integrated design approach was chosen because it enables gathering information about the care procedures th... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Study Selection</title>",
"<p>At the first stage of the data retrieval process, the number of hits within the search limits was 1500. After removing duplicates and records marked as ineligible, 907 articles remained. Of these, 873 articles were excluded based on the title and t... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<title>Summary of Findings</title>",
"<p>The findings of this systematic review outline the factors contributing to the empowering support of FMs while also describing the empowerment support from the FMs’ perspective during the acute phase of hospital care. We have defined the pro... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>This study provides a systematic overview of the factors contributing to FMs’ empowerment and describes the empowerment from the FMs perspectives. We can conclude that empowerment in the acute phase of TBI patient treatment consists of an interactive relationship between FMs and p... | [
"<p>This review aimed to identify and synthesize empowering support for the family members of patients in the acute phase of traumatic brain injury hospital treatment. CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Medic databases were searched from 2010 to 2021. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. Each article was critically ... | [
"<p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is functional or structural damage to the brain caused by a sudden external injury. TBI can be classified as a mild, moderate, or severe brain injury. Moderate and severe brain injuries in the acute phase often require hospital treatment (##REF##32035565##Capizzi et al., 2020##). Ap... | [
"<p>The authors wish to thank the Traumatic Brain Injury Association of Finland for their support, and the Carers Finland and The Finnish Nursing Education Foundation for funding this research.</p>",
"<title>Author Biographies</title>",
"<p><bold>Julia Lindlöf</bold>, RN, MSc, is a registered nurse who holds a ... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"fig1-10748407231171933\"><label>Figure 1.</label><caption><p>PRISMA Flowchart of the Selection of Included Articles (##UREF##16##Page et al., 2021##).</p><p><italic toggle=\"yes\">Note.</italic> PRISMA = Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.</p></caption><... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"table1-10748407231171933\"><label>Table 1.</label><caption><p>Search Strategies for the Systematic Mixed Methods Review.</p></caption><alternatives><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><colgroup span=\"1\"><col align=\"left\" span=\"1\"/><col align=\"char\" char=\".\" span=\... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material id=\"suppl1-10748407231171933\" position=\"float\" content-type=\"local-data\"><caption><title>sj-pdf-1-jfn-10.1177_10748407231171933 – Supplemental material for Empowering Support for Family Members of Brain Injury Patients in the Acute Phase of Hospital Care: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Re... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"table-fn1-10748407231171933\"><p><italic toggle=\"yes\">Note.</italic> PICO = population, intervention, control, and outcomes; TBI = traumatic brain injury.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"table-fn2-10748407231171933\"><p><italic toggle=\"yes\">Note.</italic> TBI... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"10.1177_10748407231171933-table1\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"10.1177_10748407231171933-table2\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"10.1177_10748407231171933-fig1\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"10.1177_10748407231171933-table3\" position=\"... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"sj-pdf-1-jfn-10.1177_10748407231171933.pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"sj-pdf-2-jfn-10.1177_10748407231171933.pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"mixed-citation": ["\n"], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Bellon", "Crocker", "Farnden", "Gardner", "Sando", "Peterson"], "given-names": ["M.", "R.", "J.", "J.", "S.", "C"], "year": ["2015"], "article-title": ["Family support needs following acquired brain injury across metropolitan and regional/remote south Aus... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 61 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | J Fam Nurs. 2024 Feb 16; 30(1):50-67 | oa_package/56/bf/PMC10788044.tar.gz |
PMC10788045 | 38222215 | [
"<title>Introduction and background</title>",
"<p>Incisional hernia (IH) is defined as an abdominal wall gap with or without a bulge at the site of a previous surgical scar detected by clinical examination or imaging [##REF##11405092##1##].</p>",
"<p>Complex IH</p>",
"<p>There is no clear-cut definition for t... | [] | [] | [] | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p>IH is a common complication after open and minimal access surgery with a multifactorial pathogenesis. The predisposing factors included inherent and modifiable ones. Elective repair would improve the QOL and prevent the sinister outcomes of emergency IH repair. Accordingly, the w... | [
"<p>Incisional hernia (IH) is a frequent complication following abdominal surgery. The development of IH could be more sophisticated than a simple anatomical failure of the abdominal wall. Reported IH incidence varies among studies. This review presented an overview of definitions, molecular basis, risk factors, in... | [
"<title>Review</title>",
"<p>Incidence</p>",
"<p>The reported incidence of IH in the current literature is quite variable, ranging from below 5% to as high as 70% in some series. This wide variation is attributed to the variation in the primary surgical pathology, surgical incision site and extent, associated m... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Author Contributions</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p><bold>Concept and design:</bold> Islam Omar, Tilemachos Zaimis, Jeremy Wilson, Conor Magee</p><p><bold>Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data:</bold> Islam Omar, Abby Townsend, Mohamed Ismaiel</p><p><bold>Draft... | [] | [] | [{"label": ["2"], "article-title": ["Complex incisional hernias"], "source": ["Arch Clin Gastroenterol"], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Scheuerlein"], "given-names": ["H"], "fpage": ["17"], "lpage": ["26"], "volume": ["2"], "year": ["2016"]}, {"label": ["3"], "article-title": ["Massive ventral hernia with loss o... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 95 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Cureus.; 15(12):e50568 | oa_package/54/89/PMC10788045.tar.gz |
PMC10788046 | 38041390 | [] | [
"<title>Method</title>",
"<p>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 involved the cultural and linguistic adaptation of the ICE-EFFQ to European Portuguese comprising a cycle of translation and back-translation, followed by the linguistic screening and cultural adaptation, perform... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>Participants were recruited in the health centers (66.1%) and psychiatric hospitals (33.9%) of RAM, by mental health specialist nurses (61.2%), general nurses (32.1%), and family doctors (6.6%). In ##TAB##0##Table 1##, gender, age, civil status, education level, family relationship t... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Nurses who work with families dealing with acute or chronic illnesses need to know the effects of their interventions on families. Valid and reliable instruments that can measure family functioning, including expressive functioning, therapeutic change, and the results of nursing i... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Family functioning is a concept that has been widely studied in social science research, health care, and nursing sciences. Valid and reliable instruments from the areas of sociology and health sciences have been applied by nurses to assess family functioning in healthy families. ... | [
"<p>A family’s experience of mental illness can change the family’s functioning. In clinical contexts, valid and reliable instruments that assess family functioning, therapeutic changes, and the effects of family nursing interventions are needed. This study focuses on the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the I... | [
"<p>Mental illness is a family affair (##UREF##23##Price et al., 2021##; ##UREF##34##Wright & Bell, 2021##; ##UREF##35##Wright & Leahey, 2013##) which may cause changes in family functioning (##UREF##13##MacFarlane, 2003##; ##REF##18281643##Marshall & Harper-Jaques, 2008##; ##REF##34360277##Sell et al.,... | [
"<p>Special acknowledgment is given to the families who took part in this study, to the mental health nurses and the general care nurses who took part in the families’ recruitment and data collection, and to all the experts who contributed to the questionnaire’s translation, cultural adaptation, and content and con... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"fig1-10748407231205038\"><label>Figure 1.</label><caption><p>Translation and cross-cultural adaptation process of ICE-EFFQ into European Portuguese.</p><p><italic toggle=\"yes\">Note.</italic> ICE-EFFQ = Iceland-Expressive Family Functioning Questionnaire.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"table1-10748407231205038\"><label>Table 1.</label><caption><p>Characteristics of the Participants (<italic toggle=\"yes\">N</italic> = 121).</p></caption><alternatives><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><colgroup span=\"1\"><col align=\"left\" span=\"1\"/><col align=\"char... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"table-fn1-10748407231205038\"><p><italic toggle=\"yes\">Note. h</italic><sup>2</sup> = Communalities.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"table-fn2-10748407231205038\"><p><italic toggle=\"yes\">Note.</italic> χ<sup>2</sup>/<italic toggle=\"yes\">df</italic> = Chi-squ... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"10.1177_10748407231205038-fig1\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"10.1177_10748407231205038-table1\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"10.1177_10748407231205038-table2\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"10.1177_10748407231205038-table3\" position=\"... | [] | [{"mixed-citation": ["\n"], "collab": ["American Psychiatric Association"], "year": ["1994"], "source": ["Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders"], "edition": ["4th ed."]}, {"mixed-citation": ["\n"], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Cronbach"], "given-names": ["L. J."], "year": ["1990"], "source": ["... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 73 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | J Fam Nurs. 2024 Feb 1; 30(1):7-29 | oa_package/c7/9c/PMC10788046.tar.gz |
PMC10788047 | 38222191 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Recurrent shoulder dislocation is a debilitating condition that significantly affects the quality of life of affected individuals. Bilateral involvement is rare but can lead to severe functional limitations [##REF##32774653##1##]. While conservative management is typically attem... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Although bilateral shoulder dislocation is most often posterior, there are a few cases of bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation reported in the literature. They are the result of high-energy trauma, most often during high-speed sports accidents [##REF##32774653##1##]. In young p... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p>This case report underscores the successful management of recurrent bilateral shoulder dislocation through a bilateral open Latarjet procedure. This surgical intervention significantly benefited the patient by facilitating an earlier return to sports activities. It proved to be a... | [
"<p>Recurrent shoulder dislocation is a common orthopedic condition, but bilateral involvement is rare and presents unique challenges in management. The Latarjet procedure is an effective surgical technique that addresses instability by creating a bony block on the anterior glenoid rim. This case highlights the suc... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A 24-year-old male patient, a boxing instructor by profession, presented to our orthopedic clinic with a complaint of recurrent shoulder dislocation in both shoulders. The patient reported that the initial injury occurred during a football match five years ago when he fell ... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>CT scan coronal view of right shoulder showing Bankart lesion (blue arrow) and Hill-Sach lesion (red arrow).</title></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG2\"><label>Figure 2</label><... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Author Contributions</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p><bold>Concept and design:</bold> Kumarendran Kanesen, Raymond Dieu Kiat Yeak , Johan Abdul Kahar, Mohd Nizlan Mohd Nasir</p><p><bold>Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data:</bold> Kumarendran Kanesen, Raymond D... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050569-i01\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050569-i02\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050569-i03\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050569-i04\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<gr... | [] | [{"label": ["7"], "article-title": ["Recurrent dislocation of the shoulder [Article in French]"], "source": ["Tech Chir Orthop Paris: Encycl Med Chir"], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Patte", "Debeyre"], "given-names": ["D", "J"], "fpage": ["44"], "lpage": ["52"], "volume": ["44265"], "year": ["1980"]}] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 9 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Cureus.; 15(12):e50569 | oa_package/0d/08/PMC10788047.tar.gz |
PMC10788048 | 38222135 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Children experiencing head trauma are particularly prone to skull fractures. Skull fractures in the pediatric population cause morbidity and mortality [##REF##23602429##1##, ####REF##24905840##2##, ##REF##14520321##3##, ##UREF##0##4####0##4##]. Isolated skull fractures are commo... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<p>After institutional review board approval (FWA#00009807), we screened all patients, 0 to 5 years of age, who presented to the ED between the 1st of January 2015 and the 30th of December 2021, and we reviewed their medical records all patients with the following characte... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>We identified 26 children with isolated skull fractures and normal neurological examination (Table ##TAB##1##2##).</p>",
"<p>The average age of children presenting to the ED with overall head trauma (both with and without skull fracture) was 1.0±1.3 years old. In the 26 patients wi... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>In the pediatric population, head trauma often results in skull fractures. Pediatric skull fractures require age-specific treatment and should not have the same treatment plan as adult fractures. Unlike their adult, the pediatric skull has a greater capacity to remodel; concurrent... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p>This limited dataset suggests that isolated, linear, non-displaced skull fractures with intact neurologic examination in children are at low risk for complications. This raises the question of whether these children need to be transferred to a pediatric trauma center or could be ... | [
"<p>Introduction</p>",
"<p>Young children experiencing head trauma are prone to skull fractures. Pediatric skull fractures are distinct from adults as they have a greater capacity to undergo remodeling. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether children with isolated skull fractures without an underlyin... | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"TAB1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Discharge criteria for non-displaced, isolated skull fracture pediatric patients</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><tbody><tr style=\"background-color:#ccc\"><td rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\">No significant extra... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Human Ethics</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p>Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Office of the Institutional Review Board at Lincoln Medical Center issued approval FWA#00009807</p></fn></fn-group>",
"<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Ani... | [] | [] | [{"label": ["4"], "article-title": ["Pediatric Skull Fractures"], "source": ["StatPearls"], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["McGrath", "Taylor"], "given-names": ["A", "RS"], "publisher-loc": ["Treasure Island (FL)"], "publisher-name": ["StatPearls Publishing"], "year": ["2023"], "uri": ["https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 18 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:48 | Cureus.; 15(12):e50571 | oa_package/f5/77/PMC10788048.tar.gz |
PMC10788057 | 38222091 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to unprecedented, accelerated vaccine development (##REF##35127995##1##) and expansive roll-out programs (##REF##33686204##2##, ##UREF##0##3##). Much of the global population now has some le... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>A composite CoR would be helpful particularly for high-risk groups, such as solid organ transplant recipients (##REF##36799932##157##), and those in occupations with high risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. However, whether a composite CoR would operate at the individual or population... | [] | [
"<p>Edited by: Ritthideach Yorsaeng, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand</p>",
"<p>Reviewed by: Igor Stoma, Gomel State Medical University, Belarus; Giulia Piccini, Vismederi srl, Italy</p>",
"<p>Much of the global population now has some level of adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 induced by exposure to the virus ... | [
"<title>A composite CoR: a brief summary of extrinsic viral and intrinsic host elements that should be considered</title>",
"<title>Variation in exposure dose and transmission route</title>",
"<p>Viral load varies widely between infected individuals and over time (##REF##34035154##36##), with viral emissions in... | [
"<p>The authors thank Corrinne Segal of Elements Communications Limited (London, United Kingdom) for editorial assistance. This article has previously been submitted to the Authorea preprint server and can be found at <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169412008.83234734/v1\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">h... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Summary of host and viral elements that can impact the immune response and response to SARS-CoV-2 (selected examples, not exhaustive, variables ordered alphabetically within figure [not according to importance]). <bold>(A)</bold> Viral factors ... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Selection of peer-reviewed publications assessing reinfection or risk of severe COVID-19 after natural infection (ordered by study end date, earliest to most recent).</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th ro... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>1</sup>Derived as 1− adjusted relative risk. The rates of infection during the second surge were compared across those with a positive or negative PCR test from the first surge. The rate of infection was calculated as the number of individuals with positive PCR tests during the second surg... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"fpubh-11-1290402-g001\" position=\"float\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["3."], "surname": ["Hale", "Petherick", "Anania", "Andretti", "Angrist", "Barnes"], "given-names": ["T", "A", "J", "B", "Noam", "Roy"], "source": ["Variation in government responses to COVID-19"], "year": ["2022"], "ext-link": ["www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/covidtracker"]}, {"label": ["22."], "collab": ["World Health O... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 161 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:49 | Front Public Health. 2023 Dec 28; 11:1290402 | oa_package/fd/61/PMC10788057.tar.gz |
PMC10788079 | 38222243 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>The incidence of syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the spirochete bacterium <italic>Treponema pallidum</italic>, continues to rise in the United States at an alarming rate. In the year 2000, the reported rate of infection was 11.2 per 100,000; in 2021, i... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The incidence of sexually transmitted infections in the United States has steadily increased over the past decade [##REF##33492089##3##]. Although primary and secondary (P&S) syphilitic infections reached an all-time reported low in the year 2000, by 2017, cases had increased ... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p>This case documents an atypical, painful presentation of anal syphilis in a young HIV-negative woman whose only risk factor appears to have been multiple sexual partners. Ultimately, the detection and timely treatment of P&S syphilis relies on data from a comprehensive clinic... | [
"<p>Anorectal syphilis is relatively uncommon and diagnostically challenging given the wide differential diagnosis for anal lesions. Risk factors, such as men who have sex with men or HIV-positive status, are especially important to elicit from patients during the clinical history. In this report, we present a rare... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A 23-year-old otherwise healthy woman was referred to the outpatient colorectal surgery clinic for evaluation of a painful perianal lesion that had been present for two months. The patient’s pain was localized to the anal verge and exacerbated during defecation. The patient... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Syphilitic perianal ulcers</title><p>A, Shallow perianal ulcers with sharp borders were identified. These lesions were painful to touch and weeping clear fluid. B, Histopathologic review of a tissue biopsy showed inflam... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Author Contributions</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p><bold>Concept and design:</bold> Meredith Pittman, Yu Shia Lin</p><p><bold>Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data:</bold> Meredith Pittman, Jenna Kroeker, Jose Lopez, Diego Castellon, Yu Shia Lin, Rebecca Rhee<... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050575-i01\" position=\"float\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["1"], "article-title": ["Syphilis surveillance supplemental slides, 2016-2020"], "source": ["Services"], "date-in-citation": ["\n"], "month": ["8"], "year": ["2023", "2022"], "uri": ["https://www.cdc.gov/std/statistics/syphilis-supplement/default.htm"]}, {"label": ["4"], "article-title": ["Syphilis laborato... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 12 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:49 | Cureus.; 15(12):e50575 | oa_package/a7/af/PMC10788079.tar.gz |
PMC10788080 | 38222231 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is an uncommon mechanical complication of myocardial infarction that occurs between the third and fifth day of evolution and is usually complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) resulting in high in-hospital mortality [##REF##34016403##1##,##REF##374... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The ideal timing of surgical intervention for post-myocardial infarction VSR complicated by CS remains controversial, as higher mortality has been reported when surgery is performed acutely compared to delayed intervention [##REF##34016403##1##]. It has been reported that surgery ... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p>The reasonable use of VA ECMO as a bridge to delayed surgery for post-myocardial infarction VSR complicated by CS has shown benefits in survival and postoperative outcome; however, the optimal timing of surgery remains controversial, reflecting the complexity of these cases.</p>"... | [
"<p>Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) after myocardial infarction is often complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) with high in-hospital mortality rates. Early use of preoperative venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) and delayed surgical repair have demonstrated lower mortality rates; however, th... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A 53-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with oppressive chest pain associated with dyspnea for three days. His medical history was significant for hypertension and heavy smoking. Physical examination revealed a left parasternal holosystolic murmur and crackles in the... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Transesophageal echocardiography.</title><p>(A) Large and complex ventricular septal rupture (VSR) of 17 mm (yellow arrow). (B) Color Doppler in the area of the VSR with a left-to-right shunt (white arrow).</p></caption... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Author Contributions</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p><bold>Concept and design:</bold> Juan Manuel Muñoz-Moreno, Maria Rojas-Espinoza, Celia Aguilar-Mejía</p><p><bold>Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data:</bold> Juan Manuel Muñoz-Moreno, Maria Rojas-Espinoza, Ce... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050574-i01\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050574-i02\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050574-i03\" position=\"float\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 7 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:49 | Cureus.; 15(12):e50574 | oa_package/6b/42/PMC10788080.tar.gz |
PMC10788081 | 38222200 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology showing bimodal age distribution; Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and adult form dermatomyositis. In the absence of cutaneous changes, the term polymyositis is used [##REF##5946688##1##]. Cutaneous ma... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Although both dermatomyositis and polymyositis are considered a spectrum of the same disease entity, the pathophysiology of tissue destruction was discovered recently to be different. Muscle fiber degeneration and necrosis are mediated by cytotoxic T-cells, whereas cutaneous chang... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p>JDM cutaneous features are variable but rarely present with generalized poikeloderma. It is important to encourage clinicians to share their experience in JDM atypical presentations to reach the goal of easier and earlier detection of the disease. A definitive diagnosis of amyopa... | [
"<p>Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder and is considered the most common form of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. JDM primarily affects the skin and the skeletal muscles. Characteristic signs and symptoms include Gottron papules, heliotrope rash, calcinosis cutis, and sy... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A 14-month-old female toddler, not known to have medical illnesses, presented to our clinic with generalized progressive asymptomatic skin lesions that started when she was seven months old. Her perinatal history was uneventful. Systemic review did not reveal a change in th... | [
"<p>The authors provide special thanks to Rheumatology, Radiology and Pathology Departments at King Abdulaziz Hospital for their evident interest and help in making this case report happen.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Generalized poikiloderma affecting all extremities.</title></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"anchor\" fig-type=\"figure\" id=\"FIG2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><title>Closer view of poikiloderma. </title></cap... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group content-type=\"other\"><title>Author Contributions</title><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p><bold>Concept and design:</bold> Sarah Alaboud, Khalid Al Hawsawi, Nouf Alqahtani, Waseem K. Alhawsawi, Wafi Al Hawsawi, Mohammad Aldosari</p><p><bold>Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data:</bold> Sarah Alabou... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050573-i01\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050573-i02\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050573-i03\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"cureus-0015-00000050573-i04\" position=\"float\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 7 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:49 | Cureus.; 15(12):e50573 | oa_package/7e/2c/PMC10788081.tar.gz |
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