title stringlengths 0 291 | content stringlengths 0 1M |
|---|---|
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern | former schoolmates of the title character in Shakespeare's Hamlet. Unaware of the true reason they have been summoned, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are commissioned to spy on Hamlet.
Minor figures in Shakespeare, the pair are the central characters in Tom Stoppard's play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (produced ... |
Othello | a Moorish general in the service of Venice in Shakespeare's Othello. Driven by jealousy that has been skillfully manipulated, Othello takes the life of Desdemona, his doting wife, and then his own. |
Othello | tragedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written in 1603–04 and published in 1622 in a quarto edition from a transcript of an authorial manuscript. The text published in the First Folio of 1623 seems to have been based on a version revised by Shakespeare himself that sticks close to the original almost line by line... |
Much Ado About Nothing | comedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written probably in 1598–99 and printed in a quarto edition from the author's own manuscript in 1600. The play takes an ancient theme—that of a woman falsely accused of unfaithfulness—to brilliant comedic heights. Shakespeare used as his main source for the Claudio-Hero plot ... |
Oberon | king of the fairies in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. Oberon's conflict with his wife, Titania, sets the play's action in motion. The character of Oberon was derived largely from Lord Berners's prose translation of the medieval French poem Huon de Bordeaux, though it also contains elements of Greek mythology—... |
King John | chronicle play in five acts by William Shakespeare, written perhaps in 1594–96 and published in the First Folio of 1623 from an authorial manuscript that may have been copied and supplied with some theatrical touches. The source of the play was a two-part drama generally known as The Troublesome Raigne of John King of ... |
Children of Paul's | troupe of boy actors, one of the children's companies popular in Elizabethan England. Affiliated with St. Paul's Cathedral, the group performed in a biblical play as early as 1378. The theatrical company as such was formed under the direction (1577–82) of Sebastian Westcott. The Children of Paul's frequently performed ... |
Measure for Measure | a “dark” comedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written about 1603–04 and published in the First Folio of 1623 from a transcript of an authorial draft. The play examines the complex interplay of mercy and justice. Shakespeare adapted the story from Epitia, a tragedy by Italian dramatist Giambattista Giraldi (also ... |
Richard II | chronicle play in five acts by William Shakespeare, written in 1595–96 and published in a quarto edition in 1597 and in the First Folio of 1623. The quarto edition omits the deposition scene in Act IV, almost certainly as a result of censorship. The play is the first in a sequence of four history plays (the other three... |
Regan | the king's deceitful middle daughter in Shakespeare's tragedy King Lear. |
Troilus and Cressida | Troilus and Cressida (Act V, scene II), engraving by L. Schiavonelli after a painting by …drama in five acts by William Shakespeare, written about 1601–02 and printed in a quarto edition in two different “states” in 1609, probably from the author's working draft. The editors of the First Folio of 1623 may have had copy... |
Weird Sisters | Macbeth visits the Weird Sisters (Three Witches) on the blasted heath; title page by John Gilbert …the creatures who prophesy the destinies of the main characters in Shakespeare's Macbeth. The term Weird Sisters was first used by Scots writers as a sobriquet for the Fates of Greek and Roman mythology. Through its appea... |
Viola | a shipwrecked young woman, later disguised as the young man Cesario, in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. Viola-Cesario stands at the centre of the play as Shakespeare's example of reason, intelligence, self-control, and mature love. For her moral stature and wit, Viola ranks with Portia and Rosalind, two other great female... |
Cordelia | the king's youngest and only honourable daughter in Shakespeare's tragedy King Lear. Her enduring love for Lear is evident at their tender and emotional reunion near the end of the play, when she cries,Was this a faceTo be opposed against the warring winds?To stand against the deep dread-bolted thunder?In the most terr... |
Merry Wives of Windsor, The | comedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written sometime between 1597 and 1601 (probably near the earlier of these dates), that centres on the comic romantic misadventures of Falstaff. The Merry Wives of Windsor was published in a quarto edition in 1602 from a reported and abbreviated text. The First Folio version ... |
Caesar, Julius | Roman general and statesman in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. Shakespeare's portrayal of the celebrated Roman ruler is an ambiguous one, stressing Caesar's weaknesses as well as his noble qualities. Cassius reveals the feelings of the conspirators when he describes Caesar in this way:Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow... |
Two Gentlemen of Verona, The | an early play in five acts by William Shakespeare, written perhaps in 1590–94 and published in the First Folio of 1623 from an authorial manuscript. It is a pastoral story about two young friends who travel to Milan, where they are educated in courtly behaviour.
The main source of the play's plot was a translation of a... |
Friar Laurence | a well-intentioned but foolish Franciscan priest in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. |
Pericles | play in five acts by William Shakespeare, written about 1606–08 and published in a quarto edition in 1609, a defective and at times nearly unintelligible text that shows signs of having been memorially reconstructed. The editors of the First Folio of 1623 did not include Pericles in that edition, which suggests that th... |
Romeo | son of the Montagues who is the ardent, poetic protagonist in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. Romeo's lovesick speech at Juliet's balcony is a classic of love literature. |
Romeo and Juliet | play by William Shakespeare, written about 1594–96 and first published in an unauthorized quarto in 1597. An authorized quarto appeared in 1599, substantially longer and more reliable. A third quarto, based on the second, was used by the editors of the First Folio of 1623. The characters of Romeo and Juliet have been d... |
Rosalind | a witty and intelligent young woman, the daughter of the deposed Duke Senior, in Shakespeare's As You Like It. One of Shakespeare's most notable female characters, Rosalind (disguised as a young man named Ganymede) offers wise counsel to the lovesick Orlando: “Men have died from time to time, and worms have eaten them,... |
Taming of the Shrew, The | comedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written sometime in 1590–94 and first printed in the First Folio of 1623. The play describes the volatile courtship between the shrewish Katharina (Kate) and the canny Petruchio, who is determined to subdue Katharina's legendary temper and win her dowry. The main story is off... |
Titus Andronicus | an early, experimental tragedy by William Shakespeare, written sometime in 1589–92 and published in a quarto edition from an incomplete draft in 1594. The First Folio version was prepared from a copy of the quarto, with additions from a manuscript that had been used as a promptbook. The play's crude, melodramatic style... |
Twelfth Night | comedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written about 1600–02 and printed in the First Folio of 1623 from a transcript of an authorial draft or possibly a playbook. One of Shakespeare's finest comedies, Twelfth Night precedes the great tragedies and problem plays in order of composition. The original source appears... |
Two Noble Kinsmen, The | tragicomedy in five acts by William Shakespeare and John Fletcher. The play was probably written and first performed about 1612–14. It was published in quarto in 1634 with a title page identifying Fletcher and Shakespeare as joint authors. It was included in the second folio of works by Fletcher and Francis Beaumont in... |
boron carbide | (B4C), crystalline compound of boron and carbon. It is an extremely hard, synthetically produced material that is used in abrasive and wear-resistant products, in lightweight composite materials, and in control rods for nuclear power generation.
With a Mohs hardness between 9 and 10, boron carbide is one of the hardest... |
Juliet | daughter of the Capulets who is one of the two “star-crossed” lovers in Shakespeare's tragedy Romeo and Juliet. Juliet's musing on the balcony—O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?Deny thy father and refuse thy name!Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,And I'll no longer be a Capulet.
—is overheard by Romeo a... |
Antony and Cleopatra | tragedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written in 1606–07 and published in the First Folio of 1623 from an authorial draft in a more finished state than most of his working papers or possibly from a transcript of those papers not yet prepared as a playbook. It is considered one of Shakespeare's richest and most m... |
Freeman, Bud | American jazz musician, who, along with Coleman Hawkins, was one of the first tenor saxophonists in jazz.
Freeman was one of the young musicians inspired by New Orleans ensembles and the innovations of Louis Armstrong to synthesize the Chicago style in the late 1920s. By the 1930s he was working in New York City, typic... |
Haden, Charlie | American bass virtuoso and bandleader, known particularly as a pioneer of free jazz in the 1960s. He remains among the most influential bassists in the jazz world.
From age two Haden sang with his family's country music band on Midwestern radio and television programs. After graduating from high school in Missouri, he ... |
Lang, Eddie | American musician, among the first guitar soloists in jazz and an accompanist of rare sensitivity.
Lang began playing violin in boyhood; his father, who made fretted stringed instruments, taught him to play guitar. In the early 1920s he played with former schoolmate Joe Venuti in Atlantic City, N.J., and then toured wi... |
Mangelsdorff, Albert | German trombonist, who began playing bop and in time became an outstanding modal, free jazz, and jazz-rock improviser. He was among the first post-World War II European jazz musicians to create original music.
With his brother Emil (later known as an alto saxophonist), Albert attended secret meetings of the Hot Club of... |
Cymbeline | comedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, one of his later plays, written in 1608–10 and published in the First Folio of 1623 from a careful transcript of an authorial manuscript incorporating a theatrical playbook that had included many authorial stage directions. Set in the pre-Christian Roman world, Cymbeline draw... |
Love's Labour's Lost | early comedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written sometime between 1588 and 1597, more likely in the early 1590s, and published in a quarto edition in 1598, with a title page suggesting that an earlier quarto had been lost. The 1598 quarto was printed seemingly from an authorial working draft showing signs of r... |
Macbeth, Lady | wife of Macbeth in Shakespeare's Macbeth. A strong, rational, and calculating woman, Lady Macbeth is determined to see her husband put aside his “milk of human kindness” to fulfill their ambitions to rule. |
Macbeth | tragedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written sometime in 1606–07 and published in the First Folio of 1623 from a playbook or a transcript of one. Some portions of the original text are corrupted or missing from the published edition. The play is the shortest of Shakespeare's tragedies, without diversions or sub... |
Coriolanus | the last of the so-called political tragedies by William Shakespeare, written about 1608 and published in the First Folio of 1623 seemingly from the playbook, which had preserved some features of the authorial manuscript. The five-act play, based on the life of Gnaeus Marcius Coriolanus, a legendary Roman hero of the l... |
Macbeth | a general in King Duncan's army who is spurred on by the prophecy of the Weird Sisters and personal ambition to change the course of Scotland's succession in Shakespeare's Macbeth. At the outset of the play, Macbeth is a brave, trusted, and respected soldier. He is undone by his inability to hold his own moral ground a... |
Hall, Edward | English historian whose chronicle was one of the chief sources of William Shakespeare's history plays.
Educated at Eton and at King's College, Cambridge, Hall became common sergeant of London in 1533 and undersheriff in 1535. He was also a member of Parliament for Wenlock (1529) and Bridgnorth (1542) in Shropshire. The... |
Timon of Athens | Frank Benson as Timon in Timon of Athens, c. 1890.tragedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, probably written sometime in 1605–08 and published in the First Folio of 1623 from an authorial manuscript, probably unfinished. Some parts of the play may be by Thomas Middleton. It belongs to Shakespeare's late experimental... |
Caliban | a feral, sullen, misshapen creature in Shakespeare's The Tempest. The son of the sorceress Sycorax, Caliban is the sole inhabitant of his island (excluding the imprisoned Ariel) until Prospero and his infant daughter Miranda are cast ashore. Shakespeare gives Caliban some complexity, with the result that the character ... |
Midsummer Night's Dream, A | comedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written about 1595–96 and published in 1600 in a quarto edition from the author's manuscript, in which there are some minor inconsistencies. The version published in the First Folio of 1623 was taken from a second quarto edition, with some reference to a promptbook. One of th... |
Prospero | the exiled rightful duke of Milan and a master magician in Shakespeare's The Tempest. Prospero has used the experience of shipwreck on an enchanted island to master all sorts of supernatural powers. He uses this knowledge to transform the island and its inhabitants and eventually to reconcile with his usurping brother ... |
Tempest, The | drama in five acts by William Shakespeare, first written and performed about 1611 and published in the First Folio of 1623 from an edited transcript, by Ralph Crane (scrivener of the King's Men), of the author's papers after they had been annotated for production.
The play opens with a storm raised by Prospero, who yea... |
Braxton, Anthony | American composer and woodwind improviser, one of the most prolific artists in free jazz.
Braxton, who named John Coltrane, Warne Marsh, and Paul Desmond among his inspirations, began playing alto saxophone in his teens and continued to play in a U.S. Army band. In 1966 he joined the groundbreaking free-jazz cooperativ... |
Konitz, Lee | American jazz musician, a leading figure in cool jazz and one of the most distinctive alto saxophonists.
Konitz attended Roosevelt University in Chicago and played alto saxophone in the Claude Thornhill band (1947–48), before settling in New York City. Influenced by pianist Lennie Tristano, he developed his mature styl... |
Tristano, Lennie | American jazz pianist, a major figure of cool jazz and an influential teacher.
Tristano, who became totally blind as a child, began playing piano in taverns at age 12. He grew up in Chicago, where he studied at the American Conservatory of Music (B.Mus, 1943) and was a noted performer and teacher before moving to New Y... |
Henry V | chronicle play in five acts by William Shakespeare, first performed in 1599 and published in 1600 in a corrupt quarto edition; the text in the First Folio of 1623, printed seemingly from an authorial manuscript, is substantially longer and more reliable. Henry V is the last in a sequence of four plays (the others being... |
Winter's Tale, The | play in five acts by William Shakespeare, written about 1609–11 and produced at the Globe Theatre in London. It was published in the First Folio of 1623 from a transcript, by Ralph Crane (scrivener of the King's Men), of an authorial manuscript or possibly the playbook. One of Shakespeare's final plays, The Winter's Ta... |
Tigray | people of central Eritrea and of the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. The Tigray speak Tigrinya, a Semitic language related to Geʿez and to Tigré, the language of a separate people (the Tigre) inhabiting northwestern Eritrea.
The Tigray are descendants of a Semitic people who intermixed with the Cushitic inhabitants... |
Merchant of Venice, The | comedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written about 1596–97 and printed in a quarto edition in 1600 from an authorial manuscript or copy of one.
Bassanio, a noble but penniless Venetian, asks his wealthy merchant friend Antonio for a loan so that Bassanio can undertake a journey to woo the heiress Portia. Antonio... |
Ramos-Horta, José | East Timorese political activist who, along with Bishop Carlos F.X. Belo, received the 1996 Nobel Prize for Peace for their efforts to bring peace and independence to East Timor, a former Portuguese possession that was under Indonesian control from 1975 to 1999. Ramos-Horta served as prime minister of East Timor from 2... |
Lee, David M. | American physicist who, with Robert C. Richardson and Douglas D. Osheroff, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1996 for their joint discovery of superfluidity in the isotope helium-3.
Lee received a bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1952 and a Ph.D. in physics from Yale University in 1959. He joined t... |
Marsh, Warne | American tenor saxophonist, a jazz musician noted for his devotion to purely lyrical improvisation.
Marsh played in Hoagy Carmichael's Teenagers (1945) before serving in the U.S. Army. In 1948 he became a student of Lennie Tristano, who was the principal influence upon his art. He played with Tristano from 1949 to 1952... |
Pepper, Art | American jazz musician noted for the beauty of his sound and his improvisations on alto saxophone, and a major figure in the 1950s in West Coast jazz (see cool jazz).
Pepper in his teens played in Los Angeles bands led by Lee Young and Benny Carter, then joined the Stan Kenton band briefly before serving in the U.S. Ar... |
Shepp, Archie | African American tenor saxophonist, composer, dramatist, teacher, and pioneer of the free jazz movement, known not only for his creative improvisation and colourful sound but also for his Afrocentric approach to music.
Shepp grew up in Philadelphia and attended Goddard College (B.A., 1959), Plainfield, Vermont. He bega... |
Threadgill, Henry | African-American improviser, composer, and bandleader, an important figure in free jazz in the late 20th century.
Threadgill studied at the American Conservatory of Music in Chicago and Governors State University, University Park, Ill. In the 1960s he played gospel music on a national tour, rock music in a U.S. Army en... |
Akzo Nobel NV | diversified Dutch manufacturer of paints, coatings, and chemicals. The company was formed from the merger of Akzo NV and the Swedish firm Nobel Industries AB in 1994. Its headquarters are in Amsterdam.
Akzo NV had its origins in the German chemical manufacturer Vereinigte Glanzstoff-Fabriken, which was formed in 1899 a... |
Talbot, Mary Anne | British woman who served in the English army and navy disguised as a man. She was later known as the “British Amazon.”
Talbot's mother died at her birth, and she believed herself to be the illegitimate child of William Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot. She was seduced in 1792 by Captain Essex Bowen and accompanied him to Santo ... |
Ethiopian Plateau | highlands covering much of Ethiopia and central Eritrea. They consist of the rugged Western Highlands and the more limited Eastern Highlands. The two sections are separated by the vast Eastern Rift Valley, which cuts across Ethiopia from southwest to northeast. The Western Highlands extend from central Eritrea and nort... |
Lord Strange's Men | prominent Elizabethan acting company. A household troupe of Lord Strange, they toured the provinces before appearing at court in 1582. From 1588 to 1594 they were associated with the Admiral's Men. It has been suggested that Lord Strange's Men were the first to employ William Shakespeare, though his role in the company... |
Amistad mutiny | Portrait of Joseph Cinqué, leader of the revolt aboard the slave ship …(July 2, 1839), slave rebellion that took place on the slave ship Amistad near the coast of Cuba and had important political and legal repercussions in the American abolition movement. The mutineers were captured and tried in the United States, and ... |
boron nitride | (chemical formula BN), synthetically produced crystalline compound of boron and nitrogen, an industrial ceramic material of limited but important application, principally in electrical insulators and cutting tools. It is made in two crystallographic forms, hexagonal boron nitride (H-BN) and cubic boron nitride (C-BN).
... |
Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians | (AACM), cooperative organization of musicians, including several major figures of free jazz. The musical innovations of the AACM members became important influences on the idiom's development.
Of the approximately three dozen Chicago musicians who formed the AACM, most had played in an early 1960s rehearsal band led by... |
Vickers hardness | a measure of the hardness of a material, calculated from the size of an impression produced under load by a pyramid-shaped diamond indenter. Devised in the 1920s by engineers at Vickers, Ltd., in the United Kingdom, the diamond pyramid hardness test, as it also became known, permitted the establishment of a continuous ... |
Knoop hardness | a measure of the hardness of a material, calculated by measuring the indentation produced by a diamond tip that is pressed onto the surface of a sample. The test was devised in 1939 by F. Knoop and colleagues at the National Bureau of Standards in the United States. By using lower indentation pressures than the Vickers... |
Borchert, Wolfgang | playwright and short-story writer who gave voice to the anguish of the German soldier after World War II.
As a young man Borchert wrote several plays and a large number of poems, but he was determined to be an actor. In 1941 he was drafted into the army. The rigours of his army service resulted in jaundice, frostbite, ... |
Bukowski, Charles | American author noted for his use of violent images and graphic language in poetry and fiction that depict survival in a corrupt, blighted society.
Bukowski lived most of his life in Los Angeles. He briefly attended Los Angeles City College (1939–41) and worked at menial jobs while writing short stories, the first of w... |
Calisher, Hortense | American writer of novels, novellas, and short stories, known for the elegant style and insightful rendering of characters in her often semiautobiographical short fiction, much of which was published originally in The New Yorker.
The daughter of an uprooted Southern father and a German immigrant mother, Calisher had a ... |
Campana, Dino | innovative Italian lyric poet who is almost as well known for his tragic, flamboyant personality as for his controversial writings.
Campana began to show signs of mental instability in his early teens. He studied chemistry intermittently at the University of Bologna but failed to graduate. Thereafter he began a wanderi... |
Colegate, Isabel | British author of novels about life among the upper classes in England during the 20th century.
At the age of 19 Colegate began working as an assistant to literary agent Anthony Blond; when Blond became a publisher, one of the first books he brought out was Colgate's first novel, The Blackmailer (1958). Her next novel,... |
Crane, R.S. | American literary critic who was a leading figure of the Neo-Aristotelian Chicago school. His landmark book, The Languages of Criticism and the Structure of Poetry (1953), formed the theoretical basis of the group. Although Crane was an outspoken opponent of the New Criticism, he argued persuasively for a pluralism tha... |
Diego, Gerardo | Spanish musicologist and prolific, innovative poet.
Diego received a doctorate from the University of Madrid in 1920. During the 1920s he wrote experimental poetry and joined the avant-garde Ultraísmo and Creacionismo movements. He taught for a time in the ancient town of Soria in north-central Spain; the location insp... |
Barthelme, Frederick | American writer of short stories and novels featuring characters who are shaped by the impersonal suburban environments in which they live.
Brother of writer Donald Barthelme, Frederick attended Tulane University, the University of Houston, and Johns Hopkins University, where he received his M.A. (1977). Rangoon, a col... |
Bowles, Paul | American-born composer, translator, and author of novels and short stories in which violent events and psychological collapse are recounted in a detached and elegant style. His protagonists are often Europeans or Americans who are maimed by their contact with powerful traditional cultures.
Bowles began publishing Surre... |
Cassola, Carlo | Italian Neorealist novelist who portrayed the landscapes and the ordinary people of rural Tuscany in simple prose. The lack of action and the emphasis on detail in his books caused him to be regarded as a forerunner of the French nouveau roman, or antinovel.
After studying at the University of Rome, Cassola fought with... |
Beattie, Ann | American writer of short stories and novels whose characters, having come of age in the 1960s, often have difficulties adjusting to the cultural values of later generations.
Beattie graduated from the American University in Washington, D.C., in 1969 and received a Master of Arts degree from the University of Connecticu... |
Bertolucci, Attilio | Italian poet, literary critic, and translator. His verse is noted for its lyric accessibility, which was a departure from the Hermetic tradition.
At age 18 Bertolucci published Sirio (1929; “Sirius”), a volume of 27 poems set in his native region of Italy. After attending the University of Parma (1931–35), where he stu... |
Booth, Wayne C. | American critic and teacher associated with the Chicago school of literary criticism.
Booth attended Brigham Young University in Salt Lake City, Utah (B.A., 1944), and the University of Chicago (M.A., 1947; Ph.D., 1950), where he became devoted to neo-Aristotelian critical methods while studying with R.S. Crane. He tau... |
Bloom, Harold | American literary critic known for his innovative interpretations of literary history and of the creation of literature.
Bloom's first language was Yiddish, and he also learned Hebrew before English. He attended Cornell (B.A., 1951) and Yale (Ph.D., 1955) universities and began teaching at Yale in 1955; he also taught ... |
Bidart, Frank | American poet whose introspective verse, notably dramatic monologues by troubled characters, deal with personal guilt, family life, and madness. His unconventional punctuation and typography give his colloquial and economical style an added emphasis.
Bidart graduated from the University of California, Riverside, and la... |
Beaver, Bruce | Australian poet, novelist, and journalist noted for his experimental forms and courageous self-examination, both of which made him one of the major forces in Australian poetry during the 1960s and '70s.
At the age of 17 Beaver underwent the first of several periods of psychiatric treatment for manic depression. He work... |
Bowles, Jane | American author whose small body of highly individualistic work enjoyed an underground reputation even when it was no longer in print.
She was raised in the United States and was educated in Switzerland by French governesses. She married the composer-author Paul Bowles in 1938. They lived in Costa Rica, France, Mexico,... |
Doctorow, E.L. | American novelist known for his skillful manipulation of traditional genres.
Doctorow graduated from Kenyon College (B.A., 1952) and then studied drama and directing for a year at Columbia University. He worked for a time as a script reader for Columbia Pictures in New York City. In 1959 he joined the editorial staff o... |
virtual museum | a collection of digitally recorded images, sound files, text documents, and other data of historical, scientific, or cultural interest that are accessed through electronic media. A virtual museum does not house actual objects and therefore lacks the permanence and unique qualities of a museum in the institutional defin... |
Nostratic hypothesis | proposed, but still controversial, language family of northern Eurasia. The term Nostratic was proposed in 1903 by the Danish linguist Holger Pedersen to encompass Indo-European, Uralic, Altaic, Afro-Asiatic, and possibly other language families under one broad category.
Modern research on the Nostratic hypothesis bega... |
Coustou, Nicolas | French sculptor whose style was based upon the academic grand manner of the sculptors who decorated the Palace of Versailles, though with some of the freedom of the Rococo manner. He worked in a variety of mediums and produced many works, some in collaboration with his brother, Guillaume.
Coustou was trained by his fat... |
Cowen, Sir Frederic Hymen | conductor, pianist, and composer who was widely regarded as one of the most versatile British musicians of his time.
Cowen exhibited his musical talent at an early age, and as a result his parents took him to England at age four to begin a musical apprenticeship. In 1860 he began studying with Julius Benedict and John ... |
Crawfurd, John | Scottish Orientalist and East India Company employee who successfully combined scholarship and diplomatic abilities.
Trained as a doctor in Edinburgh, Crawfurd was first appointed, at age 20, to the North-West Provinces of India. He was transferred in 1808 to Penang (Pinang), off the west coast of the Malay Peninsula, ... |
Crayer, Caspar de | Flemish painter, who was strongly influenced by his friend Peter Paul Rubens.
De Crayer was a pupil of Raphael Coxcie in Brussels, where he became a master in the painters' guild in 1607 and resided as a much-honoured citizen until 1664. In 1635 he was appointed court painter to the cardinal infant Ferdinand, for whose... |
Cressy, Hugh Paulin | English Benedictine monk, historian, apologist, and spiritual writer noted for his editorship of writings by Counter-Reformation mystics.
Educated at Merton College, Oxford, Cressy became chaplain to Sir Thomas Wentworth (later earl of Strafford) and subsequently to Lucius Cary (later Lord Falkland); he was also dean o... |
Crowder, Enoch Herbert | U.S. Army officer and administrator of the Selective Service Act in World War I.
Graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, N.Y. (1881), Crowder fought with the cavalry against Indians in the West (1881–85). After serving as judge advocate to U.S. troops in the Philippines in the Spanish-American War, he w... |
Cruyff, Johan | Dutch football (soccer) forward renowned for both his imaginative playmaking and his reliable scoring. He won numerous honours in the game, including European Footballer of the Year (1971, 1973, and 1974).
Cruyff joined the youth development squad of Amsterdam's Ajax soccer club when he was 10 years old; he was 17 when... |
Cujas, Jacques | French jurist and classical scholar whose work on Roman law was part of the humanist revival of classical culture.
A teacher at the universities of Valence and Bourges, Cujas attracted outstanding students from all over Europe, among them the Dutch classical scholar Joseph Justus Scaliger. In jurisprudence Cujas specia... |
Cunningham, R. Walter | American astronaut and civilian participant in the Apollo 7 mission (Oct. 11–22, 1968), in which the first manned flight of Apollo Command and Service modules was made.
Cunningham enlisted in the U.S. Navy in 1951 and transferred to the Marine Corps, where he served as a fighter pilot (1953–56). He majored in physics a... |
D'Arcy, William Knox | English businessman who was the principal founder of the Iranian oil industry.
As a youth D'Arcy emigrated with his father to Queensland, Australia, where between 1882 and 1889 he made a fortune in the Mount Morgan goldfield. He returned to London and, with British government assistance, secured (in 1901) a 60-year oil... |
Omalius d'Halloy, Jean-Baptiste-Julien d' | Belgian geologist who was an early proponent of evolution.
D'Omalius was educated first in Liège and afterward in Paris. While a youth he became interested in geology (over the protests of his parents) and, having an independent income, was able to devote his energies to geologic researches. As early as 1808 he communi... |
Dacier, André | classical scholar and translator who with his wife, Anne Dacier, was responsible for some of the famous Delphin series of editions of Latin classics.
Dacier studied at Saumur with the Humanist Tanneguy Lefèbvre, whose daughter Anne he married in 1683. He was made keeper of the library of the Louvre and, elected to the ... |
Dagerman, Stig | Swedish short-story writer, novelist, and playwright whose works, showing the influence of William Faulkner, Franz Kafka, and Dagerman's older compatriot, Eyvind Johnson, have been held to express a sense of Existentialist anguish.
A journalist, Dagerman scored a critical success with his play Den dödsdömde (first perf... |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
README.md exists but content is empty.
- Downloads last month
- 9