id int64 1 324k | title stringlengths 1 112 | text stringlengths 94 114k | url stringlengths 31 262 | lang stringclasses 1
value | length int32 100 114k | timestamp stringdate 2006-11-04 22:54:18 2026-04-01 12:58:02 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Astronomia | thumb|upright=1.2|[[Observatorium Paranal Observatorii Meridiani Europaei lasericam stellam ducentam ad Medium Galaxiae emittit.]]
Astronomia (Graece 'stella' + 'lex'), vel scientia sideralis,
Haec scientia hodie a meteorologia et climatologia distinguitur, quae praesertim astrorum vis et effectus in caelum nostrum ... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia | la | 6,337 | 2026-02-12T23:24:37Z |
7 | Andreas Celsius | Andreas Celsius (Suecice: Anders Celsius) 27 Novembris 1701 oppido Ovanåker nomine natus, 25 Aprilis 1744 Upsaliae ex tuberculose mortuus, astronomus suecianus.
Celsius docuit scientiam astronomicam apud Universitatem Upsaliensem ex anno 1730 usque ad 1744, sed itinera annis 1732-1735 faciebat ut observatoria notanda ... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Celsius | la | 1,240 | 2020-10-03T11:05:28Z |
10 | Articulata | Articulata erant superphylum animalium primum a Georgio Cuvier anno 1817 propositum, cui sunt corpora articulata, systema nervosum ventrale, ac ganglia. Annelida, crustacea, arachnida, insectaque continebat. Hodie hypothesis de Ecdysozois praeponitur.
Classificatio
Cuvier articulata in classes et ordines sequentes di... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulata | la | 776 | 2015-07-20T22:02:37Z |
12 | Ars rhetorica | thumb|Imago e libro de Chironomia a Gilberto Austin, [[oratore Hibernico, scripto. Actio est pars artis oratoris, ut saepe dicit Cicero, in e.g. De oratore 2.73.]]
Ars rhetorica est ars liberalis bene dicendi et scribendi, pars trivii habita. Scribit Isidorus: "Quae propter nitorem et copiam eloquentiae suae maxime in ... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars_rhetorica | la | 2,880 | 2025-04-08T20:16:29Z |
9 | Animalia | Animalia (, ab anima), seu Metazoa (, a Gr. μέτα + ζῷᾰ), in biologia hodie appellantur illa copia rerum viventium quae simul sunt eukaryoticae, heterotrophicae, et multicellulares, et quae motiles aliquando in circulo vitae embryonice per blastulas evoluta sunt. Animalia cuncta quoque parietibus cellularibus duris et c... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia | la | 7,680 | 2023-04-11T12:22:18Z |
15 | Ars | thumb|[[Facies variis artis generibus pictae.]]
thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[Sculptura|Signum quod feminam summae artis gymnasticam monstrat.]]
() est disciplina vel , partim translaticius partimque novatus, qui nihil est nisi facultas longae actionum praecipuarum seriei exsequendi ut finis quidam attingatur. Sensu stric... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars | la | 6,179 | 2025-10-13T00:03:54Z |
5 | Arithmetica | thumb|upright=1.2|[[Fenestra ecclesiae cathedralis Dominae Nostrae Lauduni arithmeticam inter artes liberales ostendit.]]
Arithmetica est disciplina numerorum. Graeci enim numerum dicebant; (sc. ) est ergo ars numerorum tractandorum. Quam artem scriptores saeculorum litterarum inter disciplinas mathematicas ideo pri... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetica | la | 26,195 | 2025-04-05T15:52:13Z |
18 | Declinatio Prima | Declinatio prima seu A-declinatio declinatio nominum est, quae cum A littera finiuntur in nominativo et ablativo casu singulari. Similior primae declinationi Graecae erat quae et ipsa nomina plerumque feminina et in -a desinentia comprehendebat.
De usu classico
Declinatio
Exceptiones
* Genetivus singularis nominis ... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declinatio_Prima | la | 5,801 | 2023-04-09T18:02:55Z |
19 | Archaeologia | thumb|upright=1.2|Cavatores [[Pompeiis.]]
Archaeologia est scientia exstantium antiquitatum, quae multum historiae auxilium confert. Etenim, velut scientia rerum antiquarum, non solum historiae scriptis, sed etiam inscriptionibus, aedificiis, supellectilibus, ornamentis, sepulcris, ceterisque rebus ad humanam vitam per... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeologia | la | 2,891 | 2025-12-27T10:33:40Z |
20 | Asterix | thumb|Asterix (sinistra) cum Obelige amico et cane Idefige in muro [[Hagenensi Westfaliae depictus]]
Asterix (; Francogallice Astérix) est:
# Persona ex libris pictis.
# Libri picti comici de Asterige et Obelige Gallis. Carolus Rubricastellanus Germanus libros in Latinum sermonem vertit. Auctores librorum Asterigis Re... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterix | la | 3,449 | 2025-08-24T23:37:14Z |
17 | Aeneis | thumb|[[Manuscriptum circa 1470, Christophorus Majorana.]]
thumb|upright=0.8|'Aeneas Troiam deflagrantem fugit. [[Pictura a Federico Barocci (1598) facta. Galleria Borghesiana Romae.]]
right|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Tabula geographica|Tabula Aeneae itineris.]]
( vel ) est Publii Vergilii Maronis magnum praeclarumque opus,... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeneis | la | 18,912 | 2025-10-13T03:12:19Z |
22 | Aëroplanum | thumb|Aëroplanum [[fratres Wright|fratrum Wright.]]
thumb|Aëroplanum "Concordia" nominatum.
thumb|Aëroplanum militare [[propulsorium|propulsorio instructum.]]
thumb|Aëroplana probanda ex [[NASA.]]
Aëroplānum, vel aëriplānum, vel sine arte machina volatilis, Sed primum aëroplanum sua potentia volans ab Alberto Santos D... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%ABroplanum | la | 1,231 | 2025-09-12T01:10:22Z |
23 | Augusta Praetoria | thumb|Despectus in Augustam Prætoriam e montibus
Augusta Praetoria vel Augustenses sunt.
Ad septentrionem Augustae anno 1965 cuniculus Rupis Albae itineris ad Franciam constructus est.
Industria
Societas Cogne anno 1909 condita magnam ferrariam apud Augustam gerit.
Clari cives
Nati
* Anselmus Cantuariensis
* Fran... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusta_Praetoria | la | 2,457 | 2025-06-14T03:27:28Z |
25 | Aquae Mattiacae | thumb|[[hortus]]
Aquae Mattiacae sive Aquae Mattiacorum (Germanice Wiesbaden) sunt urbs in Germania sita, caput Hassiae terrae foederalis, numero incolarum secunda (post Francofurtum ad Moenum) huius terrae. Urbs viginti sex fontes habet et ibi fortasse omnium Germanarum veterrimae thermae sunt.
Aquis Mattiacis Offici... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquae_Mattiacae | la | 1,856 | 2022-10-10T22:32:42Z |
26 | Atomus | thumb|Atomus cum [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo amborum protonium et neutronium et electronibus tribus.]]
thumb|Illustratio e libro A New System of Chemical Philosophy (sc. Ratio Nova Philosophiae Chemiae) ab Ioanne Dalton anno [[1808 scripto.]]
thumb|In [[exemplar atomi Bohranum|Bohrano atomi exemplari, nunc obsoleto, elec... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomus | la | 9,438 | 2025-06-23T21:46:46Z |
27 | Augur | thumb|Augur cum [[avis|ave.]]
Augur (-is, m) in religione Romana fuit vir qui sacras aves auctoritate publica alebat, custodiebat, observabat, atque ex iis futura divinabat. Multus fuit augurum et usus et honos apud Romanos antiquos. Tanta sacerdotio augurum erat auctoritas, ut nihil bello domique Romani gererent, nisi... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augur | la | 916 | 2024-02-10T15:17:24Z |
28 | Augurium | Augurium sacrarum avium ab augure quod astrologiae educatio est, animadversio atque ex iis rerum futurarum divinatio.
Ex volatu avium capiebant Romani augurium prosperum quidem, si a sinistra parte auguris advolassent, augurium adversum autem, si dextera.
Etiam e fulmine laevo laetum, e dextero triste augurium putaba... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augurium | la | 449 | 2024-06-28T20:40:34Z |
16 | Architectura | thumb|upright=1.4|alt=View of Florence showing the dome, which dominates everything around it. It is octagonal in plan and ovoid in section. It has wide ribs rising to the apex with red tiles in between and a marble lantern on top.|[[Philippus Brunelleschi, tholum Cathedralis Florentiae aedificans, non solum cathedrale... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectura | la | 7,133 | 2025-09-19T17:30:27Z |
30 | Apocrypha | Apocrypha (Graece, 'abscondita') sunt libri qui ad Biblia Sacra certorum Christianorum non pertinere dicuntur, a personis biblicis scripti vel ab aliis cum biblicis libris consociati. Alii pulchri habentur textus Christianae vel Hebraicae fidei; alii haereses a Christiana fide seiunctas promovere putantur. Cum non sint... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocrypha | la | 1,198 | 2026-01-26T01:57:57Z |
31 | Albis | Albis est flumen magnum in re publica Bohemica Germaniaque, quod in Oceanum Fresonicum fluit. Alia nomina sunt Alba, Albea, Albia, Albius, Alpia, Alvea, Heilba, Helbia et Herlba.
thumb|Albis fluvius visus a Saxo Regali vulgo Königstein
thumb|Cursus Albis
Geographia
Fontes Albis sunt in montibus Gigantium in Cechia, q... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albis | la | 1,076 | 2024-09-30T20:45:18Z |
29 | Adamus Bremensis | Adamus seu Adam Bremensis e Saxonia superiore Bremam missus est. Vir doctus magisterque scholarum fuit.
thumb|[[Germania]]
Vita
Nescitur quo anno Adamus natus sit. Putatur circa annum 1050 natus esse. Anno 1066 Bremam venit ibique sub Archiepiscopo Adalberto Bremensi docuit. Adamus circa annum 1081 obiit.
thumb|[[C... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamus_Bremensis | la | 1,323 | 2023-04-07T19:33:01Z |
32 | Arbor Felix | thumb|200 px|Ecclesia catholica Arboris Felicis
thumb| Arboris Felicis collocatio
Arbor Felix sive Arbor (Theodisce Arbon) est urbs pagi Turgoviae in Helvetia, olim a Romanis condita ad litora Lacus Bodamici.
Historia
Urbs epochae Romanae codice Peutingeriano citata est.
Notitia Dignitatum sub Duce Raetiae sic praeb... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbor_Felix | la | 551 | 2016-01-26T08:53:18Z |
35 | Anno Domini | thumb|[[Inscriptio verba ANNO DOMINI ferens, in ecclesia cathedrali Clagenfurtensi Austriae.]]
thumb|[[Ducatus (nummus)|Ducatus reipublicae Tigurinae anno 1712 facta verba ANNO DOMINI in latere reverso fert.]]
Locutio anno Domini, plenius anno Domini nostri Iesu Christi, aliter post Christum natum, indicat numerum anno... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_Domini | la | 2,595 | 2024-10-02T15:06:45Z |
39 | A | A ([] subs. indecl.) est prima littera abecedarii sive alphabeti Latini.
Abbreviationes
# A (raro scriptum) = 500 (D, quingenti).
# A {abbrev.} = Aulus, Augustus, absolvo, antiquo, annus.
# Æ (raro scriptum) = 2000 (MM, duo milia).
# a = littera salutaris Romanorum antiquorum. Iudices Romani duas tabulas habebant, un... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/A | la | 1,349 | 2026-02-13T13:19:59Z |
40 | AUC | A.U.C. sive A.V.C. vel etiam A.U. abbreviatio est, pro:
* anno urbis conditae
* ab urbe condita
* anno urbis"
Et usum annos numerandi causa est ab anno in quo urbs Roma condita est die 21 Aprilis anno 753 a.C.n.. Exempli causa si annum domini I indicere volueris annum septingentesimum quinquagesimum quartum ab urbe co... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/AUC | la | 532 | 2020-02-02T15:46:43Z |
42 | Agaunum | 300px|thumb|Tabula Acauni
Agaunum (alia nomina: Acaunum) (Francice: Saint-Maurice ; Germanice: Sankt Moritz (Wallis), id est Fanum Sancti Mauritii), est vicus Helveticus 4002 incolarum (anno 2007) in pago Valesia, situs in valle Rhodani fluvii. Incolae Agaunenses appellantur.
Sanctus Theodulus reliquias Sancti Mauriti... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agaunum | la | 645 | 2016-08-30T10:39:54Z |
21 | Stella | thumb|Stellae in [[caelum|caelo nocturno. Hic etiam regio stella formationis in Magna Nube Magellanica videtur. Imago a NASA et ESA.]]
thumb|upright=0.8|[[Sol, stella principalis sequentiae generis G, ad tellurem proxima.]]
, etiam et (), est corpus caeleste quod in luminoso plasmatis suā gravitate cohibito consist... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella | la | 7,087 | 2025-10-13T00:05:23Z |
43 | Acidum desoxyribonucleicum | thumb|Duplex helix.
Acidum desoxyribonucleicum, vel DNA et ADN, aliquando tessera vitae appellatum, est materia in qua informatio genetica conservatur et profertur. DNA in nucleis cellularum omnium animalium et plantarum contingit. Structura chemica DNA a Iacobo Watson et Francisco Crick die 25 Aprilis anno 1953 inven... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidum_desoxyribonucleicum | la | 5,440 | 2024-09-03T18:44:19Z |
44 | Acidum ribonucleicum | thumb|Structura acidi ribonucleici
thumb|RNA et DNA inter se comparata
Acidum ribonucleicum (ARN vel RNA) est molecula polymerica, in omnibus cellulis vivis praesens, quae codicem acidi desoxyribonucleici (ADN, DNA) transfert ad synthesin proteinorum regendum. In multis autem viris in ipso ARN informatio genetica conse... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidum_ribonucleicum | la | 1,589 | 2025-09-02T17:06:45Z |
45 | Acidum phosphoricum | thumb|Acidum phosphoricum
Acidum phosphoricum acidum est formula H3PO4 notatum. Sal phosphas nominatur, ut e.g. calcii phosphas Ca3(PO4)2
Notae
* Phosphatum
Categoria:Chemica | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidum_phosphoricum | la | 177 | 2025-12-25T18:11:02Z |
47 | Alkali | Alkali, alcali; indecl., n. (-lis, f. aut alkalium (a nomine Arabico القلي al-qili, h.e. potassa, a verbo قلی qalā, h.e. 'coquere'), in chemia est sal basicus ionta metalli alkalici aut metalli alkalici terreni continens, qui in aqua solutus solutionem basicam efficit.
Sunt alkalia e.g.:
* Ca(OH)2
* KOH
* LiOH
*... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali | la | 410 | 2020-03-26T21:19:39Z |
46 | Aminoacidum | thumb|Viginti aminoacida naturalia
Aminoacidum est res organica compositum organicum quae radices carboxylicam (-COOH) et aminicam (-NH2) habet. Elementa principalia aminoacidorum sunt carbonium (C), oxygenium (O) et nitrogenium (N). Circiter 500 aminoacidorum nota sunt, ex eis viginti codice genetico in proteina inclu... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacidum | la | 1,001 | 2024-02-17T14:30:40Z |
49 | Aër | thumb|[[Atmosphaera telluris e satellite sic pingitur.]]
Aër vel atmosphaera telluris est stratum gasium quod tellurem cingit, a gravitate telluris retentum.
Aër necesse est ad existendum organismorum complurium, qui terram habitant. Cum organismi spirant, oxygenium intrat in cellam, deinde oxygenatione facta, energia... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%ABr | la | 1,459 | 2025-04-19T22:38:02Z |
38 | Lucius Appuleius Saturninus | thumb|Denarius a Lucio Appuleio anno 104 a.C.n. signatus : in exemplaribus bene servatis Saturnus harpê (falcis genere) quam manu tenet cognoscendus est
Lucius Appuleius Saturninus (natus circa annum 138 a.C.n.; mortuus die 10 Decembris 100 a.C.n.) fuit vir publicus Romanus, quaestor, tribunus plebis. Popularium factio... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Appuleius_Saturninus | la | 4,906 | 2023-08-06T17:55:43Z |
48 | Aqua | thumb|Aqua roris liquidi, status naturalis suus.
thumb|[[Tellus planeta ex Apollo 17 visa, cum multitudine magna sua aquae.]]
Aqua, chemice oxidum hydrogenii et hydrogenium oxydatum rite appellata, est compositum chemicum cuius formula chemica est H2O. Molecula aquae ex singulo oxygenii et binis atomis hydrogenii a vin... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua | la | 8,502 | 2024-07-14T08:54:25Z |
52 | Aes (discretiva) | Aes () potest esse:
* Cuprum sive aes Cyprium, elementum chemicum
* Aeris mixturae:
** Aes (mixtura), mixtura cupri stannique
** Aes candidum, arsenico admixto
** Orichalcum, cadmia admixta
** Aes Corinthium
* Pecunia
** Aes alienum, quod nos aliis debemus
** Aes suum, quod alii nobis debent
* Aër (aëris, m.)
* "Aes n... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aes_%28discretiva%29 | la | 330 | 2017-12-15T16:59:28Z |
53 | Arma | thumb|180px|Miles Romanus cum armis videlicet scuto et hasta
Arma sunt instrumenta bellica, sive ad tegendum sive ad nocendum. Arma nociva saepe ad homines necandum adhibentur, arma tectiva ad protegendum. In usu sunt apud milites et gladiatores.
Arma nonnumquam sensu translato pro bello sive proelio stant.
Index
Ad... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma | la | 1,019 | 2025-03-26T18:54:24Z |
56 | Australopithecus | thumb|Sinciput [[Australopithecus africanus|Australopitheci africani.]]
Australopithecus (verbum compositum: australis + pithecus 'simius') est genus hominidarum quae in Africa vivebant et antecessor generis Hominum, itaque Hominum sapientium, esse putatur. Australopithecus duobus pedibus ambulabat, sed etiam bracchia ... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus | la | 1,914 | 2025-12-30T21:47:53Z |
51 | Aetas aënea | Aetas aënea in Systemate aetatum trium est tempus quo homines cupro mixturaque aeris pro principalibus materiis duris in manufactura nonnullorum instrumentorum et armorum uti coeperunt. Quod ad temporum ordinem spectat, Aetas Aenea inter aetates Lapideam et Ferream stat. Nomen Aetas Lapideum fontem metalli fundere non ... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aetas_a%C3%ABnea | la | 7,813 | 2024-06-16T01:24:39Z |
58 | Chalcolithicum | Chalcolithicum vel Aëneolithicum sive Aevum cupreum est pars aevi antiqui vel pars ultima neolithici, nomine de usu cupri metalli deducto.
Cuprum in Cypro repertum erat, non autem forma metallica, sed forma aeris (aes cyprium).Cuprum metallum est molle; ergo gladii, pili, atque alia res militaria erant pulchra, sed n... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcolithicum | la | 691 | 2021-05-22T21:46:12Z |
50 | Arbor | thumb|Arbores in [[mons|monte in Uta septentrionali autumno ineunte.]]
right|thumb|Fundamentum trunci [[Sequoia sempervirens|Sequoiae sempervirentis in Vivario Civitatis Redwoods Jedediah Smith: "Simpson Reed Discovery Trail," prope Crescent City Californiae.]]
thumb|[[Sequoiadendron est generis magnarum arborum.]]
thu... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbor | la | 3,438 | 2026-03-31T20:36:43Z |
57 | Autocinetum | thumb|Hybrida onerabilis a [[Hyundai factus, species Sonata Plug-in Hybrid speciei annualis 2015.]]
, sive , est autovehiculum usus proprii et in operatione. Multitudo generum sunt, quarumque necessitudines usoris adaptarum. Variae methodi pulsus quoque sunt, sicut vi petroleica, electrica, gas, et a his per varias co... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocinetum | la | 12,617 | 2026-03-28T22:58:57Z |
62 | Ablativus (lingua Latina) | Ablativus est casus qui, sive in lingua Latina sive in aliis linguis, ostendit condiciones separationis et originis, instrumenti et loci. Latine etiam sextus vel Latinus casus appellatur, ex comparatione cum quinque casibus Graecis.
Usus ablativi in lingua Latina
Ablativus absolutus
Ablativus absolutus dicitur sente... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablativus_%28lingua_Latina%29 | la | 2,681 | 2022-10-10T17:06:02Z |
64 | Antoninus Pius | thumb|Antoninus Pius/ [[Prado Matriti.]]
Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus senator (86–161) fuit imperator Romanus ab anno 138 usque ad mortem. Ab imperatore Hadriano heres adoptatus nomen ita mutavitː Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius.
Familia
Filius fuit consulis Aurelii Fulvi, cuius familia Nema... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoninus_Pius | la | 4,355 | 2025-09-04T12:26:36Z |
60 | Archaea | thumb|[[Aquae calidae salientes in Yellowstone archaea nutriunt.]]
Archaea (Graece: ἀρχαῖα 'antiqua') grex microorganismorum sunt, quorum quisque solum unam cellulam habet. Hae cellulae nucleis et ullo organello membranis ligato carent. Archaea olim putata sunt inusitatus bacteriorum grex, archaebacteria nominatus, se... | https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea | la | 3,950 | 2024-08-01T15:38:25Z |
Open Wikipedia (Text)
Every Wikipedia article as clean plain text, 139.4K articles across 1 languages
What is it?
This dataset contains every article from every language edition of Wikipedia, converted from raw MediaWiki markup into clean plain text. All formatting, templates, references, tables, HTML tags, and wiki syntax are stripped away, leaving only the readable content of each article.
The source data comes from the official Wikimedia database dumps. Each language's full XML export is streamed, parsed, and converted article by article. The results are stored as sharded Apache Parquet files with Zstandard compression, organized by language.
This is the plain text variant of the Open Wikipedia collection. If you need Markdown with preserved headings, bold, italic, code blocks, and links, see open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown. If you need the original MediaWiki source markup, see open-index/open-wikipedia.
139.4K articles | 1 languages | Last updated: 2026-04-03 | License: CC BY-SA 4.0
What is being released?
The dataset is organized as one directory per language, with sharded Parquet files inside each:
data/
en/en-00000.parquet English, shard 0
en-00001.parquet English, shard 1
...
de/de-00000.parquet German
fr/fr-00000.parquet French
es/es-00000.parquet Spanish
ja/ja-00000.parquet Japanese
...
la/la-00000.parquet Latin
Each Parquet file contains up to 500,000 rows. Languages with fewer articles fit in a single shard. All files use Zstandard compression.
How to download and use this dataset
Using DuckDB
DuckDB can read Parquet files directly from Hugging Face without downloading anything first.
-- Count articles per language
SELECT lang, COUNT(*) as articles
FROM read_parquet('hf://datasets/open-index/open-wikipedia-text/data/*/*.parquet')
GROUP BY lang
ORDER BY articles DESC;
-- Full-text search across all languages
SELECT title, lang, length, url
FROM read_parquet('hf://datasets/open-index/open-wikipedia-text/data/*/*.parquet')
WHERE text ILIKE '%artificial intelligence%'
ORDER BY length DESC
LIMIT 20;
-- Article length distribution for English
SELECT
percentile_disc(0.25) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY length) AS p25,
percentile_disc(0.50) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY length) AS p50,
percentile_disc(0.75) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY length) AS p75,
percentile_disc(0.90) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY length) AS p90,
percentile_disc(0.99) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY length) AS p99,
AVG(length)::INT AS avg_length,
MAX(length) AS max_length
FROM read_parquet('hf://datasets/open-index/open-wikipedia-text/data/en/*.parquet');
-- Total text volume per language (in GB)
SELECT lang, COUNT(*) AS articles,
ROUND(SUM(length) / 1e9, 2) AS text_gb
FROM read_parquet('hf://datasets/open-index/open-wikipedia-text/data/*/*.parquet')
GROUP BY lang
ORDER BY text_gb DESC
LIMIT 20;
-- Find the longest articles in each language
SELECT lang, title, length, url
FROM (
SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY lang ORDER BY length DESC) AS rn
FROM read_parquet('hf://datasets/open-index/open-wikipedia-text/data/*/*.parquet')
)
WHERE rn = 1
ORDER BY length DESC
LIMIT 20;
Using datasets
from datasets import load_dataset
# Load English Wikipedia
ds = load_dataset("open-index/open-wikipedia-text", "en")
print(ds["train"][0]["title"])
print(ds["train"][0]["text"][:500])
# Stream the full dataset without downloading everything
ds = load_dataset("open-index/open-wikipedia-text", "en", split="train", streaming=True)
for item in ds:
print(item["title"], item["length"])
# Load a specific language
ds = load_dataset("open-index/open-wikipedia-text", "de")
print(f"German articles: {len(ds['train']):,}")
Using huggingface_hub
from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
# Download only English
snapshot_download(
"open-index/open-wikipedia-text",
repo_type="dataset",
local_dir="./wiki-text/",
allow_patterns="data/en/*",
)
For faster downloads, install pip install huggingface_hub[hf_transfer] and set HF_HUB_ENABLE_HF_TRANSFER=1.
Using the CLI
# Download a single language
huggingface-cli download open-index/open-wikipedia-text \
--include "data/la/*" \
--repo-type dataset --local-dir ./wiki-text/
Sentence embeddings
Plain text is the ideal input for embedding models. Here is a quick example:
from datasets import load_dataset
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
ds = load_dataset("open-index/open-wikipedia-text", "en", split="train")
model = SentenceTransformer("all-MiniLM-L6-v2")
# Embed the first 1000 article texts (truncated to 512 chars)
texts = [row["text"][:512] for row in ds.select(range(1000))]
embeddings = model.encode(texts, show_progress_bar=True)
print(f"Embeddings shape: {embeddings.shape}")
Dataset statistics
Languages
| Language | Code | Articles | Shards |
|---|---|---|---|
| Latin | la |
139.4K | 1 |
Schema
Every Parquet file shares the same schema:
| Column | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
id |
int64 |
Wikipedia page ID, unique within each language edition |
title |
string |
Article title as it appears on Wikipedia |
text |
string |
Full article body as plain text, all markup removed |
url |
string |
Direct URL to the Wikipedia article |
lang |
string |
ISO 639 language code (e.g. en, de, fr, ja) |
length |
int32 |
Plain text body length in bytes |
timestamp |
string |
Last revision timestamp in ISO 8601 format |
Example instance
Here is an example row from the English partition:
{
"id": 12,
"title": "Anarchism",
"text": "Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is against all forms of authority and seeks to abolish...",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism",
"lang": "en",
"length": 65210,
"timestamp": "2025-12-15T08:22:01Z"
}
The text field contains only readable content. All wiki syntax, HTML tags, templates, references, and formatting markers have been removed.
What gets stripped
Every element of MediaWiki markup is removed to produce clean plain text:
| Element | Handling |
|---|---|
{{templates}} |
Removed entirely, including Infobox, Navbox, Taxobox, and all other templates |
| `{ | tables |
<ref> citations |
Removed, including named references |
[[wiki links]] |
Replaced with the display text only (no URL, no brackets) |
'''bold''' / ''italic'' |
Replaced with the plain text content |
== Headings == |
Replaced with the heading text only |
<!-- comments --> |
Removed |
[[File:]] / [[Image:]] |
Removed |
[[Category:]] |
Removed |
<code>, <pre>, <syntaxhighlight> |
Tag markup removed, content preserved as plain text |
| All other HTML tags | Removed |
| Magic words | __NOTOC__, __FORCETOC__, and similar directives are removed |
How it works
The pipeline processes all 1 Wikipedia language editions through the following steps:
Download. The latest
{lang}wiki-latest-pages-articles.xml.bz2dump is streamed from dumps.wikimedia.org. Downloads support HTTP range resumption, so interrupted transfers pick up where they left off.Parse. A streaming XML parser processes the bzip2-compressed dump without extracting it to disk. Only namespace-0 pages (articles) are kept. Redirects, talk pages, user pages, and all other namespaces are skipped.
Strip. Each article's wikitext is processed to remove all markup, templates, tables, references, HTML, and formatting. Wiki links are replaced with their display text. The result is clean, readable plain text.
Filter. Articles shorter than 100 bytes after conversion are excluded. This removes stubs, disambiguation pages, and other pages with minimal content.
Shard. Articles are written to Zstandard-compressed Parquet files, approximately 500,000 rows per shard. Multiple languages are processed in parallel using a worker pool.
Publish. Each language's shards are committed to this Hugging Face repository as they complete.
Considerations
Why plain text?
Plain text is the right choice when you need clean input without any formatting noise. Common use cases include:
- Text embeddings. Embedding models work best with pure text. Markdown markers like
**and##add noise that can degrade similarity scores. - Text classification. Topic classifiers and sentiment models typically expect plain text input.
- BM25 and keyword search. Traditional information retrieval benefits from clean text without markup artifacts.
- Tokenization and vocabulary analysis. Formatting symbols consume tokens without adding semantic value.
If you need document structure (headings, bold, code blocks, links), use the Markdown variant instead.
Known limitations
- Conversion is regex-based, not a full parser. Some complex wikitext constructs may leave small artifacts. The vast majority of articles convert cleanly.
- Templates are stripped, not expanded. Infoboxes and navigation templates are removed entirely rather than converted to their rendered text output.
- One snapshot in time. This dataset represents a single snapshot of each language's dump. It does not track edit history.
- Dump availability varies. Not all language editions have their dumps available at all times.
Related datasets
- open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown - Same articles with Markdown formatting preserved. Headings, bold, italic, code blocks, and links are retained.
- open-index/open-wikipedia - Same articles in original MediaWiki wikitext markup with templates, tables, references, and all source elements.
Thanks
The content in this dataset was written by millions of Wikipedia editors worldwide and is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. The raw data comes from the Wikimedia database dumps, which the Foundation makes freely available for download.
Wikipedia is one of humanity's greatest collaborative achievements. All credit for the content goes to the volunteer editors who write, review, and maintain it.
This dataset is an independent conversion and is not affiliated with or endorsed by the Wikimedia Foundation.
Licensing
Wikipedia content is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0). This dataset inherits that license. If you redistribute or build upon this data, you must give appropriate credit and share your contributions under the same license.
Citation
@dataset{open_wikipedia_text,
title = {Open Wikipedia (Text)},
author = {Open Index},
year = {2026},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/open-index/open-wikipedia-text},
license = {CC BY-SA 4.0},
publisher = {Hugging Face}
}
Last updated: 2026-04-03
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