Model Card for psp-dada/Gemma2-9B-IT-Uni-DPO | ICLR 2026 | Uni-DPO:
A Unified Paradigm for Dynamic Preference Optimization of LLMs

🎊 News

• [2026.02.16] 📖 Code, data, and models are released!
• [2026.01.26] 🎉 Our Uni-DPO is accepted by ICLR 2026!

🚀 Overview

Uni-DPO introduces a unified dynamic preference optimization paradigm for training large language models (LLMs) from preference data. Unlike prior DPO-based methods that treat all preference pairs equally, Uni-DPO jointly considers intrinsic data quality and model learning dynamics, enabling more effective and robust preference learning.

Key advantages:

• Quality-aware: Adaptively prioritizes high-quality preference pairs while down-weighting ambiguous ones.
• Dynamics-aware: Shifts training focus toward under-fitted samples to mitigate overfitting.
• Unified & lightweight: Seamlessly integrates dual-perspective weighting and calibrated NLL into standard DPO with minimal overhead.

🔑 Key Features

• Dual-perspective dynamic weighting for preference optimization. Uni-DPO jointly models what data is worth learning (intrinsic quality) and what the model still struggles with (learning dynamics). By combining a quality-aware weight and a performance-aware weight, Uni-DPO dynamically reallocates training focus throughout optimization.

• Quality-aware weighting filters ambiguous preference pairs. Preference data varies widely in reliability. Uni-DPO leverages score margins between preferred and rejected responses to assign higher weights to clear, high-quality pairs while suppressing noisy or ambiguous ones.

• Performance-aware weighting mitigates overfitting during training. High-quality samples are not always the most informative once the model has already mastered them. Uni-DPO introduces a stabilized focal-style performance weight that down-weights well-fitted pairs and emphasizes hard-but-informative examples, effectively reducing overfitting.

• Decoupling data quality from learning difficulty. Empirical analysis reveals that data quality (score margin) and learning difficulty (reward margin) are weakly correlated. Uni-DPO explicitly models this mismatch, ensuring that optimization is guided by both dimensions rather than relying on either alone.

• State-of-the-art performance across text, math, and multimodal benchmarks. Uni-DPO consistently outperforms DPO and SimPO across diverse settings.

How to use

For the details of this model, please refer to the documentation of the GitHub repo.

📝 Citation

If you find our model/code/data/paper helpful, please consider citing our papers 📝 and starring us ⭐️！

@inproceedings{peng2026unidpo,
  title     = {Uni-{DPO}: A Unified Paradigm for Dynamic Preference Optimization of {LLM}s},
  author    = {Shangpin Peng and Weinong Wang and Zhuotao Tian and Senqiao Yang and Xing W and Haotian Xu and Chengquan Zhang and Takashi Isobe and Baotian Hu and Min Zhang},
  booktitle = {The Fourteenth International Conference on Learning Representations},
  year      = {2026},
  url       = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=G7DBGlgjjp}
}

📧 Contact us

If you have any questions, comments, or suggestions, please do not hesitate to submit an issue or PR to help advance research in this area.